Presentation to the Cr/rn/na/Justice ReformSubcommittee

Apr// 2014

Fiscal Overview ofCriminal justice System

Char/es Sallee, Deputy DirectorEr/c Chenier, Fisca/Analyst

Legislative Finance Committee

Overview~ One out of every 44 New Mexican adults areinvolved in the criminal justice system

~ Victims, inmate families, the economy,taxpayers and society pay the price

Summary~ Criminal Justice Appropriations~ NM Corrections Department Costs~ Cost Per Offender/Inmate~ Cost of Recidivism~ Cost Saving Opportunities

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New Mexico Results FirstLifetime total benefits of selected outcomes

in New Mexicoust~, /wms~/:~ / ~~~$ ,~wasrnPSs~~ r ~4*hAyjrrg~nVIcn$sII~,,aw $1* ~9 1 Zt S

Avoiding one;case of child ab~use $99435or neglectPreventing a low-4incorne~chiId $84i,$40

S Sfrom getting involvetrn ~ori~mePreventing a case of drug $45,91 7dependence or abuse

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Criminal Justice Costs

Source: National Institutes of Health Source: National Institutes of Health

Total Tangible Costs ofCrime by Crime Type

(thousands)MurderRapeAggravated AssaultRobberyArson

$ 1,278.4$ 41.2$ 19.5$ 21.4$ 16.4$ 10.5$ 8.0$ 6.1$ 5.5$ 5.3$ 5.0$ 4.8$ 3.5

Vehicle TheftStolen PropertyHousehold BurglaryEmbezzlementForgeryFraud

Total Intangible Costs ofCrime by Crime Type

(thousands)Murder $ 8,442.0Rape $ 199.6Aggravated Assault $ 95.0Robbery $ 22.6Arson $ 5.1Vehicle Theft $ 0.3Stolen Property $ -Household Burglary $ 0.3Embezzlement $Forgery $Fraud $Vandalism $tarceny/Theft $

VandalismLarceny/Theft

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Criminal Justice CostsProportion of General Fund Criminal Justice Spendingand Public Safety vs the Judiciary in FY15 (in millions)

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Criminal Justice FYiAppropriations

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appropriations increasedpercent increase in FYi 5, $7.2 million, or 4.7 percent $2.5 million, or 4.2 percent $6.8 million, or 2.5 percentCorrections Department,

$7.2 million, or 7.4 percentPublic Safety, and

fund$25.4 million, a 4.1including:for judicial agencies,for district attorneys,for the New Mexico

for the Department of

Total criminal justice general

$8.8 million for criminal justice employee salaryincreases.

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FYi 5 NMCD Overall Budget~ The majority of NMCDs appropriations areallocated to incarceration.

~ FYi S appropriations include an additional$2.8 million for projected inmate populationincreases.The Legislaturesalary increaseprobation and

~ Roughly Sto recidivism

provided a totalfor correctionalparole officers.

six percentofficers and

allocatedpercent of the budget isreduction programs.

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Corrections Department FYi 4Operating Budget~ The New Mexico Corrections

Appropriations: $292.6 million (all funds) Opened an $8.2 million private prison sexoffenderunit in Otero County

Consolidated the Community Offender ManagementProgram and the Community Corrections Program

Budget assumed $4 million in fines to privateprisons per NMCD request.

Department:

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NMCD FY14_Operating_BudgetFY14 Corrections Operating Budget $292.6 Million

CommunityOffender

Man ag ement(COM)9%/ Recidivism/ Reduction

ProgramsWithin COM/~ 1%Community

Corrections1%

ProgramSupport

5%

~Correctionsmd ustries

1%

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NMCD FY14 Operating BudgetFY14 Inmate Management and Control Budget

$24t7 Million

SpringerCo rrectional

Center30/~

Western NewMexico

Correctional ~Facility 45%

Southern_____New Mexico

CorrectionalFacility9% 10

History of NMCD General FundAppropriations

$150.0

$100.0

$50.0

NMCD General Fund Appropriations (FYO4-FYI 5)$350.0

$300.0

$250.0

$200.0

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Inmate PopulationTotal New Mexico Inmate Population (1980-2012) J~, s of l\/1 a rc h 3 1 2 0 1 4 :

~ 6,195 Males7,000 ~ 667 Females6,000 ~ Total Inmates 6,8625,000 ~ System Bed capacity4,000 7,5423,000 ~ Excess Bed capacity2,000 6801,000

8,000

1980 1990 2000 2010

Source: Bureau of Juatice Statiscics

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Inmate Population & CostsInmate Population to Felony

Case Filings23,500 $160.0

23,000 $140.0

22,500 $120.0

22,000 $100.0

21,500 $80.0

21,000 $60.0

20,500 $40.0

20,000 $20.0

19,500

19,000

Average Cost Per Inmate (1999-2013)

7,000

6,500

6,000

5,500

5,000

4,5002008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Court Felony Filings ~~lnmate Population

$-c~ ~~ c~

c~ rj9) rt5~ rj9 r~ q5~Total Private ~State Run

Source: NMCD

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Cost Per InmateDifferences in public andprivate prison costs aredue mostly to: Private prisons housemostly inexpensive low tomedium security inmates

Public prisons house manyexpensive higher securityinmates, geriatric inmates,and inmates with severemental illnesses

Corrections DepartmentAverage Cost Per Inmate I Client-Slot

FY01 and FY13 ComparisonFY01 Average FY13 Average CostAnnual Cost Annual Cost PerPer Innate! Per Innate! Day

Institution I Rogram Client-Slot Client-Slot (In $s)Total Departoant Operated Facilities $ 33,595 $ 40,931 $ 11214Private Pilsons (Ferrales) $ 24,480 $ 29,528 $ 80.90RivatePi1son(t~hles) 22,787 29,242 80.11Institution Totals $ 29,333 $ 35,631 $ 97.62

Coniii~nity Correclions $ 10,746 $ 1,539 $ 4.22Residential Treatnent Center Rograna (Fermles)Albuquerque $ 30,135 $ 82.56CC Residential Treatnent Center Prograna (~vtules)Los Lunas $ 22,197 $ 60.81Robation&Parole (Less ~P) $ 1,381 $ 2,678 $ 7.34Intensive Supervision Program $ 4,785 $ 7,206 $ 19.74Probation & ParolelCom m unity Corrections

8.17Totals $ 1,890 $ 2,984 $

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Recidivism CostsCostssubstantialtaxpayers and

~ Ninetyfivewill be released

recidivate are

specific expenses to victims.percent of incarcerated offenders

back into the community.offenders will return to

prison within five years.

of offenders whoand result in general expenses to

About 50 percent of

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Recidivism CostsCitizens of New Mexicopay costs of arresting,prosecuting, housing,rehabilitating andsupervising offendersmany times over.

FYi 1 3,440 inmatesreleased

~ At least 52% (1720) willreturn to prison

~ 4196(706) will returnonce

~ 2896(490) will returntwice

~ 1696(275) will returnthree times

~ 1496(249) will returnfour or more times

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FY11 Release Cohort Estimated Prison Costs Over 1 5 Years=$360 million

-I

17

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LI, ~ F~

~I~LQ 0-~

r~i ~ LI,

;~ c2__c5!D ~~-~?D

~1 -II

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-~-~-oC-)G)

Ca)0a)rJ

Year Post ReleaseEstimated Baseline Recidivism4~Projected Recidivism For Program Participants

EU)>

C-)a)a::Ca)C-)

0~

Estimated Impact of Intensive Supervision- With Treatment

Estimated Impact of In-Prison DrugTreatment

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

Year Post ReleaseEstimated Baseline Recidivism~~Projected Recidivism For Program Participants

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Results First: Current Program Cost Effectiveness

-14%El ectro nic mo nitoil ng

Education in Prison rug ours-12/o A -

~ CommunityDrug Treatment + Mental Health Courts

Vocational Ed ucation-10%

Drug Treatment in Prison.

.2 -8% IntensiveSupervision WithTreatment

~ CognitiveBehavioraiTherapy

~0/0E

Corrections Industries+

Employment Training

Intensive Supervision OnlyLI.. 0% A

2%Perp etrato rTreatment

4% A

6%~- _____________________________________________________$3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000

Cost per Participant

$0

Source: LFC Files

$1,000 $2,000

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Results First- What Works? What is

Cost Beneficial?Total Benefit to Cost Ratio By Program

Correctional Education inPrison (basic or post-...

Cognitive BehavioralPrograms in Prison

Correctional Industries inPrison

Vocational Education inPrison

Electronic monitoring*

Drug Treatment inCommunity*

Employment Training/JobAssistance in Community*

Mental Health Courts

Drug Treatment in Prison

Drug Courts (adults)Intensive Supervision:

Treatm ent*

$10 $15

C Non-Taxpayer Benefit to Cost Ratio

$20 $25 $30

IIr~ii,~

Intensive Supervision:Surveillance

Domestic ViolencePerpetrator Treatment..

($5) $0 $5

Taxpayer Benefit to Cost Ratio

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5 Expansion of What Works~ $3 million was appropriated to expand

reduction programming including: $1 .5 million for inmate education, estimated toreduce recidivism by almost 1 2 percent,

$750 thousand for behavioral health services, suchas cognitive behavioral therapy, estimated toreduce recidivism by seven percent, and

$750 thousand for community-based employmenttraining and education.

~ $950 thousand was appropriated to the AOC

FYi

recidivism

expanding drug courts

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FYi 5 Expansion of What Works

FY14 Drug Court Funding, Participation, and Performance

Number of Cost Per GeneralType Programs Capacity Participants Recidivism Client Per Day Fund BudgetAdult 17 531 427 21.2% $ 18.91 $ 3,282.8Juvenile 15 285 190 23.7% $ 31.69 $ 3,284.2Family Dependency 3 63 44 15.5% $ 34.88 $ 381.5DWI 7 387 353 6.4% $ 11.84 $ 1,183.1Mental Health 5 307 193 22.9% $ 15.61 $ 770.6Total 47 1,573 1,207 17.3% $ 19.84 $ 8,902.2

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FYi 5 Expansion of What WorksDrug Court Funding and Participant Levels FYO9-FY14

1200

1100

10000

a,900 2

U

08O0 ~a,

Ezz

700

12621247

$11,022

1225

1300

12000

11000

10000

9000LL

8000

z

7000

975

$8,492$8,030

6000

$7,574

FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14600

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Cost Saving Opportunities:ln-4-iouse Parole~ Roughly 290 inmates arecurrently placed on in 140house parole (IHP)

~ IHP is estimated to cost 120the state $10.3 million in 100FY14

~ IHP is due to: 80 Administrative issues 60causing parole hearings tobe canceled 40

A lack of community 20resources for parolees, and

Inmates not participating WaitingforParole Inmatesnotin the parole process Certification Participating

Reasons for In-House Parole

Waiting for CommunityResources

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IHP and Residential TreatmentCenters~ Lacking community based resources,caseworkers: Are unable to develop adequate parole plans, and Are unable to release inmates ontime

~ IHP costs $99.31 per inmate per day Dismas House costs $30 per day per resident IHP money could be reallocated to develop andexpand less costly communitybased resources

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Opportunities for Savings FromMedicaid ExpansionMedicaid will now payhospital care after the New Hampshire projectsfrom 2014- 2020

Ohio projects savings of2022;

for inmates inpatientfirst 24 hours of care:savings of $22 million

$273 million from 2014 Michigan expects to save $250 million Overyears; and,

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New Mexico, with a smaller inmate population,could save as much as $1 5$30 million over 10years.

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Opportunities for Savings FromMedicaid Expansion Cont.~ Many behavioral health services provided bythe probation and parole division with 1 00%state funds will now be covered by Medicaidwhich could save as much as $2 million peryear.

~ Wraparound behavioral health services suchas inpatient rehab will not be covered.

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Alternative Recidivism Reduction~ The 1 St District Attorney is implementing aLaw Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD)program in Santa Fe County. The LEAD is aharm-reduction program run and funded bythe district attorney, city and countygovernments focused on opiate addicts. Theprogram is expected to serve up to 1 00clients and will reduce the number of inmatedays at the Santa Fe County jail by 11 ,SOOover the next three years.

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ConclusionPrison

~ Costsenvironment

in current fiscalin aggregate (about 10% of

rise

budget)Very high

Compromised~ Opportunities tosafety through

per offenderpublic safety

reduce costs and increaseresults focused policies and

population and costs continue tomanageable

cost per offenderSignificant repeat costs

budgeting

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Performance Report CardCorrections Department

Second Quarter, Fiscal Year 2014

Performance Overview: To address elevated vacancy rates for FY15, the Legislature provided a 3 percent salaryincrease for all state employees and appropriated an additional $2.7 million to provide another 3 percent salaryincrease for correctional and probation and parole officers. All recidivism-related measures were off target andshould remain an area of concem. In the future, if recidivism rates do not decrease the state will continue growingthe inmate population, incarceration expenses will continue to increase, and public safety will decrease. A partialexplanation for increases is that the department has been conducting proactive probation supervision initiatives incommunities and is arresting large numbers of parole violators. For FY15, the Legislature appropriated $3million to begin reducing the rate of recidivism and to reduce exponential growth in the inmate population. Forthe remainder of the year, the department should continue to balance public safety with resource constraints byfocusing on offenders that pose the greatest risks to the community.Inmate Management Budget: FTE: FY12 FY13 FY14 Q1 Q2 Q3 Ratingand Control $241,764.8 1,870 Actual Actual Target1 Percent ofprisoners re-incarcerated within 36 months* 47% 47% 44% 48% 48% e

Number of inmate on inmate assaults with senous mjury 21 16 18 3 5 (32 (cumulative)*~ Number of inmate on staff assaults with senous injury 4 2 3 V(cumulative) *

Percent of inmates testing positive for drug use or refissmg 1.7% 2.2%

Performance Report CardCorrections Department

Second Quarter, Fiscal Year 2014

should also be reprioritized to focus on high-risk offenders.

Budget: FTE: FY12 FY13 FY14Program Support $14,274.5 155 Actual Actual Target Qi Q2 Q3 Rating12 Percenttumoverofprobationandparoleofficers 13.4% 14.7% 12.0% 3.4% 2.8%

13 Percent turnover of coffectional officers in public facilities 10.6% 8.1% 11.0% 1.0% 3.1%

Program Rating GComments: Program support is performing well and should continue maintaining low turnover rates.

* Denotes House Bill 2 measure

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