LEXICAL INTERFACE 4 OCT 30, 2015 – DAY 27 Brain & Language LING 4110-4890-5110-7960 NSCI...

LEXICAL INTERFACE 4OCT 30, 2015 – DAY 27

Brain & LanguageLING 4110-4890-5110-7960NSCI 4110-4891-6110Fall 2015

2

Course organization• Schedule:

• http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/BrLg/t1-Intro.html#schedule-of-topics

• Today's chapter:• http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/BrLg/t17-LexicalInterface.html

• Fun with https://www.facebook.com/BrLg15/

10/30/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University

http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/BrLg/t1-Intro.html%23schedule-of-topics

http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/BrLg/t1-Intro.html%23schedule-of-topics

http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/BrLg/t17-LexicalInterface.html

https://www.facebook.com/BrLg15/

3

GradesQ1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6

MIN 6 5 5 4 7 3AVG 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.4 9.2 7.5MAX 10 10 10 10 10 10


4

THE LEXICAL INTERFACE 2


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The lexical interface


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Areas ~ hubs ~ effects = sensorimotor semantics


7

Hypotheses


STS phonological net

p(MTG+ITS)lexical interface

a(MTG+ITS)combinatorial net 1

aIFGcombinatorial net 2

STS phonological net

action words, toolsmotor + somato cortex

a(MTG+ITS)combinatorial net 1 ???

aIFGcombinatorial net 2 ???

imageable wordsmedial temporal gyrus

imageable wordsmedial temporal gyrus

Hickok & Poeppel, symbolic?

Pulvermüller, sensorimotor or embodied

‘To prime the pump’• ‘The facilitatory effect that presentation of an item can have on the response to a subsequent item’

• usually measured in terms of reaction time

10/30/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 8

9

Features as a network 2excitation, inhibition


human female

mature

manwoman

boy

girl

mare

colt

Activation of ‘man’ will still wind up activating ‘female’, but inhibition will now turn it off.

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Features as a network 3excitation, inhibition


human female

mature

manwoman

boy

girl

mare

colt

In cortex, long-distance connections are excitatory,

while short-distance connections are inhibitory.

Activation of ‘man’ will wind up activating ‘female’, but inhibition of ‘woman’ will turn it off.

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Feature network for animatesexcitation, mutually reinforcing activation (excitation)


head

camelcrocodile

duckpenguin

zebratorso

legs

humpeyes

bill

stripes

12

Inanimate vs. animate, side by side

Inanimate

• few overlapping and inter-correlated features,

• relatively more distinctive features,

• and they tend to be more strongly correlated with one another.

• ∴ inanimate concepts are less easy to confuse with one another.

Animate

• many overlapping and inter-correlated features (legs, eyes, teeth),

• few distinctive features (mane, hump, pouch),

• and they are only weakly correlated with one another.

• ∴ animate concepts are easy to confuse with one another.


13

Problem• Correlated feature theory cannot account for other

patterns of impairment, such as cases in which artifacts are more poorly identified than living things.


14

Sensory/functional theory• Knowledge of objects organized into:

• networks of sensory features: form, motion, color, taste, etc., and • networks of functional features: how, when, and where the object is

typically used.• A CSSD arises when one of these networks is disrupted

• animates are mostly comprised of sensory features; • inanimates are mostly comprised of functional features. (??)


LEXICAL SEMANTICS 4Prototype theory


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Which is best example of a bird?


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Results


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Levels of categorization• On a scale of 1 to 7, rate the following items as a good example of the category furniture.

• 1 chair • 1 sofa • 3 couch • 3 table • 5 easy chair • 6 dresser • 6 rocking chair • 8 coffee table • 9 rocker • 10 love seat • 11 chest of drawers • 12 desk • 13 bed


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Hierarchy of categories

domain level|

basic or prototype

|subordinate


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Basic is special1. Response Times: in which queries involving a

prototypical member (e.g. is a robin a bird?) elicited faster response times than for non-prototypical members (e.g. is a penguin a bird?) .

2. Priming: When primed with the higher-level (superordinate) category, subjects were faster in identifying if two words are the same. Thus, after flashing furniture, the equivalence of chair-chair is detected more rapidly than stove-stove.

3. Exemplars: When asked to name a few exemplars, the more prototypical items came up more frequently.


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Basic is really special• 1) It is the highest level at which a single mental image

can represent the entire category (you can’t get a mental image of vehicle or furniture).

• 2) It is the highest level at which category members have a similarly perceived overall shape.

• 3) It is the highest level at which a person uses similar motor actions for interacting with category members.

• 4) It is the level at which most of our knowledge is organized.


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Dual pathways in vision


Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 2310/30/15

The what / ventral pathway (Palmeri & Gauthier 2004)

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Final project• Improve a Wikipedia article about any of the topics

mentioned in class or any other topic broadly related to neurolinguistics.

• Write a short essay explaining what you did and why you did it.

• Print the article before you improve it, highlighting any subtractions.

• Print the article after you improve it, highlighting your additions.


NEXT TIMEP7Lateralization of word semantics


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