Liberal Arts : Biology “Global Warming” · 2015-01-09 · Single-cell prokaryotes form in the...

Liberal Arts : Biology“Global Warming”Liberal Arts : Biology“Global Warming”

memahami“Global Warming”dari sudut ilmu biologi

memahami“Global Warming”dari sudut ilmu biologi

Bumi (diperkirakan) sebelum ada kehidupan

Bumi sekarang

Planet bumibumi: “bola api” yang mendingin, dapat dihuni

Matahari

bumi: “bola api” yang mendingin, dapat dihuni

Keanekaragaman mahluk hidup munculdan berkoloni menjadi penghuni bumi

Bumi menjadi “1 habitat raksasa” bagianeka ragam mahluk hidup

Dalam kemajemukan ygtak terhingga, merekasaling berketergantungandalam regulasi yg rumityg merawat habitatbersama

Dalam kemajemukan ygtak terhingga, merekasaling berketergantungandalam regulasi yg rumityg merawat habitatbersama

Keanekaragaman mahlukhidup yang takterhitung

Berkah yangmelekat danmenentukannasib manusia

Berkah yangmelekat danmenentukannasib manusiaTanpamereka, manusiatidak ada

SEL: blok bangunan dasar dari semua mahluk hidup

Sel Prokariot : sederhana (bakteri, cyanobacteria)

Sel Eukariot : kompleks, gabungan dr sel prokariot(tumbuhan, hewan, manusia)

Sel Euokariot : kompleks, gabungan dari selprokariot (tumbuhan, hewan, manusia)

3 sel prokariotbakteri

bergabungmenjadi 1 seleukariot

Tumbuhan hewan manusia

Summary of Evolution of Life

Formationof theearth’searly

crust andatmosphere

Smallorganic

moleculesform inthe seas

Largeorganic

molecules(biopolymers)

form inthe seas

Firstprotocells

form inthe seas

Chemical Evolution(1 billion years)

Formationof theearth’searly

crust andatmosphere

Smallorganic

moleculesform inthe seas

Largeorganic

molecules(biopolymers)

form inthe seas

Single-cellprokaryotes

form inthe seas

Single-celleukaryotes

form inthe seas

Variety ofmulticellular

organismsform, firstin the seas

and lateron land

Biological Evolution(3.7 billion years)

• Miller Chapter 5• Powerpoint Adapted from:

http://yhspatriot.yorktown.arlington.k12.va.us/~mzito/APES/PPTs/Evolution.ppt

Mahluk tingkatTinggi

Mahluk tingkatrendah

Biological Evolution

Age ofreptiles

Age ofmammals

Modern humans (Homo sapiens) appear about 2seconds before midnight

Recorded human history begins 1/4 secondbefore midnight

Fossilspresent butrare

Evolution andexpansion of life

Fossils becomeabundant

Plantsinvade theland

Age ofreptilesInsects and

amphibians invadethe land

Origin of life (3.6–3.8 billion years ago)

• Miller Chapter 5• Powerpoint Adapted from:


Monera (Prokaryotae)Monera (Prokaryotae)

Bacteria were the firstBacteria were the firstorganisms on earth.organisms on earth.

They are by far the mostThey are by far the mostnumerous organism onnumerous organism onthe planet.the planet.

Bacteria were the firstBacteria were the firstorganisms on earth.organisms on earth.

They are by far the mostThey are by far the mostnumerous organism onnumerous organism onthe planet.the planet.

www.murrieta.k12.ca.us/.../Diversity_of_Organisms_with_answers.ppt

MoneraMonera


Protista (Protoctista)Protista (Protoctista)

Contains a wide varietyContains a wide varietyof organisms from largeof organisms from largeplantplant--like algaelike algaeseaweeds to singleseaweeds to single--celled organisms suchcelled organisms suchasas AmoebaAmoeba..

ProtistsProtists are foundare foundalmost anywhere wateralmost anywhere wateris present.is present.

Contains a wide varietyContains a wide varietyof organisms from largeof organisms from largeplantplant--like algaelike algaeseaweeds to singleseaweeds to single--celled organisms suchcelled organisms suchasas AmoebaAmoeba..

ProtistsProtists are foundare foundalmost anywhere wateralmost anywhere wateris present.is present.


ProtistaProtista –– main featuresmain features

Contains single celled (Amoeba) and simpleContains single celled (Amoeba) and simplemulticellular organisms (Algae)multicellular organisms (Algae)

They have a membraneThey have a membrane--enclosed nucleusenclosed nucleus

Some feed by taking in organic substancesSome feed by taking in organic substances(they absorb nutrients through the cell wall)(they absorb nutrients through the cell wall)

Others can produce their own food byOthers can produce their own food byphotosynthesisphotosynthesis

Contains single celled (Amoeba) and simpleContains single celled (Amoeba) and simplemulticellular organisms (Algae)multicellular organisms (Algae)

They have a membraneThey have a membrane--enclosed nucleusenclosed nucleus

Some feed by taking in organic substancesSome feed by taking in organic substances(they absorb nutrients through the cell wall)(they absorb nutrients through the cell wall)

Others can produce their own food byOthers can produce their own food byphotosynthesisphotosynthesis


ProtistaProtista


FungiFungi

Examples of fungiExamples of fungiincludeincludemushrooms, mildews, mmushrooms, mildews, moulds and yeasts.oulds and yeasts.

Fungi play a vital role inFungi play a vital role inthat they break downthat they break downdead organisms anddead organisms andallow minerals to beallow minerals to berecycled.recycled.

Examples of fungiExamples of fungiincludeincludemushrooms, mildews, mmushrooms, mildews, moulds and yeasts.oulds and yeasts.

Fungi play a vital role inFungi play a vital role inthat they break downthat they break downdead organisms anddead organisms andallow minerals to beallow minerals to berecycled.recycled.


PlantsPlants

This kingdom includesThis kingdom includesthe mosses, ferns andthe mosses, ferns andseedseed--producing plants.producing plants.

Seed producing plantsSeed producing plantscan be further subcan be further sub--divided into floweringdivided into floweringand nonand non--flowering.flowering.

This kingdom includesThis kingdom includesthe mosses, ferns andthe mosses, ferns andseedseed--producing plants.producing plants.

Seed producing plantsSeed producing plantscan be further subcan be further sub--divided into floweringdivided into floweringand nonand non--flowering.flowering.



AnimalsAnimals

This kingdom includesThis kingdom includesjellyfish, flatworms, snajellyfish, flatworms, snails, roundworms, segmeils, roundworms, segmentedntedworms, frogs, lizards, biworms, frogs, lizards, birds and humans.rds and humans.

The first animalsThe first animalsevolved in the sea aboutevolved in the sea about700 million years ago.700 million years ago.

This kingdom includesThis kingdom includesjellyfish, flatworms, snajellyfish, flatworms, snails, roundworms, segmeils, roundworms, segmentedntedworms, frogs, lizards, biworms, frogs, lizards, birds and humans.rds and humans.

The first animalsThe first animalsevolved in the sea aboutevolved in the sea about700 million years ago.700 million years ago.


AnimalsAnimals –– main featuresmain features

All organisms in this Kingdom are multicellular

They are eukaryotic - have a nucleus andmembrane enclosed organelles

Animal cells have no cell walls

All animals are heterotrophic – they cannotproduce their own food

They normally reproduce sexually.

All organisms in this Kingdom are multicellular

They are eukaryotic - have a nucleus andmembrane enclosed organelles

Animal cells have no cell walls

All animals are heterotrophic – they cannotproduce their own food

They normally reproduce sexually.



Dari Keanekaragamanmahluk hidupini, terkandung beberapakarakter prinsip yanguniversal

Dari Keanekaragamanmahluk hidupini, terkandung beberapakarakter prinsip yanguniversal

1.Memiliki satu kemiripan umum (serupa tapi taksama)

2.Interaksi (asosiasi berbagai mahluk menjadisatu, interdependensi, interkoneksi)

3.Adaptasi4.Regulasi (proses benar dan baik untuk manusia)5.Berpasang-pasangan di segala level

Karakter universal keanekaragaman hayati

1.Memiliki satu kemiripan umum (serupa tapi taksama)

2.Interaksi (asosiasi berbagai mahluk menjadisatu, interdependensi, interkoneksi)

3.Adaptasi4.Regulasi (proses benar dan baik untuk manusia)5.Berpasang-pasangan di segala level

Video5 ecosystem

•Physical adaptations are bodystructures that allow an animal to find andconsume food, defend itself, and toreproduce its species.

•Physical adaptationshelp an animal survivein its environment.

© A. Weinberg

www.thesciencequeen.net/Adaptations.ppt

Behavioral Adaptations allow animals torespond to life needs.

www.thesciencequeen.net/Adaptations.ppt

5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle

– Kejadian normal pada mahluk hidup– Disebabkan oleh enzim bunuh diri yang diproduksi sel– Terjadipada prosesperkembanganjanin bayi

webbed fingers

• Apoptosis adalah kematian sel yang terprogram

Contoh regulasi pada proses siklus sel

– Kejadian normal pada mahluk hidup– Disebabkan oleh enzim bunuh diri yang diproduksi sel– Terjadipada prosesperkembanganjanin bayi

rh.rock-hill.k12.sc.us/UserFiles/rockhill_h/Documents/

5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Pembelahan sel yg tidak terkendali pada cancer.

• Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumors.

cancer cellnormal cell

– Benign tumors remain clustered and can be removed.– Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and can

form more tumors.cancer cell

bloodstreamnormal cell

rh.rock-hill.k12.sc.us/UserFiles/rockhill_h/Documents/

(cuplikan Timeline)Sejarah pembentukan planet

Bumi kering tanpa air dankehidupan

Bumi “dikirimi” air melaluitabrakan dgn komet es (air)

(Earth and Planetary Science Letters 313–314 (2012) 56–66)

Terbentuk mahluk hidupsederhana dalam air tanpa O2

Terbentuk cyanobacteriapenghasil O2

Terbentuk tumbuhanpenghasil O2 penyerap CO2

Bencanaoksigen(O2)

O2 terakumulasi di atmosferjadi ozone

Muncul mahluk hidup dari airke darat

video

“Timeline” pembentukan planet bumi

CO2 + H2O ->karbohidrat + O2

Waktu (milyar tahun yang lalu)

Mahluk tingkat tinggi (aerob>)

Mahluk tingkat rendah (anaerob>)

CO2

H2OO2

Fotosintesis : karbon dioksida dan airmenjadi karbohidrat dan oksigen

O3(ozone)

O2

cyanobacteria archaebacteria

Toxic!!!

Apakah hubungan antaraFotosintesis – bahan bakar fosil – global warming

Manusia membongkar tumpukan CO2 yg tersimpan berkatfotosintesis (pembakaran Bahan Bakar Fosil -bensin, gas, -batubara)

Manusia membongkar tumpukan CO2 yg tersimpan berkatfotosintesis (pembakaran Bahan Bakar Fosil -bensin, gas, -batubara)

Manusia melubangi lapisan ozone (O3), yg bahanpenyusunnya (O2) dihasilkan dari fotosintesis

sehingga mengakibatkan “rumah kaca”

sehingga bumi kurang terlindungi dari sengatan UV matahari

Bagaimana hal tersebut terjadi ?

Minyak dan Gas

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Oil_well.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moscow_traffic_congestion.JPG

NASA

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg

Origin (1): Kimiaen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Octane_molecule_3D_model.pngen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Petroleum.JPG

Crude Oil

Hydrocarbon

• minyak dan gas terbuat dari campuranhydrocarbons.

• molekul hydrogen terikat pada atomcarbon.

Origin (2): Planktoncache.eb.com/eb/image?id=93510

Plankton tumbuhan Plankton hewan

10,0

00m

acam

mah

luk

ini =

bah

an b

akar

!

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Copepod.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg

• minyak dan gas berasal dari tumbuhan dan hewan mikroskopikyang hidup di lautan

10,0

00m

acam

mah

luk

ini =

bah

an b

akar

!

Origin (3): peledakan populasiserc.carleton.edu/images/microbelife/topics/red_tide_genera.v3.jpg

•sekarang, plankton masihdapat dilihat di permukaan laut

• Blooms of certain planktoncalled dinoflagellates maygive the water a red tinge

•sekarang, plankton masihdapat dilihat di permukaan laut

• Blooms of certain planktoncalled dinoflagellates maygive the water a red tinge

© Miriam Godfrey

Dinoflagellate bloom

Origin (4): di dasar lautupload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/04/Plankton.jpg

Ketika plankton mati, jasadnyarontok ke dasar lautanmembentuk massa organik

Dasar laut

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Nerr0328.jpg

Hewan memakan planktondan mati, rontok ke dasarlaut

Origin (5): lempengupload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/04/Plankton.jpg

• akumulasi bahan organik matipada dasar laut

• sedimen mengandung bahanorganik Lempeng (black shale)

© Earth Science World Image Bank

Origin (6): pematanganTimbunan Black Shale menimbulkan panas

Kerogen

Bahan organik berubah jadi kerogen,bentuk padat dari hydrocarbon

www.oilandgasgeology.com/oil_gas_window.jpg

Gas

Oil

90°C, berubah jadi cairyg kita sebut minyak

Sekitar 150°C, berubah jadi gas

“Timeline” pembentukan planet bumi

Pembentukan minyak

Milyar tahun yang laluMinyak dibakar ->

CO2

Ada apa dengan bumi yang sedang memanas ?

Ekosistem Raksasa pada bumi yang telahterkondisikan sesuai kebutuhan kehidupan ygdirintis oleh mikroba, tumbuhan, hewan, telahterganggu akibat aktivitas manusia....

Gangguan Alam:kebakaran, kekerin

gan, banjir

Fisologi organisma

Pembungaan:waktu, siklus, serang

ga penyerbuk

Pergerakanorganisme:

penyebaran:penyebaran, kolonisa

si, migrasi

Fungsi ekosistem:produsen, dekompose

r, mineralisasi

Pergerakanorganisme:

penyebaran:penyebaran, kolonisa

si, migrasi

Interaksi antarjenis

Mikro-evolusi

Fungsi ekosistem:produsen, dekompose

r, mineralisasi

Gangguan pada BiodiversitasGlobal Environmental Change. 2012. 20:192-207

Efek Perubahan Iklim terhadap ekosistem

• Merubah tempat hidup dan cara mahluk hidupberinteraksi

• Berdampak pada satu jenis dan merambat ke jenislain melalui rantai makanan

• Pegunungan dan ekosistem arktik (kutub) sangatrentan

• Dapat mengakibatkan kepunahan jenis-jenis yangterdapat pada ekosistem yang rentan

• Merubah tempat hidup dan cara mahluk hidupberinteraksi

• Berdampak pada satu jenis dan merambat ke jenislain melalui rantai makanan

• Pegunungan dan ekosistem arktik (kutub) sangatrentan

• Dapat mengakibatkan kepunahan jenis-jenis yangterdapat pada ekosistem yang rentan

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/

• Kenaikan suhu dan penambahan karbon dioksida padaatmosfir dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman

• Banjir atau kekeringan dapat mengaibatkan penurunanproduksi

• Ternak dapat memiliki resiko yang buruk secara langsungakibat kenaikan suhu

• Secara tidak langsung, ternak dapat dipengaruhi olehketersediaan pakan yang cocok (kualitasnya bagus)

• Pada perikanan, kenaikan suhu akan merubah “speciesrange”

• Air menjadi habitat yang lebih baik bagi jenis-jenis invasif• Waktu siklus hidup ikan akan berubah

Efek Perubahan iklim terhadap Pertanian

• Kenaikan suhu dan penambahan karbon dioksida padaatmosfir dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman

• Banjir atau kekeringan dapat mengaibatkan penurunanproduksi

• Ternak dapat memiliki resiko yang buruk secara langsungakibat kenaikan suhu

• Secara tidak langsung, ternak dapat dipengaruhi olehketersediaan pakan yang cocok (kualitasnya bagus)

• Pada perikanan, kenaikan suhu akan merubah “speciesrange”

• Air menjadi habitat yang lebih baik bagi jenis-jenis invasif• Waktu siklus hidup ikan akan berubahhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/

• Perubahan frekuensi dan intensitas gangguan hutantermasuk kebakaran, peledakan populasiserangga, keberadaan jenis invasif

• Perubahan produktivitas hutan• Memperparah kerusakan hutan yang berasal dari

pengemangan lahan dan polusi udara

Efek Perubahan Iklim terhadap hutan

• Perubahan frekuensi dan intensitas gangguan hutantermasuk kebakaran, peledakan populasiserangga, keberadaan jenis invasif

• Perubahan produktivitas hutan• Memperparah kerusakan hutan yang berasal dari

pengemangan lahan dan polusi udara

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/

Take Home #1

When faced with a change in environmentalcondition, a population of a species can getMAD:MIGRATE to a more favorable locationALREADY be adaptedDIE

When faced with a change in environmentalcondition, a population of a species can getMAD:MIGRATE to a more favorable locationALREADY be adaptedDIE

Miller Chapter 5 Powerpoint Adapted from:


Aktivitas manusia:• Kerusakan habitat• Polusi• Eksploitasi

Konversi:Modal ekologi keModal ekonomi

Kerusakan Biodiversity

“Ecological - Economic conflicts”

KEUNTUNGAN EKONOMIKERUSAKAN EKOLOGI

Konversi:Modal ekologi keModal ekonomi

Kerusakan Biodiversity

Ukuran nilai Etik dan estetikabukan $

Pertumbuhan Ekonomi diukurdengan $

how to compare?lagoonsociety.com/wp-content/uploads/.../Diane-Srivastava-UBC.ppt

Lalu, bagaimana kita bisa memperlambatterjadinya “global warming”

Kampus University of California - Berkeley

Mahluk tingkat tinggi (aerob)

Pengembangan bioenergi

taiwanbiodiesel

Bioetanol

etanol

Because greenhouse gas emissions are tied very closely to ourenergy consumption, using less fossil fuel based energy puts fewergreenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

This will help slow global warming.

Kurangi konsumsi bahan bakar fosil

Mountaintop removal forcoal mining nearRawl, West Virginia.

50% of electricity in theUnited States is producedfrom coal.

Mountaintop removal forcoal mining nearRawl, West Virginia.

50% of electricity in theUnited States is producedfrom coal.

(education.jlab.org/jsat/powerpoint/0708_global_warming.ppt

Average Electricity EmissionFactors

Region/State CO2 lb/kWh CO2 tons/MWh CO2 Metric tons/MWh CH4 lbs/MWh NO2 lbs/MWhSouth Atlantic 1.35 0.674 0.612 0.0127 0.0207North Carolina 1.24 0.621 0.563 0.0105 0.0203Virginia 1.16 0.582 0.528 0.0137 0.0192West Virginia 1.98 0.998 0.897 0.0137 0.0316

Region/State CO2 lb/kWh CO2 tons/MWh CO2 Metric tons/MWh CH4 lbs/MWh NO2 lbs/MWhSouth Atlantic 1.35 0.674 0.612 0.0127 0.0207North Carolina 1.24 0.621 0.563 0.0105 0.0203Virginia 1.16 0.582 0.528 0.0137 0.0192West Virginia 1.98 0.998 0.897 0.0137 0.0316

education.jlab.org/jsat/powerpoint/0708_global_warming.ppt

Kitchen Light Fixture

Three 60 Watt Bulbs


We can make some simple substitutions

Replacing just 1 incandescent light bulb with 1 compactflorescent bulb saves about 150 pounds of carbondioxide per year!

If every American household replaced just 5 high-useincandescent bulbs with compact florescent lights we'dcollectively save more than $8 billion each year in energy costsand we would prevent the greenhouse gases equivalent to theemissions from nearly 10 million cars.

Source: http://www.energystar.gov

Small changes really add up

Replace your old refrigeratorwith a new Energy Star:

Annual savings:$90; 700 pounds CO2

Set your thermostat down a fewdegrees in the winterAnnual savings:

$135; 1400 pounds CO2

Drive JUST 10 fewer miles per weekAnnual savings:

$80; 520 pounds CO2

Wash clothes in cold water onlyAnnual savings:

$70; 500 pounds CO2

Drive JUST 10 fewer miles per weekAnnual savings:

$80; 520 pounds CO2

Reduce your garbage by 10%through greater recycling or reducedpackagingAnnual savings:

1200 pounds CO2

* These are mid-range estimates frompublished sources; your savings may vary.education.jlab.org/jsat/powerpoint/0708_global_warming.ppt

Blowing Up Your World

• 1. How many of you leave yourbedroom light on when you arenot in the room?

• Turning off lights saves energy andmoney. The more energy used, themore rivers are dammed or more fossilfuel is burned, causing air pollutionand increased levels of carbon dioxidein the atmosphere.

• 1. How many of you leave yourbedroom light on when you arenot in the room?

• Turning off lights saves energy andmoney. The more energy used, themore rivers are dammed or more fossilfuel is burned, causing air pollutionand increased levels of carbon dioxidein the atmosphere.


Blowing Up Your World• How many of you walked, bicycled or

took public transportation to get toschool today, instead of coming byprivate automobile?

Our reliance on cars that burn fossil fuelsis one of the major causes of increasedlevels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphereand it is the primary cause of urban smog.

• How many of you walked, bicycled ortook public transportation to get toschool today, instead of coming byprivate automobile?

Our reliance on cars that burn fossil fuelsis one of the major causes of increasedlevels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphereand it is the primary cause of urban smog.


• How many of you, when you drink asoft drink, throw the container into thegarbage?

• Throwing away containers of any kind wastesenergy and resources and adds to our wasteproblem. Many towns are running out of landfillspace.

• How many of you, when you drink asoft drink, throw the container into thegarbage?

• Throwing away containers of any kind wastesenergy and resources and adds to our wasteproblem. Many towns are running out of landfillspace.

Blowing Up Your WorldHow many of you eat fresh vegetablesinstead of canned or frozen?

Fresh vegetables cook more quickly and areusually more nutritious than frozen or cannedfoods. Canned and frozen vegetables are oftenover-processed, contain additives, contribute toair pollution (transport and packaging) and addto our waste problem.

Blowing Up Your WorldHow many of you eat fresh vegetablesinstead of canned or frozen?

Fresh vegetables cook more quickly and areusually more nutritious than frozen or cannedfoods. Canned and frozen vegetables are oftenover-processed, contain additives, contribute toair pollution (transport and packaging) and addto our waste problem.


Blowing Up Your World• How many of you use a hairdryer or

other energy-consuming convenienceappliance, especially in the morning?

• Hairdryers use a lot of energy. In themorning so much energy demand is puton our grids that power companies haveto find other sources of energy just tomeet the morning rush hour

• How many of you use a hairdryer orother energy-consuming convenienceappliance, especially in the morning?

• Hairdryers use a lot of energy. In themorning so much energy demand is puton our grids that power companies haveto find other sources of energy just tomeet the morning rush hour


Blowing Up Your World• . How many of you, when you go to a

store, get a bag for your purchases, even ifyou have only one or two small items tocarry?

• Making paper and plastic bags uses energyand resources. The bags add to our litterand waste problems, and plastic is notbiodegradable. Recycling is not the bestanswer because collecting and recyclingmaterials requires energy. Instead, carry areusable cloth bag or a knapsack with you.

• . How many of you, when you go to astore, get a bag for your purchases, even ifyou have only one or two small items tocarry?

• Making paper and plastic bags uses energyand resources. The bags add to our litterand waste problems, and plastic is notbiodegradable. Recycling is not the bestanswer because collecting and recyclingmaterials requires energy. Instead, carry areusable cloth bag or a knapsack with you.


How many of you carry your lunch toschool in a lunch box or reusablecontainer?

Making paper and plastic bags usesenergy and resources.

How many of you carry your lunch toschool in a lunch box or reusablecontainer?

Making paper and plastic bags usesenergy and resources.

Blowing Up Your World• How many of you eat take-out or cafeteria

food that is served in foam or plasticcontainers?

• Polystyrene and other plastic containersare made from preciouspetrochemicals, do not decompose inlandfills, and release toxic gases whenthey are burned in incinerators.

• How many of you eat take-out or cafeteriafood that is served in foam or plasticcontainers?

• Polystyrene and other plastic containersare made from preciouspetrochemicals, do not decompose inlandfills, and release toxic gases whenthey are burned in incinerators.



• How many of you use handkerchiefsinstead of tissues and use clothtowels instead of paper towels?

• Paper comes from trees. The more ofit we use, the more trees that are cutdown

• How many of you use handkerchiefsinstead of tissues and use clothtowels instead of paper towels?

• Paper comes from trees. The more ofit we use, the more trees that are cutdown



• How many are changing incandescentbulbs for new compact fluorescentbulbs?

Changing one bulb could save 150pounds of carbon dioxide per year!

• How many are changing incandescentbulbs for new compact fluorescentbulbs?

Changing one bulb could save 150pounds of carbon dioxide per year!


Tingkat kepedulian terhadap lingkungan

• You're an environmentalist!• you're starting to save the world.• Lots of room for improvement.• You're exiled to the town dump!

• You're an environmentalist!• you're starting to save the world.• Lots of room for improvement.• You're exiled to the town dump!


Planet bumi merupakan hasil interaksiantara faktor hayati dan nir-hayatiyang panjang shg menjadi tempat ygmemungkinkan bagi kehidupanmanusia

Aktivitas manusia telah merubah keadaan planetbumi sehingga merugikan bagi kehidupan manusiaitu sendiri

Dampak dari perubahan tersebutsangat rumit

Aktivitas manusia telah merubah keadaan planetbumi sehingga merugikan bagi kehidupan manusiaitu sendiri

Untuk menekan perubahan itu, manusiadiharuskan untuk memenuhi kehidupannyadengan cara yang bijak

Valuasi ekosistem: membandingkan ekosistem hutan tropis dengan kelapasawit (Kalimantan:

Kearifan lokal berbasis keanekaragaman hayati: obat herbal

Kenaikan paras air laut mengakibatkan daeraah pantai tergenang air laut:Efek global warming terhadap pertanian/perikanan

Terganggunya siklus hidup serangga/hama tertentu sehingga terjadipeledakan populasi: contoh peledakan ulat bulu

Biomaterial

Kepedulian terhadap lingkungan

Valuasi ekosistem: membandingkan ekosistem hutan tropis dengan kelapasawit (Kalimantan:

Kearifan lokal berbasis keanekaragaman hayati: obat herbal

Kenaikan paras air laut mengakibatkan daeraah pantai tergenang air laut:Efek global warming terhadap pertanian/perikanan

Terganggunya siklus hidup serangga/hama tertentu sehingga terjadipeledakan populasi: contoh peledakan ulat bulu

Biomaterial

Kepedulian terhadap lingkungan

Date post:	06-May-2019
Category:	Documents
Upload:	dinhhanh
View:	212 times
Download:	0 times