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LIBRARY SERVICES IN THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN
TAMIL NADU: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
DR. M. PALANIAPPAN
LIBRARY ASSISTANT
CENTRAL LIBRARY
ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY, INDIA
ABSTRACT:
The present era is the era of information and knowledge revolution. Library plays a vital role in
the process of information. Research is always based on the availability of information and
knowledge. The stuff of the research depends on the quality of information resources and
services available in the library. Today, researchers are more dependent on the online
information sources than traditional information sources. Academic libraries have the prime
responsibility of shaping the future generation by making them rich in information and the
libraries in these institutions have to supplement the knowledge base of the academic
community. The study shows that 31.8%, which is highest percentage in Alagappa University
have visited the library daily followed by 30.3% visited weekly, 29.5% visited alternative days,
and only 4 (3.0%) and 7 (5.3%) have visited the library monthly and occasionally. On the other
hand, it is seen from the Bharathidasan University that highest percentage 117 (47.4%) of the
respondents have visited the library alternative days, 73 (29.6%) visited daily, 50 (20.2%)
weekly, and only 6 (2.4%) and 1 (0.4%) have visited the library monthly and occasionally. It was
found from the total respondent that 41.2% of the respondents have visited alternative days,
which is the highest percentage followed by 156 (30.3%) visited daily, 90 (23.7%) visited
weekly, and only 10 (2.6%) and 8 (2.1%) have visited monthly and occasionally.
KEY-WORDS: Library Services, University Library, Internet, e-resources, Online database,
Search Engine.
1. Introduction
Information is all round us and is the staple diet of human beings. Information is variously
perceived as facts, intelligence, data, news and knowledge. Information has been a common
ingredient to all areas of human endeavor, be it the day-today affairs of business, matters of life
and death or the most trivial of pursuits. In a modern industrial society there are negligibly few
individuals, who do not, from time to time, occasionally or frequently have any requirement for
information. It is an essential accompaniment of almost every social activity.
Information is considered as important that contributes towards the development of a nation. It
provides the core for the development of knowledge, the basis for innovations, the resources for
informed citizenry, and as a result, becomes a key commodity for the progress of a society.
Acknowledging the significance of information in national development, Wasserman (1991,
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48
p.38) has noted that it is not an accident that the developed nations are those in which
information products and services have been brought into being and are widely exploited, first in
conventional forms and later through computer intervention”. Members of a society acquire the
needed information from a variety of sources. However, several of these sources are expensive,
complex or difficult for individuals to acquire and use. Therefore, the role of libraries becomes
vital in meeting the information needs of individuals in the society. Libraries develop their
collections, facilities and services to meet the information needs of their patrons.
The concept of information appears to have undergone gradual change from 1950s to the present
information based society. During 1950s the concept of information meant the reduction of
uncertainty. During 1960s and 1970s the so called „information explosion‟ was the object of
considerable attention. In the 1980s, the concept of information meant „decision relevant data‟.
In the 1990s the information concept has reemerged with a totally new face lift and has occupied
the centre stage having a profound impact on society and economy. Today, it has been an
accepted fact that information is emerging as a critical resource for user activities at all levels
from education to economic and social development, improving the quality of day-to-day life.
This turning point towards an information centered society in the present century calls for
innovations in generation; collection; storage; processing; and dissemination of information and
knowledge.
2. Review of Literature
Feldman (2000) conducted a study under name “Library Use Survey of Random Sample of
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Faculty: Final Report”. Objective was
to ascertain the use of university library in the year 2000. Majority of the users considered library
resources and services as essential to their professional productivity. A change was observed
between the usage patterns of library as 56% users were connecting to library by computers
against the 32% users in 1996. About 40% users favoured the need to increase fee/ additional fee
to get more revenue for library.
Gurdev Singh (2002) “Use of College Libraries by Faculty Members of University of Delhi.”
Study brought forward that textbooks were most frequently used resources, followed by
reference books and general books. Main purpose of visiting library was to prepare notes for
students. Journals and textbooks were not considered very adequate. Almost all the faculty
members favoured need for computerization of their libraries.
Kemoni (2002) conducted a study titled “The Utilisation of Archival Information by Researchers
in Kenya: A Case Study of the University of Nairobi”. Objective was to ascertain the utilization
of archival information by researchers and the extent to which the Kenya National Archival and
Documentation Services was meeting their information needs. Opinions of users were collected
by interviews. Study revealed that researchers were using variety of information sources to meet
their information needs and relied more on archival personnel to access information.
Kumbar and Lohar (2002) conducted a survey of 91 teachers of Sahyadri Arts and Commerce
College and Sahyadri Science College in Shimoga (Karnataka) under title “Use of Library
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Facilities and Information Resources in Sahyadri College” to study the use of resources and
services of their respective college‟s libraries. Various aspects of libraries regarding use of
resources, services and physical facilities were examined during study.
Okiy (2002) executed a survey of students and faculty members to assess the use of Delta State
University library under name “Assessing Students and Faculty Use of Academic Libraries in
Nigeria: The Case of Delta State University, Abraka”. The library had its origin from Advanced
Teachers College Library, Abraka. A difference was found between the frequency of use of
library by the faculty and students. Both the categories of users utilized books more often than
any other material, because of dearth of relevant current journals, abstracts and indexes. Majority
of users considered library services and facilities as fair. Only a small part of users responded
that they always found the needed material in library.
Padmamma et al. (2002) carried out a study to reveal the utilization of newspapers and
magazines in an undergraduate college under title “Utilisation of news papers and magazines by
the U.G. College teachers in Shimoga City: A case study”. Authors assessed the impact of
personal attributes of teachers on the use of periodicals by them. In another study, to ascertain
the use of resources and services of library of JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka,
Padmamma et al. (2002) took up a study under title “Evaluation of Medical College Library
Sources and Services: A Study”. Survey disclosed that majority of users were visiting library to
consult books or journals, and textbooks were the most used resources. Majority of the users
were satisfied with physical facilities of library.
Marcum and George (2003) conducted a survey of 3,234 faculty members, graduate students,
and undergraduates in 392 doctoral research universities, public and private, and private liberal
arts colleges of USA under title “Who Uses What?” Responses revealed in aggregate that
electronic information use was substantial and growing in the nation's major universities and
liberal arts colleges. Respondents were making their use for research, teaching, and coursework,
and have equipped themselves well to do so. Responses confirmed that print was not dead, nor
was the campus library.
Ogombo and Adomi (2003) conducted a survey to reveal the utilization of library resources
under name “Student‟s Utilization of Library Resources at Baptist School of Nursing, Eku, Delta
State, Nigeria”. Data was collected using questionnaire. It was found that majority of the users
visited library daily. About 59.6% students went to library to prepare for examination, while
54% users used library to prepare assignments. As the students were not given orientation,
majority of them went directly to the shelves to locate needed material. Short duration of loan
period, less number of books issued at a time and inadequate opening hours of library were the
problems found during study.
Agaba et al. (2004) examined the utilization of electronic information resources by the academic
staff of Makerera University in Uganda under title “Utilization of Electronic Information
Resources by Academic Staff at Makerere University”. Author examined the users‟ awareness,
type of resources provided and utilization of resources. It was found that majority of the staff
was aware about the availability of electronic information resources but did not utilize them.
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Mabawonku (2004) “Library Use in Distance Learning: A Survey of Undergraduates in three
Nigerian Universities”. Author assessed the use of library and information resources by the
students of distance learning in three universities of Nigeria. Study revealed that less than 50%
respondents were using main libraries of their respective universities regularly, whereas some
users were using departmental libraries and other libraries out of the campus to read personal
books. The reference and electronic collection was not used properly.
Sangam and Hadimani (2004) examined the use of Online Public Access Catalogue by research
scholars under title “Use of Online Public Access Catalogue by the Research Scholars in
Karnatak University Library, Dharwad”. Authors examined the users frequency of use and
purpose of consulting OPAC, difficulties in locating books, OPAC for periodicals and other
reading material, time spent in using it, approaches followed to locate material, assistance from
library staff in using OPAC, etc. Some users suggested for up to date library guides explaining
how to use catalogue.
Musoke (2005) investigated the availability and use of information by primary health care
providers under title “Access and Use of Information by the Primary Health Care Providers in
Rural Uganda: An Interaction-Value Model”. An interaction-value model emerged from study
which is driven by the value and impact of information unlike other previous models driven by
information needs.
Adikata and Anwar (2006) “Student Library Use: A Study of Faculty Perceptions in a Malaysian
University”. Authors ascertained the perceptions of faculty members on the students library use
and their role in motivating students to use libraries. Findings of study revealed that teachers
played an important role in promoting the use of libraries by students. Authors were not satisfied
with students‟ library use skills, available information resources and expected from librarians to
provide a comfortable academic environment in library. To study the use of periodicals by
scholars at National Library of Veterinary Sciences, Ahmad and Haridasan (2006) undertook a
study named “Use of Periodicals by the Scholars at National Library of Veterinary Sciences: A
User‟s Survey”. Out of 125 questionnaires distributed 110 were received back. It was found that
majority of the users were visiting library daily and used back volumes of periodicals for
research purpose. Majority of the users were satisfied with arrangement of current issues of
periodicals and arrangement of back volumes.
Atilgan and Bayram (2006) took up a study titled “An Evaluation of Faculty Use of the Digital
Library at Ankara University, Turkey” to ascertain the faculty‟s awareness and use of electronic
material at Ankara University. Findings of the study brought forward that majority of the faculty
members were aware about the existence of digital library and many were using electronic
databases. The impact of newly subscribed databases on the increased publications was found.
Lawoe (2006) conducted a study to examine the use of serial collection by students and faculty
under name “A Study of Serials Use at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Library, Kumasi”. Authors examined the adequacy of collection to meet subject needs of users.
One-tenth of the registered members were chosen as a sample for survey. Interestingly,
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undergraduates were using journals significantly, as lecturers were recommending them. This
study revealed gaps in collection development.
3. Objectives of the Study
The following research objectives formulated are listed as below.
1. To study the user perception on information sources and services between the research
scholars of Alagappa University and Bharathidasan University.
2. To analyse the information sources used by the users of Alagappa and Bharathidasan
Universities.
3. To study the information services used by research scholars of Alagappa and
Bharathidasan Universities.
4. To find out the staff attitude in providing information sources and services to the research
scholars of Alagappa and Bharathidasan Universities.
5. To find out the user satisfaction on information sources and services among the
respondents of Alagappa and Bharathidasan Universities.
4. Methodology
The research is based upon the research scholars of Alagappa University, Karaikudi and
Bharathidasan University, Trichirapalli, which consists of several departments. For the purpose
of the research study, every department in the said universities has been taken for real outcome.
The population considered for the purpose of this study is full time research scholars, doing their
research in Alagappa University, Karaikudi and Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli. The
total number of research scholars in the above said universities are 434. From the total
population, sample of 379 respondents with different age groups, qualifications, gender,
experience and specialization were taken for this study. From the total population of 434, 379
questionnaires were returned duly filled in with the response rate of 87.33% of the total
population.
5. Results and Discussion
Table.1: Gender-wise distribution of respondents
Gender Alagappa University Bharathidasan
University
Total
Male 87 (65.9) 163 (66.0) 250 (66.0)
Female 45 (34.1) 84 (34.0) 129 (34.0)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
It is found from the table 1 that Majority of the respondents (65.9%) in Alagappa University and
(66%) of the respondents in Bharathidasan University were male respondents and 34.1% and
34% of the respondents in Alagappa and Bharathidasan Universities were female respondents
respectively. In total, majority of the respondents (66%) of the respondents in both Alagappa and
Bharathidasan Universities were male and 34% were female respondents.
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Fig.1: Gender-wise distribution of respondents
Table.2: Age-wise distribution of respondents
Age Alagappa University Bharathidasan
University
Total
Below 30 years 101 (76.5) 215 (87.0) 316 (83.4)
31-40 years 17 (12.9) 12 (4.9) 29 (7.7)
Above 40 years 14 (10.6) 20 (8.1) 34 (9.0)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
It is identified from the table 2 that Majority of the respondents (76.5%) and 87%) respectively
in Alagappa and Bharathidasan Universities were below the age of 30 years old, 12.9% in
Alagappa University and 4.9% in Bharathidasan University were between the age group of 31-40
years, and 10.6% in Alagappa University and 8.1% in Bharathidasan University were above 40
years age group. To sum up, majority of the respondents (83.4%) in both Alagappa and
Bharathidasan Universiities were below the age group of 30 years old, 9% were above 40 years
age group and only 7.7% were found between 31-40 years age group.
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Fig.2: Age-wise distribution of respondents
Table.3: Distribution of Respondents based on Educational Qualification (s)
Educational
Qualification (s)
Alagappa University Bharatghidasaun
University
Total
PG 72 (54.5) 144 (58.3) 216 (57.0)
M.Phil 60 (45.5) 103 (41.7) 163 (43.0)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
It is noted from the table 3 that majority of the respondents (54.5%) and (58.3%) respectively
from Alagappa and Bharathidasan Universities were having Post Graduate qualifications
followed by 45.5% in Alagappa University and 41.7% in Bharathidasan University have M.Phil
qualifications. The above table shows that majority of the respondents (57%) in both Alagappa
and Bharathidasan Universities were having Post Graduate qualifications followed by 43% of the
respondents have M.Phil qualifications.
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Fig.3: Distribution of Respondents based on Educational Qualification (s)
Table.4: Distribution of Respondents based on Marital Status
Marital Status Alagappa University Bharathidasan
University
Total
Married 29 (22.0) 31 (12.6) 60 (15.8)
Unmarried 103 (78.0) 216 (87.4) 319 (84.2)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
It is identified from the table 4 that majority of the respondents (78%) in Alagappa University
and (87.4%) in Bharathidasan University were married and in overall it was found that Majority
of the respondents (84.2%) in total were married and only 15.8% were not married.
Table.5: Distribution of respondents based on Native Background
Native Background Alagappa University Bharathidasan University Total
Rural 76 (57.6) 102 (41.3) 178 (47.0)
Urban 28 (21.2) 105 (42.5) 133 (35.1)
Semi Urban 28 (21.2) 40 (16.2) 68 (17.9)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
From the table 5 that majority of the respondents (57.6%) in Alagappa University were from
rural background followed by 21.2% each were from urban and Semi urban background
respectively, in case of Bharathidasan University, it is noted that 42.5% of the respondents were
from urban background followed by 41.3% were from rural background and only 16.2% were
from semi urban background. To sum up, it is found that 47% of the respondents in both
Alagappa and Bharadhidasan Universities were from rural background followed by 35.1% were
from urban background and only 17.9% of the respondents were from semi urban background.
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Fig.4: Distribution of respondents based on Native Background
Table.6: Membership in Professional bodies
Membership Alagappa University Bharathidasan
University
Total
Yes 16 (12.1) 26 (10.5) 42 (11.1)
No 116 (87.9) 221 (89.5) 337 (88.9)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
The table 6 showed that majority of the respondents (87.9%) in Alagappa University were not
members in any of the professional bodies and only 12.1% were members in professional bodies.
It is also found that (88.9%) of the respondents in Bharathidasan University were not members in
professional bodies and 10.5% were members in professional bodies. In nutshell, majority of the
respondents (88.9%) in both Alagappa and Bharathidasan Universities were not members in any
of the professional bodies and only 11.1% of them were members in professional bodies.
Table.7: Visiting the Library
Visiting Library Alagappa University Bharathidasan
University
Total
Daily 42 (31.8) 73 (29.6) 115 (30.3)
Alternative Days 39 (29.5) 117 (47.4) 156 (41.2)
Weekly 40 (30.3) 50 (20.2) 90 (23.7)
Monthly 4 (3.0) 6 (2.4) 10 (2.6)
Occasionally 7 (5.3) 1 (0.4) 8 (2.1)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
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It is known from the table 7 that 31.8%, which is highest percentage in Alagappa University have
visited the library daily followed by 30.3% visited weekly, 29.5% visited alternative days, and
only 4 (3.0%) and 7 (5.3%) have visited the library monthly and occasionally. On the other hand,
it is seen from the Bharathidasan University that highest percentage 117 (47.4%) of the
respondents have visited the library alternative days, 73 (29.6%) visited daily, 50 (20.2%)
weekly, and only 6 (2.4%) and 1 (0.4%) have visited the library monthly and occasionally. It was
found from the total respondent that 41.2% of the respondents have visited alternative days,
which is the highest percentage followed by 156 (30.3%) visited daily, 90 (23.7%) visited
weekly, and only 10 (2.6%) and 8 (2.1%) have visited monthly and occasionally.
Fig.5: Visiting the Library
Table.8: Familiarity with use of Computer
Familiarity in using
computer
Alagappa University Bharathidasan
University
Total
Familiar in using
Computer
112 (84.8) 202 (81.8) 314 (82.8)
Very Large extent 19 (17.0) 29 (14.4) 48 (15.3)
Large Extent 38 (34.0) 116 (57.4) 154 (49.0)
Some extent 53 (47.3) 53 (26.2) 106 (33.8)
Less extent 2 (1.8) 4 (2.0) 6 (1.9)
Very less extent 0 0 0
Total 112 (84.8) 202 (81.8) 314 (82.8)
It is know n from the table 8 that majority of the respondents 112 (84.8%) and 202 (81.8%) in
Alagappa and Bharathidasan Universities expressed that they are familiar with use of computers
and 314 (82.8%) out of 379 respondents in total stated that they are familiar with use of
computers. It is also found that 53 (47.3%) respondents followed by 38 (34.0%) in Alagappa
University expressed that they are familiar with computer some extent and large extent, 19
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(17.0%) and only 2 (1.8%) stated that they are familiar with very large extent and less extent and
it is interesting to note that none of the respondents stated they are not familiar with use of
computers. In case of Bharathidasan University, majority of the respondents 116 (57.4%) of the
respondents expressed that they are familiar with use of computers large extent, 53 (26.2%) and
29 (14.4%) stated that they are familiar with some extent and very large extent and only 4 (2.0%)
stated they are familiar with very less extent and none of the respondents stated that they were
not familiar with use of computers. In total, it is noted that 154 (49.0%) stated that they are
familiar with computers at large extent followed by 106 (33.8%) stated some extent, 48 (15.3%)
and 6 (1.9%) stated very large extent and very less extend respectively and none of the
respondents in both the universities expressed that they are not familiar with use of computers.
Table.9: Training course undergone for computer operations
Training Course Alagappa University Bharathidasan
University
Total
Yes 64 (48.5) 169 (68.4) 233 (61.5)
No 68(51.5) 78 (31.6) 146 (38.5)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
It is observed from the table 9 that majority of the respondents (51.5%) in Alagappa University
expressed that they have not undergone for any training for using computers, on the other hand,
it was noted from the Bharathidasan University that only 78 (31.6%) of the respondents have not
undergone for training. To sum up, majority of the respondents 233 (61.5%) in both Alagappa
and Bharathidasan Universities stated that they have undergone computer training programme
and 146 (38.5%) stated that they have not gone for computer training programme.
Table.10: Accessing Place of Electronic Information Sources and Services
Place of Accessing
Information
Alagappa University Bharathidasan
University
Total
Library 35 (26.5) 191 (77.3) 226 (59.6)
Department 73 (55.3) 204 (82.6) 277 (73.1)
Browsing Centres 55 (41.7) 83 (33.6) 138 (36.4)
House 17 (12.9) 92 (37.2) 109 (28.8)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
It is found from the table 10 that in Alagappa University , majority of the respondents 73
(55.3%) expressed that they are accessing the electronic information from the department
followed by 55 (41.7%) stated in browsing centres, 35 (26.5%) expressed in library, and only 17
(12.9%) stated in house. In case of Bharathidasan University, it is found that majority of the
respondents 204 (82.6%) are accessing the electronic information from the department, 191
(77.3%) accessed from library, 92 (37.2%) from house and 83 (33.6%) from browsing centres. It
is concluded that majority of the respondents 277 (73.1%) and 226 (59.6% ) from Alagappa and
Bharathidasan universities are accessing the electronic information from the department and
library and 138 (36.4%) and 109 (28.8%) were accessing the information from browsing centre
and houses.
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Fig.6: Accessing Place of Electronic Information Sources and Services
Table.11: Awareness on Electronic Information
Awareness Alagappa University Bharathidasan University Total
Library Staff 22 (16.7) 102 (41.3) 124 (32.7)
Notification/Notice Board 22 (16.7) 159 (64.4) 181 (47.8)
Colleagues/Friends 98 (74.2) 197 (79.8) 295 (77.8)
Orientation Programme 15 (11.4) 55 (22.3) 70 (18.5)
Total 132 (34.8) 247 (65.2) 379 (100.0)
It is observed from the table 11 that majority of the respondents 98 (74.2%) in Alagappa
University stated that they were aware of the electronic resources through colleagues and friends,
22 (16.7%) each in the same university stated aware through library staff and notice board
respectively and only 15 (11.4%) stated that they aware through orientation programme. In
Bharathidasan university, it is noted that majority of the respondents 197 (79.8%) and 159
(64.4%) respectively stated that they aware through colleagues/friends and notice board followed
by 102 (41.3%) stated through library staff and only 55 (22.3%) stated through orientation
programme. To sum up, majority of the respondents 295 (77.8%) stated that they came to know
the electronic resources through colleagues /friends followed by 181 (47.8%) stated through
notice board, 124 (32.7%) stated library staff and only 70 (18.5%) stated through orientation
programme.
Table.12: Learning to use Electronic Information
Learning to Use Information Alagappa University Bharathidasan University Total
Self Taught and Trial and error 49 (37.1) 67 (27.1) 116 (30.6)
Online Instruction 40 (30.3) 115 (46.6) 155 (40.9)
Through friends/colleagues 53 (40.2) 145 (58.7) 198 (52.2)
Training provided by library staff 11 (8.3) 120 (48.6) 131(34.6)
Someone at Terminal 8 (6.1) 112 (45.3) 120 (31.7)
By reading books, journals, etc. 24 (18.2) 113 (45.7) 137 (36.1)
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It is noticed from the table 12 that in Alagappa University, 53 (40.2%) and 49 (37.1%) of the
respondents stated they learned to access electronic information through friends/colleagues and
self taught followed by 40 (30.3%) stated through online instruction, 24 (18.2%) opined through
by reading books, and only 11 (8.3%) and 8 (6.1%) stated through training provided by library
staff and someone at terminal respectively. On the other hand, in Bharathidasan University, 145
(58.7%), which is the majority of the respondents stated through friends/colleagues followed by
120 (48.6%) and 115 (46.6%) stated training by library staff and online instructions, 113 (45.7%)
and 112 (45.3) stated by reading books and some one at terminal and only 67 (27.1%) stated
through self trial. In total, it is identified that 192 (52.2%) stated that they came through
friends/colleagues, 155 (40.9%), 137 (36.1%) 131 (34.6%) 120 (31.7%) and 116 (30.6%) stated
that they learned to use electronic information through online instructions, by reading books,
training by library staff, someone at terminal and self taught respectively.
6. Suggestions
The following suggestions are put forward to improve the library services in the University
Libraries in Tamilnadu.
E-resources should be procured by the libraries and used to satisfy information needs of
the faculty and the users.
The need for adequate staff for the university libraries requires no discussion. The need is
for implementing the norms laid by the UGC in respect of the staff position for every
university library. Steps therefore need to be taken on priority basis to fill vacant library
posts.
The total conditions of the libraries are very poor due to insufficient grants on the one
hand and failure to utilize these grants in time on the other. The present budgets of the
libraries need to be doubled to enable the librarians to procure at least the minimum of
suitable books, periodicals, reference and special material.
It is necessary to see that an adequate number of text books, reference book and
periodicals should be procured as per the needs of the students, researchers and the
teachers.
7. Conclusion
Library and information centres are playing a crucial role in the growth and development of the
nation directly/indirectly by providing better services to the members of the society. Electronic
resources have become the vital part of human life in the 21st century. University libraries are
rapidly transforming into digital libraries. It is important that university libraries maintain the E-
Library with all necessary technology, for the effective use of electronic information. A large
portion of users in the university library are aware about the e-resources, but they do not know
all its techniques and applications. Further, a few users of university libraries in Tamil Nadu still
have no knowledge about the e-resources and related applications. For this purpose, there is
need for effective user education, to develop awareness and knowledge of the users.
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