LHC Status and Start-Up

LHC Status and Start-Up

Steve Myers

(Accelerators and Beams Department)

S. Myers LEMIC 24th October 2006 2

LHC Commissioning SequenceMachine is closed (Aug 07)

Hardware commissioning needed for 450GeV plus maximum possible for 7TeV

Nov/Dec 2007: Beam operation with collisions at 450 GeV

Shutdown: Finish hardware commissioning and installation of some delayed

equipment for 7 TeV (e.g. some collimators).

LHC commissioning for 7 TeV physics.

LHC Operation


QRLQRL finished well before end of 2006finished well before end of 2006

Last magnetsLast magnets through SM18 before end of 2006through SM18 before end of 2006 Activity continues in 2007 for sparesActivity continues in 2007 for spares

Sector 7Sector 7--8 cold8 cold before end of 2006before end of 2006 TI8 beam tests in 2006 cancelledTI8 beam tests in 2006 cancelled

Last magnetLast magnet lowered March 2007lowered March 2007

VacuumVacuum closed August 2007closed August 2007

Engineering runEngineering run in 2007in 2007

Targets


Preparation for Physics (baseline in parenthesis)

• Cabling• Tracing and aligning• Cryoline (QRL)• Magnet Transport (24/week 18MB + 6 SSS)

• Cryo instruments, QP controls, Vac controls• Magnet Interconnections (24/week 2 sectors in parallel)

• Global leak Test (2 weeks)

• Closure and consolidation (6 weeks)

• Cool down (8 weeks)

• Powering tests (10-13 weeks)

• Global Cold Check-out (4 weeks)

• Beam Commissioning (13 weeks)

• Physics!!! (forever)

Installation

Hardware Commissioning by sector

Beam Commissioning

March 2007

2007


Topics

1. Procurement, Installationand Hardware Commissioning

2. 450 GeV Run

3. Hardware Commissioning in 2008

4. Physics at 7 TeV in 2008



First Arc Electric Feedbox (DFB) in the tunnel


1000th Dipole Installed (sep 5)





Cryomagnets interconnect in the tunnel


Electrical quality control in the tunnel


Summary Status of Installation

– QRL: 7 Sectors ready – pressure test of sector 1-2 scheduled on October 28th

– Magnet transport: 804 MB, 233 Arc SSS and 54 S4 in place today (planning: 791 MB, 234 Arc SSS and 56 S4 end of August)

on track to get all magnets in place by March 2007

– Interconnection: 3 cold sub-sectors completed in 7-8, nominal rate consolidated

expect sector 7-8 closed by mid-November

– 2006 objective: cool-down Sector 7-8 by the end of the year


Installation of First Cavity (Aug 23 2006)

Acceleration System


Photo 0903

Tunnel installation

• All main RF equipment now installed in the tunnel at point 4 having been fully tested and vacuum conditioned on the surface

- 400 MHz accelerating cavities - 16 cavities in 4 modules, 2 per beam.

- Transverse damping kickers - 16 electrostatic deflectors, 8 per beam - Longitudinal monitors – 6 wideband coaxial line monitors

• Alignment is in progress, beam tube vacuum connections in one month.

• Cryogenic, cable and waveguide connections still to come.

• Power amplifiers for dampers (installed under kickers) for early 2007.

On target for 450 GeV run


RF Infrastructure • Waveguide platform installed• High voltage bunkers in place• Faraday cages for sensitive electronics in place and equipped.• Control racks in place• Water and electric systems to be completed

On target for 450 GeV run


MKI (injection kickers): all 4 series magnets in LSS8R installed; bake-out/commissioning now starting; generator installation practically completed; magnets for LSS2L to be completed and installed; including generators; early 2007.

MKD (extraction kickers): all 30 series magnets + spares built and tested; installation of supports ongoing; soon followed by installation of the ceramic vacuum chambers; all generators built and installation ongoing; commissioning starting in December 2006.

MKB (dliution kickers): all 4 tanks (comprising in total 4 MKBH + 4 MKBV magnets) of first batch built and tested; first 2 to be installed now; all generators built and being tested; staged equipment under construction.

MKQA (A and aperture measurement kickers): prototype generator built and tested; series generators now being built; series magnets construction to be launched soon.

TCDS/Q (extraction septum/Q4 protection devices): all 8 series tanks installed in LSS6L and R; TCDQM (masks downstream of TCDQ): support structures delivered, to be installed by end October; components for marks to be delivered by end of October, followed by assembly; installation by end of the year.

LBDS (coordination overall beam dumping system): both beam dumps installed, including ventilation system and most of the shielding, both dump vacuum lines being installed; for MKD, MKB, TCDS/Q/M pls. see above, MSD installation towards the end to ease access onto and across the bridge in IP6.

LTI (coordination transfer lines and injections): TI 8 installation completed, line tested up to last 120 m, to be re-commissioned with beam in summer 2007, installation of LSS8R injection system nearly completed, TI 2 upstream installed and commissioned up to near PMI2, TI 2 downstream to be installed during April - August 2007, beam tests in October 2007.


TCDQ



TCDS



MKI (injection kickers): all 4 series magnets in LSS8R installed; bake-out/commissioning now

starting; generator installation practically completed; magnets for LSS2L to be completed and installed;

including generators; early 2007.


Controls Status• The installation work in the tunnel proceeds along the schedule without

major concerns.

• For the interface between the experiments and the control system. This concerns the BIC system and the timing system (GMT and BST). We can say that all required interfaces are currently discussed and soon finalized in the scope of the LEADE meetings.

• The CCC controls infrastructure is installed and ready for the LHC operation (Application servers, File servers, consoles, big screens on the wall, video distribution, ...).

• Hardware Commissioning , i.e. Cool down of a complete sector, is the next upcoming milestone. Installations are ready and most control software is ready for testing.

• The LSA project is well underway. Work agreements AB-CO--- AB-OP have been found. We are facing a permanent scope creep with the addition of extra high priority work (Machine critical settings, complex sequencing, role based access for controls security), which in turn will lower the effort on other applications. The situation has not changed significantly from the past, despite all corrective measures we will be very short, but we will make it.


Power Converters InstallationRR13/UJ13: completeRR17/UJ17: starting, (0/62)UA23: not installed (0/81 )UA27: complete UJ33: not installed (0/80 )UA43: completeUA47: completeRR53: completeRR57: completeUSC55: completeUA63: completeUA67: completeRR73: complete RR77: completeUA83/UJ83: completeUA87/UJ87: complete

Completion of installation before the end of 2006

745 / 968 are installed

Orbit correctors converters (752; +-60A,+-8V) will installed under the dipole magnets at the last

moment.


Short Circuit Test :Pt 1: 50% (1L complete, RR13 {47}, UJ14 {15}, 62/124 tested)Pt 2: 0%, 0/162 tested Pt 3: 0%, 0/80 testedPt 4: 97% (complete except for wigglers, 110/114 converters tested)Pt 5: 50% {5L complete, RR53 {47}, USC55 {15}, 62/124 tested)Pt 6: 0%, 0/96 testedPt 7: 33% (7R complete, RR77 {34}, 34/)Pt 8: 100%, 162/162 tested Experiments and surface building converters not included above. Next Short Circuits Tests: Oct 2006 : UA63, UJ63 (Pt 6L) {42, 6}Nov 2006 : RR57, UJ56 (Pt 5R) {47, 15}

Total ready for Hardware commissioning :

430 / 960 not including closed orbit converters

Power Converter Testing


LHC Power Converters

Number of Converters: 1720Total Current :1860 kA

Underground volume 1700 m3

SR volume 300 m3

Number of Converters: 1720Total Current :1860 kA

Underground volume 1700 m3

SR volume 300 m3


Power Converter Tolerances for LHCPower Converter Tolerances for LHC

Precision Control

Circuit Nominal Current One Year One day 1/2 hour ResolutionType Current Polarity Accuracy Reproducibility Stability

(A) (ppm of Inominal) (ppm of Inominal) (ppm of Inominal) (ppm of Inominal)

Main Bends, Main Quads13000

Unipolar ± 50 ± 20 with calibration

± 10 ± 3 1

Inner triplet 8000/ 6000

Unipolar ± 100 ± 20 with calibration?

± 20 ± 10 15

Dispersion suppressor6000

Unipolar ± 70 ± 10 ± 5 15

Insertion quadrupoles6000

Unipolar ± 70 ± 10 ± 5 15

Separators (D1,D2,D3,D4)6000

Unipolar ± 70 ± 10 ± 5 15

Trim quadrupoles600

Bipolar ± 200 ± 50 ± 10 30

SSS correctors600

Bipolar ± 200 ± 50 ± 10 30

Spool pieces600

Bipolar ± 200 ± 50 ± 10 30

Orbit correctors 120/60 Bipolar ± 1000 ± 100 ± 50 30


Main dipole converter for sector 7-8


Beam Instrumentation (BI)


BI: High Multiplicity Instruments

BLM

BPM

Device

85 built

Production started

50 CFC + 180 Acq. built

Production started

1120 built

(800 fully tested)

Full production rate

200 built

(pre-series)

Production started

~ 650 cold

~ 100 warm

Small delay with some warm PUs

Status of construction

Will be on-time~ 2000DAB card (VME)

Network infrastructure OK

Will be on-time

~ 750 CFC

~ 400 Acq.

Electronics (CFC and Acq.)

On-time

Beginning

~ 3800Ionization chambers

Network infrastructure OK Will be on-time

~ 4500 eachElectronics

(WBTN and Integrator)

Localized delays

Will be ~ on-time

~ 850 cold

~ 200 warm

Pick Ups

Status of installationMultiplicityComponent

BLM

BPM

Device

85 built

Production started

50 CFC + 180 Acq. built

Production started

1120 built

(800 fully tested)

Full production rate

200 built

(pre-series)

Production started

~ 650 cold

~ 100 warm

Small delay with some warm PUs


Will be on-time~ 2000DAB card (VME)

Network infrastructure OK

Will be on-time

~ 750 CFC

~ 400 Acq.

Electronics (CFC and Acq.)

On-time

Beginning

~ 3800Ionization chambers

Network infrastructure OK Will be on-time

~ 4500 eachElectronics

(WBTN and Integrator)

Localized delays

Will be ~ on-time

~ 850 cold

~ 200 warm

Pick Ups



BI: Individual Instruments (1/2)

Will be on-timeBeing finalizedElectronics

On-time

Beginning

~ ready2Mechanics/OpticsBSRT(Synch. light monitors)

On-time

Beginning

4 ready

+ 4 next months

8MechanicsBWS(Wire scanners)

Will be on-timePrototypes tested

Production starting

8Electronics

Some delay

Will be ~ on-time

Tanks & magnets ready

Windows for end 2006

4/8Mechanics/MagnetsBGI(Gas Ionization Monitors)

BBQ (Tune etc.)

BCT

Device

Prototypes tested (PLL tune tracking worked in SPS)

Slight delays

Design started

5 DCCTs ready

10 Fast BCTs ready


Will be on-timeSmallElectronics

Will be ~ on-timeSmallPUs + kickers

Will be on-timeElectronics

On-time; inst. starting


4 DCCT

8 Fast BCTs

Transformers


Will be on-timeBeing finalizedElectronics

On-time

Beginning

~ ready2Mechanics/OpticsBSRT(Synch. light monitors)

On-time

Beginning

4 ready

+ 4 next months

8MechanicsBWS(Wire scanners)

Will be on-timePrototypes tested

Production starting

8Electronics

Some delay

Will be ~ on-time

Tanks & magnets ready

Windows for end 2006

4/8Mechanics/MagnetsBGI(Gas Ionization Monitors)

BBQ (Tune etc.)

BCT

Device

Prototypes tested (PLL tune tracking worked in SPS)

Slight delays

Design started

5 DCCTs ready

10 Fast BCTs ready


Will be on-timeSmallElectronics

Will be ~ on-timeSmallPUs + kickers

Will be on-timeElectronics



4 DCCT

8 Fast BCTs

Transformers



BI: Individual Instruments (2/2)

Beginning

Will be on-time

In construction (LARP for IP1 & 5, LETI for IP2 & 8)

4 (IP1 & 5)

4 (IP2 & 8)

MechanicsBRAN(Luminosity Monitors)

Will be on-time in IP1 & 5

Uncertain in IP2 & 8

Proto. under test (IP1 & 5)

Under design (IP2 & 8)

Electronics

BQS(Schottky)

BTV(Screens)

Device

In construction (LARP)

~ ready

Fully built

26 ready


Will be on-time4Electronics

On-time for phase 14PUs

On-timeElectronics

12 installed / 14 soon

Beginning

35 Mechanics


Beginning

Will be on-time

In construction (LARP for IP1 & 5, LETI for IP2 & 8)

4 (IP1 & 5)

4 (IP2 & 8)

MechanicsBRAN(Luminosity Monitors)

Will be on-time in IP1 & 5

Uncertain in IP2 & 8

Proto. under test (IP1 & 5)

Under design (IP2 & 8)

Electronics

BQS(Schottky)

BTV(Screens)

Device

In construction (LARP)

~ ready

Fully built

26 ready


Will be on-time4Electronics

On-time for phase 14PUs

On-timeElectronics

12 installed / 14 soon

Beginning

35 Mechanics



Summary of Hardware Commissioning Goals

• During 2007: fully commission 4 sectors and partially commission other 4– Hand over machine to operations 1st Nov.2007

• During 2008: (re)commission all sectors to 100% in the first 3 months.– Hand over machine to operations on 1st April 2008


NeedNeed to to allocateallocate 4 4 weeksweeks for for thethe powerpower tests tests ofof SectorSector 11--22

NeedNeed to to allocateallocate periodsperiods for for thethe commissioningcommissioning ofof thethe accessaccess systemsystem

Planning end 2007

Full Machine Checkout

Beam commissioning to 450 GeV & Engineering run

Access Control System – Global Test

20

07

Full Machine Checkout

Beam commissioning to 450 GeV & Engineering run

Access Control System – Global Test

20

07


450 GeV Run• Fastest Safe Path to low intensity collisions

– Commission essential safety systems– Commission essential beam instrumentation– Commission essential hardware systems– Perform measurements to check:

• Polarities and R1/R2 anomalies• Aperture• Field characteristics

• Skip non-essential– Mop up in interleafed MD

• Could also do in MD:– First part of ramp *****– Get a handle on reproducibility etc.


0

14000

-3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000

Time [s]

MB

curre

nt

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

B [T

]

RAMP DOWNSTART RAMP

PHYSICS

PREPAREPHYSICS

BEAM DUMP

PREINJECTIONPLATEAU

INJECTION

T0 Tinj

SQUEEZE

PHYSICS

LHC operational cycle

Ramp down 18 Mins

Pre-I njection Plateau 15 Mins

I njection 15 Mins

Ramp 28 MinsSqueeze 5 Mins

Prepare Physics 10 MinsPhysics 10 - 20 Hrs


450 GeV Phases

Phase1 First turn

2 Establish circulating beam

3 450 GeV – initial

4a 450 GeV - consolidation

4b 450 GeV – system commissioning

5a Two beam operations

5b Collisions

6 Increase intensity


First Turn

Team Sub-phaseTotal Timeboth rings

Priority450 GeVCollisions

BT/OP

Commission TI8 & TI2 end transfer line,Commission injection region: kickers, septa,check aperture, instrumentation, beam toTDI.

24 1 Essential

OP/BICommission trajectory acquisition andcorrection, thread beam - first turn, energymatching

48 1 Essential

BICommission Beam Loss Monitor systemphase 1

12 1 Parasitic

OP/APOrbit response, kicks, trajectory,BPM and corrector polarity checks

24 1 Essential

OP Initial aperture checks 16 1 Leave

OP Momentum aperture 6 1 Leave

COL Setting up of injection machine protection 12 2 Leave

6 days 4 days

Commissioning for 7 TeV 450 GeV


Circulating beam

Sub-phaseTotal Timeboth rings


OP/APAdjust chromaticity, close trajectory,establish multiple turns, obtain closedorbit

24 1 Essential

OP/RFEnergy matching and correction, B-sps, f-lhc, B-lhc - both rings, RF capture

32 1 Essential

OP/APMeasure integer tunes, fractional tunes,phase advance per turn

16 1 Essential

3 days 3 days


450 GeV - initial



RFBeam control loops (Phase, Synchro, Radial). Tuner loop, RF Feedback loop. Synchronisation

24 1 Essential

OP/APTest control and correction (corrector polarities, cabling, control system, software, procedures …). Measure & correct orbit.

16 1 Essential

OP/BICommission transverse diagnostics - tune measurement [FFT]. Measure and adjust tunes, chromaticity, and coupling.

16 1 Essential

OP/APLinear optics checks: check orbit versus kick, phase advance, BPM and corrector polarity.

24 1 MD

BICommission beam loss monitors - acquisition, display etc. No connection to BIC for the moment.

12 1 Parasitic

BT Commission beam dump - phase 1 24 1 Essential

BI Commission BCTs: lifetime measurement - 1 Parasitic

MPSCommission beam interlock system with beam - phase 1. BIC to dump with beam. Test.

8 1 Essential

5 days 3 days


Measurements



BT Matching between TI8/TI2 and ring. Pilots. 8 2 Leave

AP/OPMeasure beta beating. Identify and correctlocal sources of phase advance errors.

16 1 Do

MA/OPCheck key transfer functions (separationdipoles etc.)

16 1 Later [MD]

AP/OPMechanical aperture checks. Bumps – checkthe aperture in the cold machine

16 1 Essential

OP/MA Field quality checks. Check design fields,field harmonics, fields due to offsetsbetween beam and magnet

16 1 ≤ b3

OP Momentum aperture 8 2 Do

OP IR bumps, check aperture in IRs 8 1 Leave

OP/AP Reproducibility after cycling machine. Effect ofmagnetic cycle, reproducibility, field model

16 1 Leave

BI/AP Quench levels and BLM response 24 2 Leave

5 days 1-2 days


System commissioningTeam Sub-phase

Total Timeboth rings


RF Loop adjustment 8 1 Do

RF Transverse damper 8 2 Leave

RF Longitudinal feedback 8 1 Leave

BI Transverse profile monitors 8 2 Parasitic

BICommission beam loss monitors - phase 2,calibration, thresholds. Commission theBLM's around the collimators. Link to BIC

16 1 Parasitic

BI Tune - PLL 16 1 Do

OP Closed orbit feedback 16 1 Do later

COLAdjustment of collimators, orbit stabilization,test positioning procedures, beam lossmonitors.

36 1Essential for

Intensityincrease

BT TDI. Position, angle, interlocks 8 1 Essential

BT TCDQ orbit at 6, position, angle, interlocks 16 1 Essential

MPS FMCM 4 1 Do

MPSTest Safe LHC Parameters: Safe Beam Flag,Beam Presence Flag, Safe LHC mode, SafeEnergy, Safe Squeezing Factor

8 1Essential

(plus parasitic)

7 days 2-3 days


2 beam operation

Team Sub-phase Total Time Priority450 GeVCollisions

OP SPS - switch rings - TI8/TI2 in parallel – LHC injection 8 1 Parasitic

OP/BTCommission separation bumps. Closure of bumps.Check aperture. Check injection region.

16 1 Essential

OP/AP Effect of bumps - dispersion, non-closure 8 2 Leave

BIBeam parameters: Q split, Q' split, coupling, Beam instrumentation: BLMs, BPMs cross talk etc.

8 1 Do

OPControl system: real-time feedback, orbit correction,orthogonality etc., energy matching - 2 rings

8 1 Do

2 days 1 Day


Colliding beams

Team Sub-phaseTotalTime

Priority

OPSeparation bump reduction, check interaction with orbitfeedback: points 1,2,5 & 8. Establish collisions

4*8 Essential

BICommission luminosity monitors (v. low interaction

rates)8 Parasitic

COL Collimation setup -Optimisati

on

OPCommission spectrometer compensation (compensation

at450 GeV?). Bring solenoids on.

2*8 Essential

2 days 1-2 days


Time

PhaseBeam time

[days]

1 First turn 4

2 Establish circulating beam 3

3 450 GeV – initial 3

4a 450 GeV - consolidation 1-2

4b 450 GeV – system commissioning 2-3

5a 2 beam operations 1

5b Collisions 1-2

16 days

Given an operational efficiency of 60%, this gives an elapsed time of about 26 days.


31 Days!!


1.6 10136.2 10121.7 10128.6 1011intensity per beam

1.1.45.12.06beam energy (MJ)

65102.80.7event rate 1 1 5 (kHz)

701130.8W rate 2 1 5 (per 24h)

71.10.30.08Z rate 3 1 5 (per 24h)

1.6 10302.6 10297 10282 1028Luminosity 1 5

11111111* 1 5 (m)

10442ib (1010)

1561564343Kb

1.6 10136.2 10121.7 10128.6 1011intensity per beam

1.1.45.12.06beam energy (MJ)

65102.80.7event rate 1 1 5 (kHz)

701130.8W rate 2 1 5 (per 24h)

71.10.30.08Z rate 3 1 5 (per 24h)

1.6 10302.6 10297 10282 1028Luminosity 1 5

11111111* 1 5 (m)

10442ib (1010)

1561564343Kb

1. Assuming 900GeV inelastic cross section 40mb2. Assuming 900GeV cross section W → lν 0.5nb3. Assuming 900GeV cross section Z → ll 50pb

Installation

Hardware CommissioningShutdown

Engineering Run

450GeV

Hardware Commissioning

450GeV

Installation

Hardware CommissioningShutdown

Engineering Run

450GeV

Hardware Commissioning

450GeV

Collisions 450GeV

Ramp commissioning

Beam commissioningBeam commissioning

450GeV450GeV

Machine checkoutMachine checkout

450GeV450GeV

Collisions 450GeV

Ramp commissioning

Beam commissioningBeam commissioning

450GeV450GeV

Machine checkoutMachine checkout

450GeV450GeV


0

14000

-3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000

Time [s]

MB

curre

nt

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

B [T

]

RAMP DOWNSTART RAMP

PHYSICS

PREPAREPHYSICS

BEAM DUMP

PREINJECTIONPLATEAU

INJECTION

T0 Tinj

SQUEEZE

PHYSICS

LHC operational cycle

Ramp down 18 Mins

Pre-I njection Plateau 15 Mins

I njection 15 Mins

Ramp 28 MinsSqueeze 5 Mins

Prepare Physics 10 MinsPhysics 10 - 20 Hrs


Staged commissioning plan for protons

25ns

ops

Install Phase II and MKB

25ns ops II

75ns ops43 bunch operation

Beam commissioning

Machine checkout

Hardware commissioning

Stage I II III

No beam Beam

IV

I. Pilot physics run– First collisions– 43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities– Push performance (156 bunches, partial squeeze in 1 and 5, push

intensity)

II. 75ns operation – Establish multi-bunch operation, moderate intensities– Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle)– Push squeeze and crossing angle

III. 25ns operation I– Nominal crossing angle– Push squeeze– Increase intensity to 50% nominal

IV. 25ns operation II– Push towards nominal performance

Beam


0.240.241.2 101.2 1032322.12.11.1 101.1 1033331571571.4 101.4 101414115 105 10101028082808

0.150.157.9 107.9 1031310.720.723.8 103.8 1032321261261.1 101.1 101414224 104 10101028082808

0.240.241.2 101.2 1032321.11.15.9 105.9 1032321571571.4 101.4 1014142255 1010101028082808

0.150.152.6 102.6 103131<< 1<< 12.4 102.4 10313142423.7 103.7 10131311114 104 101010936936

0.150.152.6 102.6 1031310.730.731.3 101.3 10323242423.7 103.7 101313224 104 101010936936

0.150.154.4 104.4 1030300.760.762.2 102.2 103131776.2 106.2 101212224 104 101010156156

0.150.151.2 101.2 103030<< 1<< 11.1 101.1 103030221.7 101.7 10121211114 104 1010104343

Rates in 2 (and 8)Rates in 2 (and 8)Rates in 1 and 5Rates in 1 and 5Beam levelsBeam levelsParametersParameters

0.150.15

Events/Events/

crossingcrossing

1.2 101.2 1030300.760.766.1 106.1 103030221.7 101.7 101212224 104 1010104343

LuminosityLuminosity

(cm(cm--22ss--11))

Events/Events/

crossingcrossing


(cm(cm--22ss--11))

EEbeambeam

(MJ)(MJ)

IIbeambeam

protonproton* 1,5* 1,5

(m)(m)

NNkkbb

0.240.241.2 101.2 1032322.12.11.1 101.1 1033331571571.4 101.4 101414115 105 10101028082808

0.150.157.9 107.9 1031310.720.723.8 103.8 1032321261261.1 101.1 101414224 104 10101028082808

0.240.241.2 101.2 1032321.11.15.9 105.9 1032321571571.4 101.4 1014142255 1010101028082808

0.150.152.6 102.6 103131<< 1<< 12.4 102.4 10313142423.7 103.7 10131311114 104 101010936936

0.150.152.6 102.6 1031310.730.731.3 101.3 10323242423.7 103.7 101313224 104 101010936936

0.150.154.4 104.4 1030300.760.762.2 102.2 103131776.2 106.2 101212224 104 101010156156

0.150.151.2 101.2 103030<< 1<< 11.1 101.1 103030221.7 101.7 10121211114 104 1010104343

Rates in 2 (and 8)Rates in 2 (and 8)Rates in 1 and 5Rates in 1 and 5Beam levelsBeam levelsParametersParameters

0.150.15

Events/Events/

crossingcrossing

1.2 101.2 1030300.760.766.1 106.1 103030221.7 101.7 101212224 104 1010104343


(cm(cm--22ss--11))

Events/Events/

crossingcrossing


(cm(cm--22ss--11))

EEbeambeam

(MJ)(MJ)

IIbeambeam

protonproton* 1,5* 1,5

(m)(m)

NNkkbb

Possible Beam Parameter Evolution at 7TeV/beam

Considered to be an all-out maximum with the hardware as installed


Summary

• LHC is approaching completion.

• LHC commissioning is prepared (in detail.)

• 450 GeV collisions run in 2007.

• LHC collisions at 7 TeV in 2008 (possible

luminosities, around 1033 cm-2 s-1).

– Finalised plan after the 450 GeV run

• More physics

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LHC Status and Start-Up

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