Library Management System of University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Autosaved)

8/16/2019 Library Management System of University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Autosaved)

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Library management system of university of

agriculture Faisalabad:

Abstract:

The purpose of this project is to develop the computerized library

management system for the university of agriculture Faisalabad. The main

purpose of the project is to design and implement the computer based

database of all the management of library.

The computerized library is large knowledge base system which covered all

the library information. With the help of developed system, mistakes and

problems of manual system were minimized. Furthermore, dierent types of

reports can be generated easily. The developed system reduces the chance

of error and duplication and makes it easy to get the record of any student,books and relevant information. oreover, by this system dierent types of

reports can be generated which provides an e!cient results with high

reliability than manual system. "t also provides facility to add, delete and

update the record of student in user friendly graphical user interface #$%"&

environment. The $%" environment facilities the sta to enter the record

through keyboard and faster access to the record.

Introduction:

Introduction to the Research: This project is totally computerized, its concern to computerized based

library management system of the %'F. "n this project " will make

computerized software on which all books of library will be available to

everyone. 'll books present in the library will be converted into digital

format. 'fter the completion of this project, " hope this project will remove a

lot of the problems of the students.

(tudents waste a lot of time in a library by searching books here and there.

They may or may not be able to )nd a book due to some reasons. *ooks may

be issued or the place of the book may be changed. *ut in online library

there is no need to search manually, you just type the title of the book or

author name in the search bo+ and the book will be automatically be

displayed on the monitor screen if the book is present in the database.

Introduction of library:


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The library of the %'F contains about -,--- books. To search a book

manually from -,--- books is not an easy job. "n this library a lot of books

are present for research purpose and for references which are not issue able.

"n the library there are many books present which are related to literature,

advance technologies in the agriculture )eld, very e+pensive books related

to physics, chemistry, biology, computer and engineering are also present

which are not aordable for every student. *y making this library

computerized, we can help our students to )nd or issue a book more easily.

Existing system:

We study the e+isting system carefully.

The e+isting system is manual with following properties

•

The current system is manual. 'll the work is being done on registers,papers and printed sheets that are available in the market.

• "n the e+isting system, a clerk has to update a single entry several

times. (o more eorts are needed for a single job to do.

• /uman beings are slower than machines. ' manual work always need

more time to do a same job than machines. The current system is

manual and it is slower.

• (orting out records and depicting than in an order to create a report

needs a lot of time. "nde+ing of a large number of records in a manual

system usually fails. (o to generate a report at any time is di!cult.

• "n manual system all stationary should kept for future use. ' big junk of these records also needs a separate inde+ing, maintaining and sta to

handle it.

• 0+pert person are needed to record information accurately and

generating reports.

Drawbacks of existing system:1. "n the e+isting system, all the calculations are done manually thus

having the great chance of error occurrence.2. ' large number of books are present in the library for a limited number

of students.

3. Fresh arrivals of books and the books present in %rdu section are notissue able.

4. accommodation and timing problem. (earching of book is very di!cult.5. The books are being damaged by some students.6. anagement and discipline problem.


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7. The library is almost )lling. (o it is di!cult to make room for the new

once.8. 9ong access time is re:uired to generate reports for speci)c time

period.1-. /ave no proper database for the purpose of keeping precious

data.11. *y using registers the updating process is ine!cient.12. Too much stationary wastage which is very costly.13. There is a problem of security because all the information is present on

papers and registers, so it can be misused easily.

ro!osed system: This new computerized system is ensuring promptness; timely retrieve

of any record concerned to any book. That is handling the information

of any student who will issue or return the book; it can also retrievereports in time. "n time of feeding this system stores the overall

information of books which are present in the library or issued to

students. "t provides correctness and reliability. The complete information of every book is available at any time. 0very

book is a awarded uni:ue "< number which is going to be issue. "t

provides the whole information to everyone all the time #$ane, 1886& The main objective of the computer system is to provide a

computerized database system which also produced :uality reports.

The broad based objectives include removing data redundancy, no

time consumption, less no, of persons and providing a :uality

information system to manage and clients to generate improved and

:uality reports which help the management to make better decisions

for improving of the organization.' computers language of instruction and information is a programming

language. "nformation e+pressed in a programming language is called

data. There are many =avors of data. >umbers are one class of data.

>umbers series belong to the class of compound data, because each

series is made up of other pieces of smaller pieces of data, namely,

numbers. To construct the two kinds of data, we also call numbersatomic data. 9etters are other e+amples of atomic data; family trees

are compound data.


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for the management, for decision purposes. The main function of the

system is to track the books available and which are issued.o data redundancy

•


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in the shortest possible time. Ather objectives or speci)cations of the

project are given below

• The software should provide complete data storage and marinating

solution, from admission to issuing credentials.

• This software can generate fast and accurate documents currently

involved in manual system at any time e.g. registration list, issue and

return books reports, searching a book etc.

• The software is easy to use and user friendly. 0ven some special

training is not re:uired.

• This software facilitates the sta for viewing the whole status of the

organization

• 'bility for the user to register himself as member of the library

• $iven system saves a lot of time.

• 'bility of system to tell the administration about a book which is being

asked by the users and not available at a time in the library.• 'bility of the system to add or remove the data from database.

• The system provide speed and accuracy during data processing

• 0!cient data processing, maintenance of the computerized library

system.

• @etrieval of data will be faster.

• 0!cient and :uick decision making

• 9ess personal #sta& and time re:uired for up to date information.

• The system will be $%" based

•


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componentCbased software, its strengths, and weakness. Then we need

to utilize these characteristics in component based engineering

practice. (oftware development process not only brings great bene)ts

to the software development team but increase the :uality of software

products as well #$'A and Dacob, 2--3&.

%!eed and accuracy:

The primary objective of the new developed system is to provide speed

and accuracy during data processing, report generation. This system

should provide timely correct retrieval of information in an accurate

and e!cient manner.

This system should be of :uick response to the :ueries, because the

decisions are on upCtoCdate information. "f the speed of processing is

high, it takes less time to access information from database and save alot of time.

E&ciency and Feasibility:

To provide e!cient data maintenance and storage of dierent

suppliers, the system must be =e+ible and capable of adapting to

changing environment conditions. This system is designed so as to

meet its desired objectives and organization goals #Bressman, 2--1&.

'ser Friendly Interface:"nterface of the system will be user friendly. The data retrieval,

insertion, editing and will be made easy and simple, so that a common

user can handle the database.

$inimum Redundancy:

"n the proposed system all the master data is stored in uni:ue tables

can this data through list of values. so, there is minimum chance of

redundancy.

$anagerial acce!tability:

The updating can be made in any easy way so that the management is

obtaining any type may not face any problems in dealing with it the

design system is acceptable to the organizations design and provides a

smooth =ow of information from one step to ne+t.


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Facilitated Data In!ut:

The simple to use data entry forms will be provided to facilitate the

administration to enter data in database. The powerful data entry

controls have been provided to view, add, modify delete the )elds of

record.

%ecurity:

(ecurity in a system provides safe guard in protecting system data

from deliberate damage, or access by authorized persons. This is done

by password option

Data Entry:

%nder the proposed system the data entry is easy. %ser can enter data

and see on screen

(ime %aving:

0veryone wants a :uick response to its :ueries because decisions are

based on up to date due to high speed of processing; the proposed

system takes less time perform a task. Thus it can save a lot of time.

ro"ect )rief:

This project is initiated with library. 's mentioned above that project is

handling any record like book issue. Whenever it wants to see and

record, it is shown without consuming any time. "f it wants to search

any speci)c record related to any book, it can easily :uery it without

wasting the time #(picer, 2--1&.

Review of Literature:

artin #188-& de)ned (E9 as it is a language that enables you to

create and operate on relational database, which are set of related

information stored in tables.

(E9 is a language oriented specially around relational database. "t

eliminated a lot of work you will have to do if you are using a generalC

purpose programming language. "f you want to )nd some particular

rows, you would have to enumerate each step of the process like this.


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1. 9ook the row of the table.2. Berform the test to see it is one if the rows you want.3. "f so, store it somewhere until the whole table is e+amined.4. (ee if there are more rows go to step number one

Tognazzini #1885& described that the software design resources can be

used their best if we

%se designers as designers, programmers as programmers.

%se software design for :uick reviews

%se the software designer for the long haul

/e further e+plained that a small investment in analysis, rapid

prototyping, iterative design, and user testing at the beginning of a

project can pay major dividends at the end.


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First, you need to satisfy model output :uality re:uirements. ' solution

must satisfy basic things like accuracy and response time. ore

generally the :uality of the outputs should be ade:uate to meet your

organizations needs.(econd, you need to consider long term cost drivers. 9ike what it will

cost to maintain, e+tend, or modify the system. Third, you need to ensure that the :uality of the organizations

resources is su!cient to undertake the proposed project. They also mentioned the features of a well engineered system. These

features of the system are;

%calability:(calability "nvolves adding more variable to the problems or increasing

the range of values that variables can take.

*om!actness:@efers to how small the system can be made. Ance a system has been

developed and tested, it needs to be put into the hands of the decision

makers within an organization.Hompactness deals with the ease with which the system can be

encoded into a computer language etc.

Flexibility:Fle+ibility is the ease with which the relationships among the variables

or their domains can be changed, or the goals of the system modi)ed.

Embedding:0mbedding refers to the ease with which a system can be coupled with

or incorporated into the infrastructure of an organization.'nonymous #1887& described the features of object relational database

management system are

• %ser de)ned data types and objectives

• Fully compatible with relational database

• (upport of multimedia and large objects

/igh :uality database server feature

Aracle 7 is the )rst object capable database developed by oracle. "t

e+tends the data modeling capability of oracle 6 to support a new

object relational database model. Aracle 7 provides a new engine thatbrings object oriented programming, comple+ data type, comple+

business objects, and full compatibility with the relational world. Aracle

7 e+tend oracle 6 in many ways. "t includes several features for

improved performance and functionality of online transaction

processing applications.


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/oer et al. #1887& stated that like many processes, the development

of information system follows a life cycle. The system developed life

cycle #(


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"terative 0nhancement

The spiral model

$lib #1887& stated that

interfaceCrelated properties and :uality attributes include the

following points

1. %ser friendliness2. @obustness3. @eliability

9ong term behavior related properties include1. aintainability2. odi)ability3. 0+tensibility4. @eusability

$aterials and $ethods:' system is an instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting

artifacts designed to work as a coherent; he bought a new stereo

systemG; a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising

a uni)ed whole; a vast system of production and distribution and

consumption keep the country goingG' system has nine characteristics. These characteristics are

1. "nterrelated components2. ' boundary3. ' purpose

4. 'n environment. "nterfaces5. "nputs6. Autputs7. 'nd constraints

These components are interCrelated; that is, the function of one is

somehow tied to the functions of the others. ' component is either an

irreducible part or an aggregate of parts, also called a subsystem a

system has a boundary, within which all of its components are

contained and which establishes the limits of a system, separating the

system from other systems. Homponents within the boundary can bechanged whereas things outside the boundary cannot be changed. 'll

of the components work together to achieve some overall purpose for

the larger systems reason for e+isting. The purpose of an information system is to ful)ll information

needs of its end users. Ane should also know what is information and


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data similarly the information function should be considerably system

analyst #Whitten et al, 1881&."t provides a set of services that are used by an enterprise to

carry out a business purpose. (ystem components typically consist of

hardware, software, data, and workers. (ystems are speci)ed by the

services they provide along with others nonCbehavioral re:uirements

such as reliability or cost of ownership. ' system consists of specifying

components, their attributes and their relationships. The problem of systems engineering is to design and implement

a system that meets the needs of system stakeholders. 'nalysis of

stakeholder needs results in a variety of system re:uirements

#@ational, 2--2&.' system development project encompasses all the activities

undertaken from the time at which a potential re:uirement is identi)ed

until the resulting system is fully implemented and accepted by the

end user. The process can involve many stages over a long period. The objective of software development is to ensure the high

:uality of a software product, such as high reliability, maintainability,

reusability, and build ability. To achieve these goals in componentC

based engineering, we )rst need to understand the characteristics of

componentCbased software, strengths, and weaknesses. Then we need

to utilize these characteristics in component based engineering

practice. Then we need to utilize these characteristics in component

based engineering practice. (oftware development process not only

brings great bene)ts to the software development team but increasethe :uality of the software products as well #$'A and Dacob, 2--3&.

' system development process can follow a number of standard

or company speci)c frameworks, methodologies, modeling tools and

languages. (oftware development life cycle normally comes with some

standards which can ful)ll the needs of any development team.

#verview of %ystem:0+tensive study of the e+isting system was carried out. The proposed

system has been designed after in depth study of the manual system.

Leeping in view the problems, suggestion and re:uirements are both of high and low level management. >ew system, whether manual or

electric, bring about many changes. These changes may be in

procedures or documents or even in the organization setup.

Analysis:*efore constructing anything one should know everything about its

construction. 'll the things re:uired for construction the method of


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construction, tools necessary for construction and the way to use these

tools. (imilarly to develop software system is very necessary."t is also said that good analysis is the base of good software. 'nalysis

is the major portion of the software development process. ' good

analyst must spend a reasonable time during analysis so that he must

not came back to correct his previous attempts. /ence it can be said

that the purpose of the system analysis is to understand the system.

Data +athering: The basic work of analysis is gathering data and analyzing it. Two

common data gathering techni:ues are interviews and :uestionnaires,

the data can also be gather by written material related to e+isting

system and to observe the e+isting data. 'fter e+amining the whole

system keenly " muster up my abilities to analysis the system at the

limits. When " got :uiet con)dence about my analysis " developed the

structure of the database, then )nal database.%ystem develo!ment life cycle ,%DL*-:' system takes input from its environment in order to function. Finally,

a system returns outputs to its environment as a result of its

functioning and thus achieves its purpose. The system development is

performed in a series of steps and these steps are called phases of the

system development life cycle. These phases areBhase 1 preliminary investigationBhase 2 system analysisBhase 3 system designBhase 4 system developmentBhase system implementation and evaluation

' life cycle is the way you and the project team organize the

work of product development itMs when you chose to de)ne

re:uirement, design, develop, and test, as well how concurrently. Nou

might have phases with gates or iterations. Nou could plan for a formal

design phase or chose to evolve the architecture and highClevel design.

Nou could choose to prototype for while and then engineer the

features, or you could implement by features and see how the

architecture evolves #@othman, 2--6&.

Five hases of %DL*:


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Breliminaryinvestigatio

n

(ystemanalysis

(ystem


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Financial Feasibility:(ince the system is being developed as a *.sc degree re:uirement

project, so on development e+penditures will be charged for the whole

development and the system will be free to use for the library. The

tools being used for the development are oracle 5i on back end and

oracle 5i on front end. (oftware or hardware is used, so the project is

very much feasible economically and )nancially.

(echnical Feasibility:'s our library administration knows how to use computers. (o full

technical supervision will be available for the system. An the other

hand does not have any e+tra ordinary technical re:uirement. (o the

project is technically feasible also.

#!eration Feasibility: The development system will be operationally feasible because it will

be e!cient, accurate and reliable and will provide more facilities thanother e+isting systems. The development system will be user friendly

and easy to understand, so average person would be able to

understand and use this system easily, no high computer knowledge

would be re:uired for it.

A!!lying for $embershi! of Library: TypeBrimary and essential'ctors(tudent #initiator&, 9ibrarian, /ead of


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%oftware %election:

The criteria for the selection of the software and function ability, =e+ibility,

security, performance, serviceability, minimal cost #0lias, 1883&.

The software design resources can be used their best if designers are usedas designer, programmers and used as programmersM, software designers

are used as :uick reviews software designers are used for long haul

#Tognazzi, 1885&.

The software tool selected for the developed system in oracle 1-g. This

software tool has been selected due to the following reasons.

Aracle develop 1-g is a tool that is designed for commercial purpose

applications. "t has good facilities regarding database handling.

"t has the ability to handle large amounts of inputs and outputs and toproduce reports of various formats.

"n the interpretation and compilation process, it is faster than any other

@T, %>"O based system

without any change.

%oftware Features:


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Results and Discussion:

0volution proves that the computerized library management system for the

%'F, ful)lls speci)ed re:uirements, compiles with end user objectives and

achieves anticipated bene)ts. The new computerized system has many

merits over the manual system.

(ystem provides a set of services that are used by library for information

purpose. (ystem components typically consist of hardware, software data

and workers. (ystems are speci)ed by the services they provide along with

other nonCbehavior re:uirements such as reliability or cost of ownership. '

system design consists of specifying components, their attributes and theirrelationships. The problem of systems engineering is to design and

implementation a system that meets the needs of library. 'nalysis of library

needs results in a variety of system re:uirements #@ational, 2--2&.

The objective of software development is to ensure the high :uality of a

software product, such as high reliability, maintainability, reusability, and

build ability. To achieve these goals in componentCbased engineering, we )rst

need to understand the characteristics of componentCbased software, its

strength, and weakness. Then we need to utilize these characteristics in

component based engineering practice. (oftware development process notonly brings great bene)ts to the software development team but increase

the :uality of the software products as well #$'A and Dacob, 2--3&.

odern project management is as wellCunderstood discipline that can

produce predictable, repeatable results. The methods of modern project

management are highly analytic, usually re:uiring automated tools to

support them on large projects. 9ike most other disciplines, it is learned

through both practice and study. (ince this chapter is an introduction, it is

)tting that we e+plain how we will be using the term project management.

Broject management encompasses many dierent skills, such as

understanding the interdependencies among people, technologies, budgets,

and e+pectations; planning the project to ma+imize productivity; motivating

others to e+ecute the plan; analyzing the actual results; and reworking and

tuning the plan to deal with the realities of what really happens as the

project is e+ecuted #/oweMs, 2--1&.


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$inimal Data Redundancy:

With the database approach, previously separate data )les data )les are

integrated into a single, logical structure. "n addition, each occurrence of

data items is recorded in only one place in the database.

" m not suggesting that all redundancy can or should be eliminated.

(ometimes there are valid reasons for sorting multiple copies of the same

data.

*onsistency of Data:

*y eliminating data redundancy, we greatly reduce the opportunities for

inconsistency. For e+ample, if each address is stored only once, we cannot

have disagreement on the stored values. (o consistency means when we

change an address is stored in two dierent records, the database systemshould update this data value in both records.

Accuracy of Information:

'ccuracy is the ratio of correct information to the total amount of information

produce over a period. The accuracy level depends on type of information

produced. "n computerCbased system, level of accuracy is nearly 1--P

unless there are errors in data entry. (ince all the calculations are done

automatically, so the chances of errors are very rare, which result in

accuracy of the system Thus the new computerized system is more accurateas compared to the manual system as all the in:uires done previously were

by hand, which sometime lead to wrong information. "n the new system code

and also saves the searching time to con)rm its uni:ueness in the )le. 0ach

table of the new system has at least one uni:ue key which eliminate the

duplication of each item. ore ever the validation checks ensure that

accurate data has been entered.

The new computer assisted system also provides timely and accurate

retrieval of information in an e!cient manner. Finally this newly developed

system is adaptable and practical able to the changing environment #


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Ease of 'se:

The developed system is being used button palette facility. /elp is provided

at every possible point.


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The new system is also =e+ible and capable of adapting to the randomly

changing conditions.

List of .alues:

' list of values is provided whenever needed, so that the user needs not toremember entries already made. ' single keystroke pops up a list and user

can select a desired value from it.

ost dataCintensive applications re:uire user to select values from list of

choices. "n many cases, the list of valid choices for one )eld depends on the

selection a user makes in another )eld. For e+ample, in a global commerce

application, a user might )rst pick a country. The ability to simplify the

creation of lists of values #9AQs& to support this kind of scenario has been

one of the most common enhancement re:uest for oracle application

development #uench, 2--6&.

'ser Friendly:

To developed system is user friendly because anyone with basic knowledge

about the computer system can e!ciently input, maintain and manipulate

the data. The system provides user friendly messages whenever the data is

inserted, deleted or modi)ed.

*larity of Error $essages:

'll the error messages are e+plicit, understandable and politely stated. 'lso

the error messages remain on the screen long enough to be read.

'!dating and Deletion:

"n the manual system the updating and deletion processes are very slow

because it re:uires a lot of manual searching J modi)cation in the data,

which itself is a time consuming job. 's a lot of modi)cation has to be made

in a day, on the contrary the new system will perform the updating anddeletion processes very fast and e!ciently. #ustafa et al, 2--5&.

/uman Intervention:

's only the authorized persons who will be responsible for the processing will

be allowed to access the system, human intervention will be minimized in

the system.


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0eat and *lean %etu!:

The manual system lacks cleanliness because the )les which are not

fre:uently accessible, are usually found full of dust. %pdating or deletion

processes also cause a lot of disorganization and cluster. The new system will

provide a neat and clean setup.

%sing the new system it is easy to generate dierent kind of reports that will

help to make the future decisions.

Acce!tability:

The system is acceptable to the management because they can obtain any

type of report or information pertaining to the system easily. >ew system

also provides concise information to management helping them to forecast

the pro)t and the product they sell #(helly et al, 1887&.

%ecurity:

(trong authentication allows identi)cation of the user. This is critical issue to

ensure con)dence in network security. Basswords are most common method

of re:uest to the database. (ince authentication will be integrated with the

database software, the analyst needs to be engaged in the implementation

and versed in the knowledge of how it relates to design of the entire

database system #


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was decided to accomplish the project as #*.cs& computer science research in

the department of computer science %'F.

For the subject industry, a detailed study of the library, functioning, and

re:uirements for the development of new information system, was carried

out which suggested the features and characteristics of the new informationsystem. The need of coordination with international library, %'F library,

needed a fast, feasible and e!cient information system which could hold

their huge records over years and for dierent products.

The software development tools include oracle developer. The developer is

used in front end for developing the graphical user interface, as it is an

e!cient tool for developing user friendly and attractive user interface. 't

back end for managing the data of the company oracle 1-g is used, because

itMs a fast database which supports a huge amount of data with features like,

easy and selective retrieval of data, :uick and selective report generation,etc.

The present information system is e!cient system is e!cient, accurate, error

free, user friendly, easy to operate etc. the user of uni)ed modeling

language #%9& technology is recommended for future projects.

References:

'nonymous, 1887 introduction to oracle (E9 and B9?(E9G volume 1.2,

oracle corporation, %(' pp 66C71

'rrington, H.T. 2--1, enterprise edition with %9, john wily J (ons, 5-

Third 'venue, >ew Nork, %('. pp 11C13

*elkhouches, *. and A. 9emus. 2---. "nternational Dournal of software

engineering and knowledge engineering. Qol 1-, number . Bp122C12

*oogs, W. and m.*oggs. 1888. astering %9 with rational roseG*B*

publications, *C14, Honnaught place, new dehliC11---1. Bp 4C5

*ruegge, * and /.< 'llen 2--4, AbjectCoriented software engineeringCusing%9, spatterns and java, second edition, pearson prentice hall, pearson

education, inc. %pper saddle @iver, >D -647. %.(.' pp 52C53


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