I. Energy and Food.2. World Food Protein Resources.

ROSS C. J., Manager, Scientific Research, Canadian Canners Ltd., Re­s~arch Center, 1101 Walker's Line, Burlington, Ontario. (416) 632­9700.I. Disposal of Food Plant Wastes.2. Nutrition of Canned Foods.3. New Product Development in the Canning Field.4. Packaging, Labelling and Regulations for Canned Foods.

SIMARD, R. E., Department of Food Science, Laval University, SainteFoy, P.Q. (418) 656-7204.I. Purification of Waste Waters by Fermentation.

SMITH, R. M. R., Panco Poultry Ltd., 7466 King George Highway, Sur­rey, B.C. (604) 277-7184.I. Effective Management of Research and Development.

SOMERS, E., Director, Food Research Laboratories, Health ProtectionBranch, Health and Welfare Canada, Tunney's Pasture, Ollawa, On­tario, KIA OU. (613) 996-6071.I. Environmental Contaminants in Foods.

STILES, M. E., School of Household Economics, University of Alberta,Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E2. (403) 432-5239.I. The Gap between Food Manufacturing and the Consumer.2. The Reliability and Meaning of Bacterial Counts in Food Prod­

ucts.

TAPE, N. W., Senior Program Coordinator, Food Systems Branch, Agri­culture Canada, Sir John Carling Building, Central ExperimentalFarm, Ottawa, Ontario. (613) 994-5549.I. Expansion of Food Research in Canada.

TOWNSLEY, P. M., Department of Food Science, University of BritishColumbia, Vancouver, B.C.I. Plant and Single Cells - New Food Sources.

VAN DEN BERG, L., Senior Research Scientist, Food Technology Sec­tion, Division of Biological Sciences, National Research Council,100 Sussex Drive, Ollawa, Ontario, KIA OR6. (613) 992-3310.I. Effect of Relative Humidity on Decay and Quality Factors during

Long-Term Storage of Fresh Vegetables.2. Anaerobic Digestion of Food Plant Wastes.

SUBJECT INDEXADDITIVES

Brisson, G. J.; Chapman, D. G.; Richards, J.F.BAKING

McCabe, P.BASIC RESEARCH

Bligh, E. G.; Clark, D. S.; Clegg, L. F. L.; Hauschild, A.; Idziak, E.S.; Jelen, P.; Kitson, J. A. Larmond, M. E.; Lentz, C. P.; Powrie, W.D.; Richards, J. F.; Simard, R. E.; Townsley, P.M.

CONSUMER REACTIONS AND CONCERNSGridgeman, N. T.; Hoffman, W. H.; Stiles, M.E.

EDUCATIONPowrie, W. D.

ENERGY AND FOODRiel, R. R.

FERMENTATIONSimard, R. E.

FISH AND FISHERY PRODUCTSBligh, E. G.

FLAVORSHarper, E. N.

FOOD SAFETYBrisson, G. J.; Chapman, D. G.; Clark, D. S.; Hauschild, A.; Hoff­man, W. H.; Idziak, E. S.; Pivnick, H.; Render, K. M.; Somers, E.

FREEZINGLentz, C. P.; Powrie, W. D.

HEALTH FOODSRichards, J. F.

IRRADIATIONIdziak, E. S.

LABELLING

Can. lnst. Food Sci. Technol. J. Vol. 8, No.3, 1975

Ross, C. J.MANAGEMENT

Smith, R. M. R.MICROBIOLOGY

Clark, D. S.; Humphreys, T. W.; Idziak, E. S.; Micklea, G. D.; Piv­nick, H.; Stiles, M. E.

NUTRITIONBrisson, G. J.; Powrie, W. D.; Ross, C. J.

PACKAGINGClegg, L. F. L.; Ross, C. J.

POLLUTIONClegg, L. F. L.; Jelen, P.; Simard, R. E.; van den Berg, L.

PRESERVATIONClegg, L. F. L.; Idziak, E. S.; Lentz, C. P.; Powrie, W. D.; van denBerg, L.

PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIESMcGregor, D.

PROCESSINGClegg, L.F. L.; Kitson, J.A.; McCabe, P.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTHoffman, W. H.; Jelen, P.; McCabe, P.; Powrie, W. D.; Ross, C. J.;Smith, R. M. R.; Townsley, P.M.

PROTEIN, SOURCES AND RESOURCESBrisson, G. J.; Jelen, P.; Powrie, W. D.; Riel, R. R.; Townsley, P.M.

QUALITY ASSURANCEHoffman, W. H.; Humphreys, T. W.; Micklea, G. D.

REFRIGERATIONLentz, C. P.

RESIDUES IN FOODSBrisson, G. J.; Chapman, D. G.; Somers, E.

SAMPLINGClark, D. S.

SANITATIONClegg, L. F. L.; Micklea, G. D.

SENSORY EVALUATIONLarmond, M. E.; Gridgeman, N. T.

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONSChapman, D. G.; Clark, D. S.; Render, K. M.; Ross, C. J.

SUGARClark, J. M.

TRANSPORTATIONLentz, C. P.

VITAMINSClark, J. N.

WASTE DISPOSALJelen, P.; Ross, C. J.; Simard, R. E.; van den Berg, L.

LICENSING OF GOVERNMENT-OWNED INVEN­TIONS IN CANADA

CANADIAN PATENTS AND DEVELOPMENT LIMITED(CPDL) exists to promote the use by industry of Government-owned in­ventions under whatever patent protection it can obtain. CPDL is aCrown Corporation, set up in 1947 as a subsidiary of the National Re­search Council of Canada (NRCC) to patent, develop and license inven­tions arising from the Council's work; to bridge the gap between labora­tory research and the practical application of its results; and to representthe Council in commercial operations or litigation.

CPDL was capitalized with the contents of the NRCC patent fund- $296,000 (mostly profits from earlier licensing agreements). Since thenit has operated at no expense to the Canadian taxpayer and has increasedits net worth considerably. It has grown from a part-time operation withone full-time clerk to an independent organization with twenty-six em­ployees.

When the Public Servants Inventions Act became law in 1955, it em­powered a Minister'of the Crown to transfer to the Company the admin­istration and control of inventions from his department. (The Act alsospecifies that the Minister may pay an award of 15% of the gross incomefrom an invention to the inventors.) Since then, most inventions arising inGovernment departments have been submilled to CPDL.

The Company assesses the commercial merit and inventive noveltyof ideas submitted to it and if it decides to file patent applications, does soat its own expense. CPDL does not handle inventions for individuals orfor private companies. Patents are costly, and a first consideration in as­sessing an idea is whether potential royalties might cover at least the costsof patenting.

A52

FLOWMETER / VISCOMETER

Low-Noise Proportional ValveA recent invention from the National Research Council of Canada is

a proportional fluid-control valve that may be actuated either mechani­cally or by fluid pressure. Key features of the valve are its near-linearityof mass flow rate with control input and internal laminar flow for acousti­cally quiet operation. Potential applications lie in areas such as low-noiseflow-rate control, pressure regulation, dispensing of fluids containing dis­solved gases, and servo-control.

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CONTROL VALVE

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CORRESPONDENCEPrior to the 1975 CIFST Conference in Halifax, a letter addressed to

the CIFST President was also sent to the CIFST Journal for publication.Since the letter from Dr. P. Jelen (Food Science, University of Alberta) istoo long to publish in its entirety, abstracts of the letters will be printedhere.

Dr. Jelen wrote regarding the Conference as follows:I. The information package was distributed way too lale. I received

mine on April 17th, postmarked April 15th. Most of our section membershaven't received theirs to date.

2. I am surprised that the announcement about our convention cannot be found in the "Coming Events - Meeting and Conferences" col­umn of the Food Technology Journal (let alone other food-related scien­tific journals such as J. Dairy Science, Agric. Eng., etc.).

3. The most important point of my complaint, however, relates to thefees that the CIFST is not ashamed to charge the convention participantsthis year. To ask the CIFST members $70.00 for three days of technicaltalks, three luncheons and 2 receptions - and from the information ma­terial it is not even clear what these two receptions are going to be - is, inmy opinion, simply outrageous. Even more. though, am I enraged bycharging students $25.00 - and this is just for coffee, so to speak. Howcan we expect to attract new members when the only real benefit of be­longing nationally - an access to an annual convention - is practicallydenied everybody who is not on an expense account or in a government?

4. It is tempting to compare the 1975 1FT meeting arrangements withours: the 1FT, with nearly 400 technical papers and a very worthwhileFood Expo, charges the 1FT members $25.00, and only $3.00 (three dol­lars, that is) for students' The likely argument that 1FT can afford it withtheir 13,000 members as compared to our 1.800 or so, is utter nonsense. Infact, the 1FT have to rent expensive convention centres for their verylarge conventions (e.g. more than 6,000 attendees in New Orelans In

1974), while for the CIFST conventions the meeting rooms are likely pro­vided free by the hotels where the convention is held. Or. take the moremodest American Dairy Science Association with membership numberscomparable to ours - the 1975 ADSA meeting fees are $18.00 for mem­bers and $5.00 for students.

The CIFST President, Graham Bligh replied to Dr. Jelen's letter.Only abstracts are printed below:

I. Concerning the distribution of the information kit, you stated thatit was received "way too late." Is receiving the full program, etc.. SIX

weeks in advance of the conference really that bad? You must appreciatethat although the program was completed around March 15, it took acouple of weeks to have it reproduced. Envelopes had to be arrangedfrom Ottawa which were delayed by the postal system and finally arrivedvia air express which took a week. I am not listing these as excuses. buteven without a mail strike processes are slower than they were a fewmonths ago and our postal situation is still unpredictable. It was comfort­ing to learn, therefore, that you received your information two days afterit had left Halifax.

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LAMINAR RADIALFLOW PASSAGE

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~~~;:=~;:::;~jJL~ANNULARINLET

CAVITY

WALL STATICPRESSURE TAPMANOMETER

Decisions about licensing may be mainly a matter of cost accounting,and prospective licensees may demand not theoretical calculations, butdata from actual pilot plant operations. In such cases, CPDL may have tospend money to find out if the invention is licensable.

Licensing is a relatively simple procedure with each license nego­tiated individually with a minimum of red tape. Terms are adjusted tosuit the invention, the industry and the state of development of the inven­tion. Preference is naturally given to Canadian industry for manufacturein Canada but it is recognized that many inventions must be licensedabroad and licenses have been negotiated in U.S., U.K., Germany,France, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, Australia, New Zealand and Jar-an.

In general CPDL licenses are non-exclusive in Canada so that theCompany shall be able to grant other licenses if the original licensees areunable to produce a satisfactory product or to supply the needs of thepublic. On the other hand CPDL is anxious to encourage its licensees andusually will not grant a second license if a first licensee is doing a goodjob. Outside of Canada commercial considerations prevail and exclusivelicenses are sometimes granted.

CPDL gets its inventions from institutions not directly concernedwith developing commercial products. For the few cases with obviouscommercial value, the Company does not have to search for licensees; forthe majority, however, it is necessary to publicize them and to persuadecompanies that licensing is worthwhile. Ideally, companies should thinkautomatically of CPDL whenever they start to think about new products.

Interested persons are invited to visit the offices ofCANADIAN PATENTS AND DEVELOPMENT LIMITED,

275 SLATER STREETOTTAWA, ONTARIO

KIA OR3(613) 996-5530

The following are two recently acquired inventions which are nowavailable for licensing from the CPDL.FlowmeterIViscometer

New fluid sensor concepts from the National Research Council ofCanada include an invention for continuously measuring either the flowrates of fluids of fixed viscosity or the viscosity of fluids or the shear-rate­dependent viscosity of liquids and slurries. The device has no movingparts and has many potential applications for on-line process control inthe food-processing, chemicaL and petrochemical industries.

AS3 J. Inst. Can. Sci. Technol. Aliment. Vol. 8. No.3. 1975