Li-ion Battery Development for ESS Applications

Jim Cherng, ph. D. Chief Executive Officer

Amita Tech. Corp.

2015/10/15

Content

• Roles of ESS in future power system

• Li-ion Battery for Various Applications

• Major Lithium Power Battery Systems for ESS

– NMC cell Characteristics

– LFP cell Characteristics

– LTO cell Characteristics

• Summary

Roles of ESS in Green Power System

• Energy storage system can capture and store the intermittent power for renewable energy sources, e.g. solar and winmill

• Energy storage system can provide the emergency power for unstable grid supply, e.g. DC-UPS

• Energy storage system can supply more flexibility and balancing to the grid

• Energy storage system can reduce the electric transportation loss, e.g. micro-grid

Global Warming

Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Energy Storage for

Renewable Energy

City Congestion

Battery: An electrochemical reactor, in which the electron exchanges between oxidizing reactants and reducing reactants are accomplished through external circuits instead of direct contacts.

Battery Type

• Primary battery: for one time use, Ex. Alkaline batteries, dry cells, lithium button cells.

• Secondary battery: rechargeable, Ex. lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries, etc.

Item Lead-

Acid

battery

Ni-Cd

battery

Ni-H battery Li-Ion

battery

Vanadium

ion flow

battery

Normal Voltage

(V)

2.0 1.2 1.2 2.4~3.7 1.4V

Volume Energy

Density(WH/L)

60~75 125~134 131~139 200~500 20~30

Weight Energy

Density

(WH/KG)

32~39 41~44 46~49 100~300 20~30

High-rate Discharge

Performance

1C

capacity

declined

much

1C

capacity

declined

least

2~3C

capacity

declined a little

~20C capacity

declined a

little

<1C

Self-Discharge

(%/month)

20 100 50 1~3 >20

Cycle life 200~300 ＞500 ＞500 500~10,000 ~20,000

Memory Effect none yes minor none none

Power Battery Systems

180 190

4000

PHET 1.2AhPHET 1.2AhEE--one 2.8Ahone 2.8Ah

PHET 10AhPHET 10Ah

A123 2.3AhA123 2.3Ah

GP 1.1Ah GP 1.1Ah

Toshiba LTO SCiBToshiba LTO SCiB

Amita 5AhAmita 5Ah

Sanyo 2.0AhSanyo 2.0Ah

藍點：藍點：LiFePOLiFePO44 或或 LiMPOLiMPO

44

红點：红點：LiMnLiMn22OO44 或或 LiMnLiMn

22OO44+LiNiCoMnO+LiNiCoMnO2 2 或或 LiNiCoMnOLiNiCoMnO

22

綠點綠點::負極為負極為LiLi44TiTi

55OO1212

170160140130

Sanyo 1.5AhSanyo 1.5Ah

PSI 10Ah PSI 10Ah

Source: 工研院材化所整理2009.09

Bench Mark of Power BatteriesBench Mark of Power Batteries

ii--MiEV 50Ah MiEV 50Ah

100 11070 80

Altair Nano LTOAltair Nano LTO

Tesla Motor 2.2AhTesla Motor 2.2Ah

BMW & LUXGENBMW & LUXGEN

2.0Ah2.0Ah

Amita 20Ah Amita 20Ah

A123 20AhA123 20Ah Amita 10Ah Amita 10Ah

Amita 8.2AhAmita 8.2Ah

Amita has the high energy lead while keeping a good power, safety, and cycle life.

Amita Battery Applications

Application

17 Automation Line Cell & Module Battery Packs Storage System

Price of Lithium

Power Battery

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

600

1,200

1,800

2,400

單位：

USD / Kwh

350 USD

/Kwh

1,200 USD

/Kwh

全自動化生產

線 量產規模 新材料的研發 新應用

日本NEDO預

估

400 USD

/Kwh

550 USD

/Kwh

900 USD /Kwh

台灣拓墣預估

此時一輛EV的電池模

組價格18,000 USD

(900Kwh*20，假設

配備20Kwhr鋰電池)

2016

此時一輛EV的電池

模組價格11,000

USD

(550 Kwh*20，假設

配備20Kwhr鋰電池)

此時一輛EV的電池

模組價格8,000 USD

(400 Kwh*20，假設

配備20Kwhr鋰電池)

2012? 2008 2015?

Power Tool

~0.1 M KWh Taiwan

0.8 M KWh

1% New Car

~1400M KWh

Energy Storage

System

>10 times of EV

Green Energy World Wide

~14M KWh

1990-2001 2003 2006

3 C Market, Mature &

Low Profit

Renewable Energy Market, Huge

Potential & Eco Friendly

2009 2010

China

~30M KWh

1X

10X 100X 1000X

Efficiency Leader—Li Battery

Negative,Liy-C6

Li

charge

discharge

Li

Positive,LixCoO2

DISCHARGING

CHARGING

xexLiCoOxLiLiCoO 2)1(2充電

放電

正極反應

66 CxLixexLiC 充電

放電

負極反應

Microporous

film

Cathode

electrode

Anode

electrode

Laminated

aluminum bag

+ -

Inside of the laminated

aluminum bag

鋁柄 Aluminum Tab

鎳柄 Nickel tab

2011, Taipei Power Forum, 319-E1

2011, Taipei Power Forum, 319-E1

Lithium Battery System(+/-) NMC(/C+Si) LiFePO4 (/C+Si) LiMn2O4

/LTO

Working Voltage (V) ◎

3.7

○

3.2

△

2.4

Energy Density (Wh/Kg) ◎

(160~200)

○

(120~140)

△

(80~90)

100% SOC Cycle Life ○

(>3000)

○

(>5000)

◎

(>10,000)

Power Density △ ◎ ○

High T Performance ◎ ○ ◎

Safety △ ○ ◎

Mass Production Cost ○ △ △

Applications Portable Fixed location

Lithium Power Batteries for ESS

RD Precision Equipment

材料測試分析驗證

PH Meter BET Specific Surface Area Analyzer

Optical Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope

AC Impedance Meter

Tap Density Meter Particle Size Analyzer Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy

Cell Charge/Discharge Profile

Charge & Discharge Curve

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Capacity ,mAh

Voltag

e , V

LTO-Charge

LTO-Discharge

LFP-Charge

LFP-Discharge

NMC-Charge

NMC-Discharge

Cycle Life of NMC cell

Life cycle @ RT

Charge : CC-CV: 10.0A – 4.20V to 500mA cut off ;

Discharge : 10.0A to 2.8V ; Temperature : 25℃

( 100% = 10000mAh )

Cycle Life of LFP cell

Life cycle @ RT-simulation module cell

Charge : CC-CV: 7.5A – 3.65V to 375mA cut off ;

Discharge : 7.5A to 2.5V ; Temperature : 25℃

Degradation rate 3%/1000 cycles

Cycle Life of LTO cell

Cycle Test (RT)

LTO cell (7799130LT) Cycle Charcteristic(25℃)

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400

Cycle No.

Cap

acity R

emai

n R

atio

, %

Degradation rate 2.65%/1000 cycles

Charge Profile

CC 2.7V Cap(%)

Discharge Profile

Safety Test Lab

安全品質保証

10

Summary

• According to various ESS demand, specific cell and pack design are needed to achieve desirable performance

• LFP and NMC cells are already used in various ESS systems

• LTO cell got more attention due to excellent life and safety characteristics in the future