1. LIBERALISATION,PRIVATISATION AND GLOBALISATION

2. N July 1991,India has taken a series of measures to structure the economy and improve the BOP position. The new economic policy introduced changes in several areas. The policy have salient feature which are: 1.Liberlisation (internal and external) 2.Extending Privatization 3.Globalisation of the economy Which are known as LPG . (liberalization privatization globalization) 3. Reasons for implementing LPG : Excess of consumption and expenditure over revenue resulting in heavy govt.borrowings. Growing inefficiency on the use of resources. Over protection to industries. Mismanagement of the firm and the economy. Increase in losses for public sector enterprises. Various distortion like poor technological development, shortage of foreignexchange and borrowing from abroad. Low foreign exchange reserves. 4. LIBERALIZATION Liberalization is a very broad term that usuallyrefers to fewer government regulations and restrictions in the economy in exchange for greater participation of private entities Liberalization refers to the relaxation of theprevious government restriction usually in area of social and economic policies. When government liberalized trade , it means it has removed the tariff ,subsidies and other restriction on the flow of goods and services between the countries. 5. Measures taken for liberalization Liberalization for industrial licensingConcession from monopolies actFreedom for expansion and production to industriesIncrease in the investment limit of the small industriesFreedom to import the capital goods and raw materialFreedom to import technologyLiberalization of export and import transactionsLiberalization in taxation policyLiberalization in banking sector 6. ADVANTAGE Industrial licensing Increase the foreign investment. Increase the foreign exchange reserve. Increase in consumption and Control over price. Reduction in dependence on external commercial borrowings Competition promotes efficiency, so resources are wasted much less Liberalization allows financial markets to provide loans to people who previously maynot have been able to access loans that they can pay off, and it allows more financial instruments to be developed so people can choose the one that suits them Liberalization removes government regulations on the economy, which 7. DISADVANTAGE Increase in unemployment. Loss to domestic units. Increase dependence on foreign nations Unbalanced development 8. Name of the enterprisesituationNational Thermal Power CorporationprofitIndian Oil CorporationprofitManager Telephone Nigam LimitedprofitSteel authority India limitedprofitBharat petroleum corporation limitedprofitHindustan petroleum corporation limitedprofitBharat heavy electronics limitedprofit 9. N Privatization means transfer of ownership and/ormanagement of an enterprise from the public sector to the private sector .It also means the withdrawal of the state from an industry or sector partially or fully. Privatization is opening up of an industry that has been reserved for public sector to the private sector. Privatization means replacing governmentmonopolies with the competitive pressures of the marketplace to encourage efficiency, quality and innovation in the delivery of goods and services . 10. Different Ways in privatization: Liberalization Approach Relative Share Enlargement Approach Association of Private Sector Management Approach Transfer of Minority Equity Ownership Approach Transfer of Complete Ownership Approach 11. METHODS FRANCHISING LEASING CONTRACTING DISINVESTMENT 12. ADVANTAGE Privatization helps to reduce the burden on Govt. It will help profit making public sector unit to modernize and diversifytheir business. It will help in making public sector unit more competitive. It will help to improving the quality of decision making, because the decisions are free from any political interference. It Encourage the new innovations without any restrictions. Industrial growth. 13. Increase the foreigninvestment. Increase in efficiency 14. DISADVANTAGE Lack of welfare. Class struggle. Increase in inequality Opposition by employees.Problem of financing.Problem in unemployment.Ignores the weaker sections.Ignores the national importance 15. EXAMPLE Lagan jute machinery company limited(LJMC) o Vides Sanchar Nigam limited (VSNL) o Hindustan zinc limited (HZL) Hotel corporation limited of India (HCL) Bharat aluminum company limited(BACLO) 16. GLOBALIZATION Globalization implies integration of the economy of thecountry with the rest of the world economy and opening up of the economy for foreign direct investment by liberalizing the rules and regulations and by creating favorable socioeconomic and political climate for global business. According to IMF: -The growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross border transaction in goods and services and of international capital cash flows, and through the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. 17. FEATURES Opening and planning to expand businessthroughout the world. Erasing the difference between domestic and foreign market Buying and selling goods and services from / to any countries in the world. Locating the production and other physical facilities on a considerations of the global business dynamics, irrespective of national considerations 18. Global sourcing of factors of production i.e. rawmaterial, components ,machinery, technology, finance etc. are obtained from the best source anywhere in the world Global orientation of organizational structure and management culture 19. FACTORS Technological Advances in communication Improvements in transportation and Technology other Factors: 20. ADVANTAGE Increase in Trade in Goods and Services Free flow of technology Increase in industrialization Increase in production and higher standard of living. Commodities at lower price with high quality Increase in jobs and incomes Balanced human development 21. DISADVANTAGE Loss of domestic industries Exploits human resources Decline in income o Transfer of natural resources Widening gap between rich and poor Dominance of foreign institute 22. THANK YOU