Library management

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Farouq Umar Idris

Database Concepts and RDBMS (CIS206)

01/10/2013

Alka Khurana

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 2

ABSTRACT Library Management System has tremendous importance in managing library

database most especially when dealing with large number of customers. This project shows

how important upgradation of library management system to e-library management is with

the concepts of showing relationships using primary keys and foreign keys in both SQL and

Microsoft Access. It also shows how different SQL is to Microsoft access though both are

used in maintaining and manipulating data in database but at some point have their

differences.


Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 2

1.0 SQL DEFINITION ......................................................................................................... 4

1.1 DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE....................................................................... 5

1.2 DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE ............................................................................... 5

1.3 DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE .................................................................................. 5

2.0 DATABASE AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ......................................................... 6

2.1 DBMS ............................................................................................................................. 6

2.2 RDBMS........................................................................................................................... 6

2.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DBMS AND RDBMS ....................................................... 6

3.0 ABOUT THE SYSTEM ................................................................................................. 8

ER DIAGRAM .......................................................................................................................... 9

FORMS .................................................................................................................................... 22

CREATING TABLES IN SQL AND INSERTING VALUES ............................................... 28

Reference ................................................................................................................................. 34


1.0 SQL DEFINITION

Structured Query Language (more often known as SQL) is a programming language

specially designed to help user in manipulating data that are stored in relational database

management system (RDBMS).

SQL has three basic languages.

1. Data manipulation language (DML)

2. Data definition language (DDL)

3. Data control language (DCL)


1.1 DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE

These include the following:

1. Select

2. Delete

3. Update

4. Insert

1.2 DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE

These include:

1. Create

2. Drop

3. Alter

1.3 DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE These include:

1. Grant

2. Revoke


2.0 DATABASE AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS A database is a collection of organised data. e.g. collecting information about all

employees in an organisation.

2.1 DBMS Database management systems (DBMS) are applications specially designed for the

purpose of interacting with the user, the built database and other applications when capturing

and analysing data. There are lots of software systems that are general-purpose database

management system software which allows user to create, define, make querry, update and

administer databases. Some of this software includes Microsoft access, MySQL, SQLite,

FoxPro, dBASE, Oracle, FileMaker Pro etc.

2.2 RDBMS Relational database management system (known as RDBMS) is an extension of

database management system which is based on relational modelling. It has become a

predominant choice of information storage in newly created databases used in personnel data,

logistics, manufacturing, finance etc. RDBMS has replaced the legacy databases and network

database used nowadays because it is easier and faster to use and understand

2.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DBMS AND RDBMS

1. DBMS is used in just managing database while RDBMS is used to maintain relationship

among tables.

2. DBMS accepts flat file entry data type but RDBMS does not

3. RDBMS is used in complex applications while DBMS is used in simpler applications

4. RDBMS enforces the use and rules of foreign key but DMBS does not


5. DBMS manage only small entry of data while RDBMS can manage both large and small

entry sets of data.

2.4 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SQL AND ACCESS

1. SQL Server is a server based database while Microsoft Access is used as local database.

2. Access is used for small desktop size databases used by less than 5 users at the same time

and have a front end GUI system to design applications quickly while SQL Server is a

more robust system and is able to handle large amounts of users as well as data sizes and

does not have front end GUI system so it will require other development tools (Visual

Studios, .NET, VB, C++, etc.)

3. Access employs security based on the actual database settings. Each database can have

different security settings and employee lists. Logins are not tied to a users’ Windows

logon while in SQL, On Center Software recommends using Windows Authentication

when setting up an SQL database, that way, the users’ Windows security is transferred to

the database and only valid users can access the database AND the security is centralized.


3.0 ABOUT THE SYSTEM

A library is a collection of organized information and resources which is made

accessible to a well-defined community for borrowing or reference sake. The collection of the

resources and information are provided in digital or physical format in either a building/room

or in a virtual space or even both. Library’s resources and collections may include

newspapers, books, films, prints, maps, CDs, tapes, videotapes, microform, database etc.

The main aim of this system is to develop a new programmed system that will convey

an ever lasting solution to the manual base operations and to make available a channel

through which staff can maintain the record easily and customers can access the information

about the library at whatever place they might find themselves.

The library has the following tables in its database;

1. Books (book_id, bookName, bookisbn, BOOKAUTHOR and bookedition)

2. Customer (customer_id, customername, customer_email, customer_address)

3. Staff (staff_id, staff_name, staff_address, staff_gender, staff_phone)

4. Branch (branch_id, branch_name, branch_location)

5. Issue (issue_id, issue_date, expiry_date, book_name, book_id)

6. Return (return_id, expiry_date, isuue_date, book_id)

The attributes are used to identify and keep track of each item (entity) in the library using

relationships within them which is established by the use of unique key identifiers (concept of

primary and foreign keys)


ER DIAGRAM

HAV

E

BRANCH

branchnam

e

location

Branch_id


The database store the daily activity carried out in the library, the database system

provides a supported form for the customer to make booking as well as to retrieve and modify

the existing records from the database. In order to have full data administration, this data can

be promoted, retrieved, manipulated and updated, to get a new record of the services rendered

in the library. Therefore, the library would have a new computerized system that would

record the information of the daily services carried out within the library and all its branches.

In order to overcome the current problem the library is facing, the following solutions

need to be deployed;

1. Computerized customer payment system

2. Digital ID for customers and staff

3. Use of a good RDBMS software in manipulating data in the database

4. RFID chip installed in books to ease transactions and security purpose.

5. Restrict access to database to only administrators and/or authorised personnel only


4.0 TABLES IN MICROSOFT ACCESS

Book table

Book table showing how data types are taken I n the book table


Issue table

Issue table design view


Customer table

Customer table design view, showing data types.


Branch table

Above is the design view of branch table, showing how data are taken and how the data types are defined.


Return table

The return table has RETURN_ID which was taken as the primary key and a data type set as number (autonumber). Other fields like BOOK_ID, ISSUE_ID, CUSTOMER_ID, STAFF_ID are the foreign keys in the table having a data type of number.


Staff table

In the table above, the staff_id is taken as the primary key and BRANCH_ID is the foreign key in the table which has a data type number. Other fields like STAFFNAME, STAFFADDRESS etc. are having a data type of text.


Above is a screen capture of a database titled library created in Microsoft access showing tables and forms created.


The above screen shot show the book table in Microsoft access


Customer table showing customer’s name and few more detail of the customer like email

address and customer id


Issue table shows how book are issued to customers using the customer_id and book_id


Library branch table showing branches with their respective locations and IDs


FORMS Forms can be used to update records in a master table. For instance a new customer

comes in and makes a transaction (e.g. he was issued a book), a new form will be made under the customer’s ID and update his record through the form (i.e. if he is an existing customer) or create new record for him (if he is a new customer).


Book form, for updating or creating new book record in the database in Microsoft access


Staff form, also used to update record of staff in the database.


Return of borrowed books form. Used for monitoring return of book in the database.


This form has to be filled before giving any book out to any customer.


Customer data form. It is made very simple and easy in order to capture the customers’’ information when registering with the library.


CREATING TABLES IN SQL AND INSERTING VALUES

Above is database titled library created in SQL using MySQL application. The database library is created and a table (book) was created in it where various values were assigned to it. Among the values is Book_id which represents the primary key of the table.

Insert values in done by using the command “insert into” where it allocates the written value into the values assigned.


Above is the view of the inserted vales into the table “book”. Viewing the values is done by using the command “select *from book” after executing it, it displays all the inserted values as seen above.


Table above shows how to create another table (branch) in the database library.


After executing, it shows the values inserted in the table.


This is the relationship generated for the entire tables generated from the database


7.0 CONCLUSION

• SQL and Microsoft access are all database management application which is very well

used in the modern world in organising and manipulating a database.

• Though they have their differences like the GUI interface Microsoft access is having and

SQL doesn’t have, they all manage the database comfortable.

• Depending on the user or users, if an organisation have multiple users then they should go

for SQL server based application else if, they should go for Microsoft access.

• This project shows how to create tables in both SQL and Microsoft access and also how

to create simple data manipulation language and data definition language with how to

execute them.

• It also shows how relationships are established with the concepts of primary and foreign

key within a table.

• Lastly, the project shows how queries are created in SQL server, queries like the create

command, view, update, alter etc.


Reference 1. Henry J. Lucas, 2008, Database management for business organisation fifth edition. 2. Alfanso Sucre, 1998, Managing business database second edition. 3. www.sqlquerry.net 4. www.w3schools.com/sql/

Date post:	24-Dec-2014
Category:	Technology
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