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Chapter 01: Introduction

Background of the Study:

Bangladesh is a country of young and competent people whose talent needs to be leveraged

for economic development. The challenge is to ensure they gain the skills that will equip

them for employment, meet the needs of employers and economic growth and thereby

utilize the demographic dividend .In the next five years, the working population is expected

to double, meaning that around 50 million people will need to be trained.

Information Technology & Information Technology Enabled Services (IT/ITES) as sector

would need to be a large part of this national mission on training and skill development

which would also meet the national aspiration to shift the share of contribution to GDP

growth to IT/ITES sector.

Under the LICT, to be implemented by BCC, two ambitious projects to train 10,000 IT and

science graduates for the IT sector and 20,000 non-IT and HSC graduates for the ITES sector

respectively over three years through a World Bank funded program have been envisaged.

I was authorized to prepare a report on “Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment &

Governance” for fulfilment of my MBA degree. This report has been prepared based on my

learning on training program on the day- to- day activities and under close supervision of my

honourable teacher, Dr. Leyaket Hossain Mahmood.

I have started my internship in the training program on March 06, 2016 and at the end of

the program I am submitting my internship report focusing on the contribution of the

Information Technology (IT) for the development of graduate in Bangladesh.

Objective of the Study:

The primary objectives of the project are to catalyse the growth of Bangladesh’s IT / ITES

industry for employment creation and export diversification. Some of the specific objectives

of the project are to develop skilled manpower for IT and ITES sector.

To explore the knowledge of the deserving students with the interaction of

the potential international employers.

To highlight the details of the training program, the process of maintaining

this quality by the graduates and the related skills development.

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To develop the most appropriate skills of the graduates to some extent in

global market.

To ensure international quality and standards using online motoring

mechanisms standardized content and faculty training and certification.

Source of Data:

1. Training program on IT & ITES Foundation Skill.

2. Website of ICT division in Bangladesh

3. Websites of related training program of World Bank.

Project Profile:

Program Details:

Bangladesh has sustained a good track record of growth and development over the past

decades. The economy has grown by nearly six percent per annum over the past decade;

and has been resilient to the effects of the recent global financial crisis and frequent natural

disasters. In addition, the country has made laudable progress on many aspects of human

development and is on track to meet the Millennium Development Goals for infant and

child mortality and gender equality in education. However, development needs remain large

and pressing, with around 50 million people still living in poverty.

The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) has developed its Vision 2021 and Sixth Five Year Plan

with developmental targets which address some of these major challenges. The GOB’s Sixth

Five Year Plan puts an impetus on the use of ICT for improving factor productivity,

governance and service delivery, and on the development of the IT industry. The Plan aims

to accelerate growth to eight percent per year by 2015; ensure participation, social inclusion

and empowerment; promotes good governance; and efficient delivery of public services.

GOB recognizes the need to leverage on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

to achieve these ambitious targets and has undertaken a number of significant actions

under its Digital Bangladesh program. This program fundamentally seeks to leverage ICT for

the country’s next stage of growth and development, and support Bangladesh to achieve

middle-income country status by 2021. The GOB’s Sixth Five Year Plan puts an impetus on

the use of ICT for improving factor productivity, governance and service delivery, and on the

development of the IT industry.

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Sectored Context:

Bangladesh’s ICT industry has developed considerably over the past decade.

Telecommunications has generated total industry investments of USD4.5 billion since 2002,

and the industry currently provides about 8 percent of the government’s total revenue per

annum. Mobile penetration rates have increased from less than 1 percent in 2002 to 44

percent at the end of 2010, and 98 percent of the country is now covered by a wireless

network. The government has also actively promoted its Digital Bangladesh program which

has generated high expectations among citizens.

Bangladesh’s IT industry has remained relatively nascent as compared to

telecommunications, with total industry output estimated at USD300 million per annum,

representing a limited proportion of the country’s total GDP. In addition its e-readiness

remains behind global averages especially in terms of the general population’s ICT skills,

perception of the country’s suitability for ICT businesses, supporting infrastructure, and

technology foundations for the public and private sector.

Hence GOB recognizes the need to be holistic in its approach for leveraging ICT, especially

with regards to its Sixth Five Year Plan goals for governance, economic growth, and

employment creation. This is reflected in its strategic pillars for Digital Bangladesh, which

holistically covers

(i) Digital Government;

(ii) ICT in Business;

(iii) Connecting Citizens; and

(iv) Human Resource Development.

Institutional Context:

The Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information Technology and the Bangladesh

Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (BTRC) govern the sector. Ministry of Posts,

Telecommunication and Information Technology is the policy maker for the ICT sector and

the telecommunications sector. The Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC) is an agency of

Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information Technology,and supports the

implementation of e-Government programs and ICT capacity building initiatives; and is

responsible for managing key shared infrastructure and s tandard setting across the

agencies.

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Abstract of the Project:

Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment and Governance is a project of Bangladesh

Computer Council (BCC) under the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information

Technology. The project has been launched in January 2013 aiming to develop a vibrant and

healthy Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology-Enabled Services industry

in five years by identifying the strategies, programs and investment needed for the country

to leverage ICT for economic growth and competitiveness.

BCC is the implementing agency of the project worth about Taka 572.48 crore. Of the total

amount, the World Bank is providing $70 million US dollars and the rest by the Government

of Bangladesh. The project is expected to be completed by 2018.

Project Objective:

The primary objectives are to:

Catalyze the growth of Bangladesh’s IT/ITES industry for employment creation and

export diversification; and

Strengthen IT/ITES facilities, policies, standard and guidelines for public sector

modernization.

Specific objectives

Some specific objectives which the project will achieve are the following:

To develop 34,000 skilled manpower for IT/ITES sector

To expose local IT/ITES capabilities in to global market leading to improved global

awareness and perception of Bangladesh for IT/ITES business

To make available shared IT hosting and remote conferencing facilities for use by GOB

agencies

To strengthen policies, fix appropriate standards and guidelines for enterprise

architecture and information security

The Project at a Glance:

Basic Information:

Project ID P122201

Status Active Approval Date September 20, 2012

Closing Date December 31, 2017

Country Bangladesh

Region South Asia

Environmental Category C

Team Leader Siou Chew Kuek

Borrower*** PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

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Implementing Agency MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND ICT

Total Project Cost** US$ 70.00 million

Sectors:

Public administration- Information and communications 62%

Information technology 14%

Vocational training 14%

Other domestic and international trade 10%

Themes:

e-Government 44%

Improving labor markets 18%

Other Private Sector Development 15%

Education for the knowledge economy 12%

Export development and competitiveness 11%

Total project cost includes funding from World Bank and non-bank sources in US$ millions.

Active and Closed projects show commitment at Board approval. It does not reflect any

cancellations. Proposed and dropped projects show the forecast amount. The commitment

amount for projects in the pipeline is indicative and may be modified during the project

preparation.

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Learning from the Training:

Skills:

An ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and sustained effort to

smoothly and adaptively

carryout complex activities or job functions involving ideas (cognitive skills), things (technical

skills), and/or people (interpersonal skills).

Soft Skill:

Soft skills is a catch-all term referring to various behaviors that help people work and

socialize well with others. In short, they are the good manners and personality traits needed

to get along with others and build positive relationship.

Hard Skills:

Hard skillswhich include a person's technical skill set and ability to perform certain

functional tasks, soft skills are broadly applicable across job titles and industries. It's often

said that hard skills will get you an interview but you need soft skills to get -- and keep -- the

job.

Intelligence:

The persons who are spontaneous, logical & analytical to solve a problem.

IQ-Intelligence Question.

Wisdom:

The person who knows everything by experienced.

Knowledgeable:

The persons who read a lot is knowledgeable. He knows anything with laws.

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Spontaneity:

People who take right decisions at right time are spontanious. Emotional intelligence is

maturity.

Attitude:

Attitude is the thinking process.

Behavior:

Behavior is the process how you react with others.

Example:

Empathy Sympathy

Helping one by thinking the

situations.

Just showing Kindness.

Common-sense:

Common-sense comes from awareness.

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Leadership:

In the broadest sense of the word, a "leader" is someone who brings people together and

guides them toward a common goal. Anyone can tell others what to do, but effective

leadership requires much more than the ability to assign tasks to a group.

10 Leadership Tips:

1. Work hard to get ahead.

2. Strive for success, but remain humble.

3. Allow your "great idea" to evolve and change.

4. Acknowledge your own shortcomings.

5. Hire (and promote) the right people.

6. Ask for help when you need it.

7. Seek out a mentor.

8. Don't make promises you can't keep.

9. Always challenge and encourage yourself.

10. Earn your team's respect

Leadership Needs-

Role model concept.

Believe that people will love you.

Creating trust in people.

Always motivate people.

Loved to do any job effectively.

Trustworthy.

Integrity.

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Chapter 02: Theoretical Framework

IT: Information Technology is the application of computers to store, retrive, transmit and

manipulate data often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered a

subset of Information Communication Technology (ICT).

Information and Communications Technology (ICT): ICT is an extended term for Information Technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communication and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software,middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.

The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone

networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to

merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management.

IT Enabled services (ITES): ITES also called web enabled services or remote services or Tele-

working, covers the entire gamut of operations which exploit Information Technology for improving efficiency of an organization. These services provide a wide range of career

options that include opportunities in call Centers, medical transcription, medical billing and coding, back office operations, revenue claims processing, legal databases, content

development, payrolls, logistics management ,GIS (Geographical Information System), HR services, web services etc.

Leveraging ICT: Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment and Governance is a project of Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC) under the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology. The project has been launched in January 2013 aiming to develop a vibrant and healthy Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology-Enabled Services industry in five years by identifying the strategies, programs and investment needed for the country to leverage ICT for economic growth and competitiveness.

The primary objectives of the project are to catalyze the growth of Bangladesh’s IT/ITES industry for employment creation and export diversification. The project will also cater the

need of public sector modernization through development of policies, guidelines, e-government interoperability framework (eGFI) and capacity development of the

government people.

Software:Computer software, or simply software, is that part of a computer system that consists of encoded information or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical

hardware from which the system is built. The term is roughly synonymous with computer program, but is more generic in scope.

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Electronics: Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, energy in which the electrons have a fundamental role. Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive electrical components and interconnection technologies.

Internet: Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a network of network that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical

networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World

Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.

Electronic Commerce: Electronic commerce commonly written as e-commerce orecommerce, is the trading or facilitation of trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's life cycle, although it may also use

other technologies such as e-mail.

E-commerce businesses may employ some or all of the following:

Online shopping web sites for retail sales direct to consumers

Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third-party business-to-consumer or consumer-to-consumer sales

Business-to-business buying and selling Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media

Business-to-business electronic data interchange Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail or fax (for example,

with newsletters

Engaging in retail for launching new products and services Online financial exchanges for currency exchanges or trading purposes

World Bank: The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loansto developing countries for capital programs. It comprises two institutions: the International

Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the International Development Association (IDA). The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group, which is part of

the United Nations system.

The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty. However, according to its Articles of Agreement, all its decisions must be guided by a commitment to the promotion of foreign

investment and international trade and to the facilitation of Capital investment.

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BTRC: The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission is an independent commission founded under the Bangladesh Telecommunication Act, 2001 (Act # 18 of 2001). The BTRC is responsible for regulating all matters related to telecommunications (wire, cellular, satellite and cable) of Bangladesh.

Interview: An interview is a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given. In common parlance, the word "interview" refers to a one-on-one conversation with one person acting in the role of the interviewer and the other in the role of the interviewee. The interviewer asks questions, the interviewee responds, with participants taking turns talking.

Interviews usually involve a transfer of information from interviewee to interviewer, which is usually the primary purpose of the interview, although information transfers can happen

in both directions simultaneously. One can contrast an interview which involves bi-directional communication with a one-way flow of information, such as a speech or oration.

Communication: Communication (from Latin ‘communicate’ meaning "to share") is the act of conveying intended meaning to another entity through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules. The basic steps of communication are the forming of communicative intent, message composition, message encoding, and transmission of signal, reception of signal, message decoding and finally interpretation of the message by the recipient.

CV: Curriculum vitae, a summary of academic and professional history and achievements .

Body language: Body language is a kind of nonverbal communication, where thoughts, intentions, or feelings are expressed by physical behaviors, such as facial expressions, body

posture, gestures, eye movement, touch and the use of space. Body language exists in both animals and humans, but this article focuses on interpretations of human body language. It

is also known as kinesics.

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Chapter 03: Communication Skills

Communication: Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants

not only exchange (encode-decode) information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and

share meaning. In business, it is a key function of management. An organization cannot

operate without communication between levels, departments and employees.

How to be Effective in Communication?

As a Sender-

Know the receiver

Use appropriate language

Use multiple channels if possible

Repeat if required

Seek feedback

Ensure understanding of message

Be empathic!

As a Receiver-

Know the Sender

Listen / read with intent

Seek Clarification when needed

Use multiple channels to receive

Give feedback

Be empathic!

Types of Communication:

Verbal Non verbal

Oral Written o Signs

o Body language

o Paralanguage

o Silence

o Face 2 face

o Telephone

o Meetings

o Letters

o E-mails

o Boards

o Pictures

Non-verbal Communication:

It’s not what you say! It’s how you say!

Humans are capable of producing 6,50,000 nonverbal signals

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Nonverbal Communication contains 65 % - 95 % of your message

Actual words carry only 5% - 35% of your message

Communication Barriers:

Our Perceptions

Pre-conceived notions

Assumptions

Stereo types

Negative attitude

Communication Skills:

The ability to convey information to another effectively and efficiently. Business managers

with good verbal, no verbal and written communication skills help facilitate the sharing of

information between people within a company for its commercial benefit.

English Communication Skill:

L- Listening

S- Speaking

R- Reading

W- Writing

Listening:

The difference between Hearing, Listening and Active listening:

Hearing is a physical ability while listening is a skill that can be learned. Listening skills allow

one to make sense of and understand what another person is saying. Unfortunately,

emphasis upon the teaching of listening skills is given little attention in most training

courses. According to results of different studies, we remember

25-50% of what we hear;

60-75% of oral communication is ignored, misunderstood, or quickly forgotten.

Also, another studies revealed that if you are a good listener, you should find it easy to

establish positive working relationships with your boss as well as your colleagues.

The important point is that listening is a process; it is possible to train people to adapt their

listening styles: active, passive, and serious. Other styles of listening styles: attentive,

retentive, reflective, and reactive.

Hearing is a passive action consequence of our auditory system unwittingly captures the

sound around as a reaction to external stimuli that happens faster than any other sense.

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Listening is an active action, it requires focus, is a skill can be improved or lost. Losing the

ability to listen, means not going deaf, but be dominated by "digital distraction" and

information overload that were becoming an epidemic in a world that is exchanging

convenience for content, speed for meaning.

Levels of Listening:

1. Ignoring

2. Pretending we are listening.

3. Selective listening.

4. Attentive listening.

5. Empathic listening. (It is with the heart that one sees rightly what is essential is

invisible to the eye.)

Listening Skills:

Learn to listen with your face.

Eye contact enhances the quality of Listening.

Send out positive non-verbal signals.

Stop talking while listening.

Stages of Listening:

Hearing : focusing on and attending to the message Understanding : obtaining the literal message meaning.

Remembering : recalling the message for future action.

Evaluating :logic applied to the assessment of the message value. Responding :choosing an appropriate response to what is heard.

How to be a Good Speaker:

Slow Down Your Speaking Speed

Give Yourself Time to Think Learn Sentences, Not Only Words

Learn to Listen Practise Your Interrogatives

Barriers to Communication:

Language Barriers

Interpersonal Barriers Situational-Timing Barriers

Language Barriers-

Language Barriers deal with the way our words are understood.

Problems arise from words that are…

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Incorrectly used Used out of context Too specialized Too many different meanings Too Complex Grammatically incorrect

Interpersonal Barriers-

Interpersonal Barriers deal with the differences and personal characteristics of

the sender and the reciever that hinder communication. Age Status Role Cultural Differences Experiences, background and personalities impact how a message is decoded.

Situational and Timing Barriers-

S.T.B. deal with the time and place where communication takes place. The amount of noise in the environment affects how well we understand , and can

be understood. We need to match our communication style with the situation.

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Chapter 04: Group Discussion

Formal or Informal and voluntary gathering of individuals (in person, through a conference

call, or website) to exchange ideas, information, and suggestions on needs, problems,

subjects, etc., of mutual interest.

GD tests…

Interpersonal skills

Communication skills

Why are GDs held……………?

Most Commonly at MACRO levels

To assess group/team behaviour /dynamics.

Facilitates a simulated platform to measure potentiality.

Also tests at MICRO levels

Leadership Skills.

Motivational Skills.

Team play.

Divergent Thinking.

Listening Skills.

Presentation Skills.

Analytical/Logical Skills.

Types of GDs:

1. On the spot group discussion.

2. Case study model.

Group Discussion – (Communication Style):

Passive

Won’t express feelings.

Won’t disagree.

Others have more rights than I do.

Indirect expressions

Always agrees

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Hesitant.

Apologetic, Self-conscious

Trusts others, but not self.

Allows others take decisions for self.

Doesn't get what he wants.

Aggressive

Everyone should be like me.

I am never wrong.

I got rights. But you don’t.

Closed mind.

Poor listener

Dominating and bullying

Shakes fingers.

Frowns – glares –stares. Rigid.

Critical and loud.

Assertive

Believes in self and others.

Focus win-win.

Active listener

Non-judgmental.

Confident.

Open and natural gestures

Direct eye-contact.

Enthusiasm.

Even tempered.

Balanced mind.

Do’s:

Revise standard topics.

Be aware of the latest current affairs.

Memorize basic facts and figures.

Never hesitate to be the first one to speak.

Be mentally agile.

Hold your stand

Build rapport

Listen carefully

Try to cite as many examples as possible.

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GOLDEN RULE - If you don’t speak well, you will be rejected

DON’Ts:

No Negative Body Language

Don’t attack people…attack the topic

Never look towards the GD co-ordinator.

Never contradict your previous point.

Never disagree with any candidate in a blunt manner.

Important Points to Remember:

As the name suggests – this is a discussion NOT a debate.

Aim is not to win/lose – it is to express your opinion while respecting other’s views.

Group Discussion – Body Language:

Sitting Posture.

Cross legged/arms.

Use of Finger.

Use of Palm.

Eye Contact.

Hand/Fists positions.

Drumming/Fidgeting.

Facial Expressions.

Hand on neck/head.

Wrong Ideas:

Have to be Aggressive to be selected.

Speaking more is required.

Always speak in favor.

Everyone must agree to your point.

What you say must be unique.

Wait till there is time to talk.

Common Doubts:

What if I am not fluent in English?

What if topic is totally unknown?

I know a lot but not others.

If I am aggressive.

If I have low voice.

What should my stand be?

Can I agree which I disagree in the beginning?

Is there a need to conclude?

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Maturity

Ability to handle the situation at hand .

how he/she puts across his/her opinion

how the participant handles opposition

how the participant handles pressure

how the participant either

Mingles/follows/leads the team.

Types of Candidates:

1. Shocked.

2. Balloon.

3. Lukewarm.

4. Coordinator/Leader (self-appointed).

5. Winner.

The Assessment-

Spoken English:

Must be logical, Coherent, simple sentences nothing esoteric.

Knowledge:

The amount of genuine facts and figures quoted by a candidate…no beating around

the bush

Convincing Power:

Ability to push his/her ideas to the group while appreciating others point of view.

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Chapter 05: Grooming & Body Language

Grooming: In Global Scenario-

Understanding personal cleanliness and hygiene.

Identifying guidelines for dressing up.

Clothes.

Hair grooming.

Tattoo and body piercing.

Professional and casual business attire for men & women.

Body Language:

Signs displayed by the body, that either match or contradict what is being said or heard.

Component of Body Language:

1. Eye contact.

2. Smile.

3. Facial signals.

4. Handshakes.

5. Gestures.

6. Body posture.

Types of Body Language:

1. Aggressive.

2. Bored.

3. Closed.

4. Deceptive.

5. Defensive.

6. Emotional.

7. Evaluating.

8. Open.

9. Power.

10. Relaxed

11. Submissive.

Aggressive Body Language:

Facial signals.

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Attack signals.

Exposing oneself.

Facial expression

Bored Body Language:

Distraction.

Repetition.

Closed Body Language:

Arms cross.

Legs cross.

Looking down or away.

Deceptive Body Language:

No eye contact.

Anxiety.

Control.

Distracted.

Defensive Body Language:

Covering vital organs.

Fending off.

Seeking escape.

Emotional Body Language:

Anger.

Fear & nervousness.

Sadness.

Evaluating Body Language:

Hand movement.

Relaxed intensity.

Open Body Language:

Arms and legs open.

Looking around and at the other persons.

Relaxed clothing.

Power Body Language:

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Handshake.

Touching.

Talking and emotion.

Relaxed Body Language:

Torso.

Breathing.

Relaxed limbs.

Submissive Body Language:

Body position.

Submissive gestures.

How to Improve Body Language:

Paying conscious attention.

Watching TV.

Making some notes.

Interpret non- verbal cues in relation to the context.

Practice & observe people.

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Chapter 06: Corporate Etiquette & Core Values

Time Management Techniques-

It is number of seconds in each day

[24 hours X 60 minutes x 60 seconds = 86400]

It is what we do during the 86400 seconds of each day that will ultimately determine how

successful we are in our chosen careers

Both winners and losers have the same time. It is how they use it, will decide whether they

win or lose.

What Goes Wrong?

Managing time meaningfully is a challenge to many, because:

o We may not want to manage time [we have too much or too less time]

o We may not know how to manage time [barriers]

5 Step Process of Change:

1. Create a time log to analyze your time.

2. Write down the time wasters.

3. Analyze your time wasting habits /behavior.

4. Visualize the time saving habit.

5. Develop time saving habit.

Before proceeding further, maintain a time management note book.

How to analyze our time?

Time Analysis:

Without changing any habit, log your time spent at work for a month.

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After logging, analyze the month’s work in terms of time spent under quadrant I, II,

III, IV.

Analyze your time spent against the results you expected.

If you are not happy with the results – there is need for change in your time

spending habits.

Time Principles:

Plan your work.

Prioritize the key activities.

Delegate where required.

Make work into chunks.

Dump some activities.

12 Most Common Time Wasters:

Disorganized workplace.

Telephones / visitors.

Interruption/ distraction.

Procrastination.

Junk paper work.

Crisis situations.

Reverse delegation.

Perfectionism.

E-mails / blogs.

Internet.

The KISS Principle:

K-KEEP

I-IT

S-SHORT AND

S-SIMPLE

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Raft Technique:

R-Refer it

A-Act on it

F-File it (or)

T-Throw it away

Handle Information Logically:

By subject category.

Alphabetical order.

By date.

By color.

Geographical order.

Numerical order.

Chronological.

Get into New Habit:

Step 1 – Define your Role

Step 2 – Set your Monthly Goals

Step 3 – Schedule your Weekly

Step 4 – Prepare your daily ‘to-do’ list

Step 5 – Act on it, now!

It takes 21 days to create a habit, say psychologists

6 Steps to Effective Daily Plans:

First five minute planning.

Review your yesterday’s ‘To-do’ list.

Carry forward unfinished activities to today’s list.

Plan tomorrow’s activities.

Practice KISS in everything you do –letters, mails, phone, meetings

Organize your electronic info. systematically

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Prioritize things to do.

Update status of work at the end of the day.

Team Building:

Together every one achieve more

Group vs. Team:

A Bunch of Individuals (Group). 1+1+1+1+1= 5

An Encouraging Winning Team. 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 = 120

Team

Shared goal

Group

People

Collective

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TEAM

Team Formation:

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Good Team has ‘GRIP’:

o Goals

o Roles

o Interpersonal skills

o Processes

In Human Relations, The Most Importan

6 words are…. ‘I admit I made a mistake’

5 words are…. ‘You did a good job’

4 words are…. ‘What is your opinion?’

3 words are…. ‘Will you please?’

2 words are…. ‘Thank you’

1 word is…. ‘We’

Ethics:

What Does It Really Mean?

Derived from Greek word ‘Ethicos’ meaning Character or Manners.

Science of character of a person expressed as right or wrong conduct or action.

Set of moral principles prescribing code, explains what is good and right, or bad and

wrong.

Meaning of Ethics:

“Ethics can be termed as the science of character of a person expressed as right or wrong

conduct or action”.

Objective of Ethics:

1. Studies human behaviour and makes evaluative assessment about them as

moral or immoral.

2. Establishes moral standards and norms of behaviour.

3. Makes judgment upon human behaviour based on these standards and

norms.

4. Prescribes moral behaviour and makes recommendations about how to or

how not to behave.

5. Expresses an opinion or attitude about human conduct in general.

The least important word is…. ‘I’

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Common Unethical Acts...

Lying and withholding needed information.

Abusive or intimidating behaviour.

Misreporting time worked.

Discrimination and sexual harassment.

Stealing.

Breaking environmental and safety laws.

Falsifying records.

Drug or alcohol abuse.

Giving or accepting bribes.

Why Misconduct Is Not Reported...

Belief that nothing will be done.

Fear of retaliation.

Fear of being viewed as a troublemaker.

Why Ethical Problems Occur?

Personal gain.

Individual values widely differ with Social values and goals.

Competitive pressures.

Cross-Cultural contradictions.

Sources of Ethical Norms:

Fellow Workers

Family

Friends

The Law

Regions of Country

Profession

Employer

Society at

Large Religious Beliefs

The Individual

Conscience

Culture

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What is Value? :

Qualities, characteristics, or ideas about which we feel strongly.

Our values affect our decisions, goals and behaviour.

A belief or feeling that someone or something is worthwhile.

Values define what is of worth, what is beneficial, and what is harmful

Values are standards to guide your action, judgments, and attitudes.

Hypocrite – One who subscribes to one set of values, and does another.

Immaturity - One who has not identified his value.

Immaturity:

Unclear values

Drifters

Flighty

Uncertain

Apathetic

Maturity:

Clear values

Life of purpose

Meaning and direction

Direction: Values – Goals – Behaviour – Self-value.

Values give direction and consistency to behaviour.

Values help you know what to and not to make time for.

Values establish a relationship between you and the world.

Values set the direction for one’s life.

Where Do We Get Values? :

our homes, school, society,

friends, TV, church, music, books, families,

culture,

employers,

Time-period in which you were raised (70’s anti-establishment, peace, individuality.

80’s money, prestige, don’t get caught, etc. 90’s earth, green peace, health and

fitness), etc.

Age Will Greatly Influence Values-

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Different People and Things Influence at Different Ages:

Ages 1-7 --- parents

Ages 8-13 --- teachers, heroes (sports, rocks, TV)

Ages 14-20 --- peers (values because of peers or peers because of values?)

Ages 21+ values are established, but may test values from time to time.

Value vs Facts:

Values Facts

Values are things we feel “should”, “ought”,

or “are supposed to” influence our lives.

VALUE: All people should be active in a

specific religion.

VALUE: The best time to buy clothing is when

the price is discounted.

A value is a statement of one’s personal

beliefs.

Facts simply state what actually are. It is easy

to confuse values with facts.

FACT: Many people are active in a specific

religion.

FACT: The most economical time to buy

clothing is when the seasons change and the

price is reduced.

A fact is established by observation and

measurement.

Values and Behaviours:

Happiness comes from letting values decide your behaviour and goals.

Values can change over a life-time as your experiences change your view.

Types of Values:

1. Moral

2. Material

3. Aesthetic

4. Intrinsic

5. Extrinsic

6. Universal/American

7. Group specific values

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Chapter 07: Basic IT Literacy

Agenda:

Computer hardware, software, networking and security;

Office productivity tools - word processing, spread sheets and presentations;

Internet and social media

Questions.

Basic Computer Hardware:

Input Devices: devices that input information into the computer such as a keyboard, mous e,

scanner, and digital camera.

Output Devices: devices that output information from the computer such as a printer and

monitor.

Central Processing Unit:

CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the

Computer.

Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. This is usually

measured in megahertz (MHz).

Brands of Processors include:

1. Pentium 2.Celeron 3.MAC 4.AMD 5.Cyrix

Data Storage Devices:

The hard-drive is a mechanical storage device typically located internally.

Fast recording and recovery of data

Large storage capacity

Magnetic

Primary storage device for data and programs

Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s

CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory)

Approximately 600 to 700 megabyte of storage

An optical device read by a diode laser

FLASH drive is a compact and portable electronic storage device.

USB (plug and play) supported

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Computer Memory:

Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).

The byte is the standard unit of measurement.

A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).

Typical units of measurement:

1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes

1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes

1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes

Computer Memory:

RAM (random access memory) stores data that is processing. This type of memory is erased

when the computer is turned off.

ROM (read only memory) contains special instructions for the computer to operate.

Cache memory increases the speed of the processor by recording and anticipating

instructions.

Graphic User Interface (GUI):

GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a set of images and icons seen on the desktop used to

operate a program.

o The GUI makes the programs loaded on the computer easier to access and use. Basic

Windows GUI

o Icons are small pictures that represent files, commands, or windows.

o Windows is a GUI operating system unlike UNIX, which uses text commands.

Video Cards:

Video cards plug into the motherboard and are used to display video.

VRAM is video memory that enhances the refreshment rate of the image.

Video cards have chipsets that can increase the speed of video display.

Ports and Peripherals:

Ports are an interface between the computer and another peripheral device such as a disk

drive, mouse, printer, modem, monitor, camera, FLASH drive or keyboard.

Examples:

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Serial, Parallel, hot-wire, USB

Peripherals are devices that plug into a computer and are not housed internally.

Examples:

Printers,, Scanners, Cameras

LAN, WAN & Multiprocessing:

LAN: are networks usually in the same company or building. The Local Area Network is

connected via telephone lines or radio waves. Most LANs connect workstations.

WAN: are systems of LANs that are connected. (Wide-area network)

In multiprocessing, more than one CPU is used to complete a task. Example: network

rendering.

Multimedia:

Multimedia software programs include sound, pictures, video, text, and hypertext to create

presentations.

Software includes:

PowerPoint

Macromedia Director

FLASH

Basic Security:

What Does It Mean to Be Secure?

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“Include protection of information from theft or corruption, or the preservation of

availability, as defined in the security policy.”

Types of Security:

2. Network Security

3. System and software security

4. Physical Security.

Some Types of Attacks:

o Network Attacks

o Packet sniffing, man-in-the-middle, DNS hacking

o Web attacks

o Phishing, SQL Injection, Cross Site Scripting

o OS, applications and software attacks

o Virus, Trojan, Worms, Rootkits, Buffer Overflow

o Social Engineering

o (NOT social networking)

o Not all hackers are evil wrongdoers trying to steal your info

o Ethical Hackers, Consultants, Penetration testers, Researchers.

Virus:

Definition

Piece of code that automatically reproduces itself. It’s attached to other programs or files,

but requires user intervention to propagate.

Infection (targets/carriers)

Executable files

Boot sectors

Documents (macros), scripts (web pages), etc.

Propagation is made by the user. The mechanisms are storage elements, mails, and

downloaded files or shared folders.

Computer Security Issues:

Vulnerability is a point where a system is susceptible to attack.

A threat is a possible danger to the system. The danger might be a person (a system

cracker or a spy), a thing (a faulty piece of equipment), or an event (a fire or a flood)

that might exploit a vulnerability of the system.

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Counter measures are techniques for protecting your system.

Goals of Computer Security:

Integrity:

Guarantee that the data is what we expect

Confidentiality:

The information must just be accessible to the authorized people

Reliability:

Computers should work without having unexpected problems

Authentication:

Guarantee that only authorized persons can access to the resources.

How Can We Achieve Security? :

1. Many techniques exist for ensuring computer and network security

Cryptography

Secure networks

Antivirus software

Firewalls

2. In addition, users have to practice “safe computing”

Not downloading from unsafe websites

Not opening attachments

Not trusting what you see on websites

Avoiding Scams

Why Care? :

Online banking, trading, purchasing may be insecure

Credit card and identity theft.

Personal files could be corrupted

All school work, music, videos, etc. may be lost.

Computer may become too slow to run

If you aren't part of the solution you are part of the problem.

Upon discovery, vulnerabilities can be used against many computers connected to the

internet.

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Internet:

A world-wide network of computers allows people to share information

electronically.

Like a BIG book with many web-pages on different topics.

Can be accessed anywhere with an Internet connection.

The Use of Internet:

Search and Apply for jobs or schools

Send e-mail messages.

Send (upload) or receive (down load) files between computers.

Participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists and newsgroups.

Surfing the web.

keeping in touch with friends and family

finding information on almost any topic you can think of

accessing all sorts of online content like news, sport, weather and entertainment

online shopping and banking and for planning holidays

Finding the government information and services you might need when you need

them.A company that provides Internet access for customers (examples: Comcast,

Qwest, AOL).

Your computer connects to the Internet Service Provider (ISP), then to the Internet.

How to Connect to The Internet? :

Three main ways to connect to the Internet

3. Dial-Up

4. High Speed/DSL

5. Wireless Connection (Wi-Fi).

Internet Browser Software:

Internet browser software is the software you need on your internet device to view and

access content on the internet.

You might also hear the software being called a 'web browser'.

There are a range of options for which browser you might use. Your choice will depend on

your circumstances. Some browser software names include:

Internet Explorer

Firefox

Safari: for Apples/Macintosh

Chrome, and

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Opera.

Internet Services:

Electronic Mail (e-mail)

World Wide Web

Telnet

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Internet Telephone

Web TV/Radio

Internet Relay Chat

News Groups

E-mail Service Providers & Search Engines:

G-Mail

Yahoo Mail

Hot Mail

Google

Yahoo etc…..

Handling Common Problems:

Pop Up Ads - You can get rid of them by simply clicking on the X in the upper right hand

corner of the box containing the ad.

Page Not Found - The most common reason for a Page Not Found error is a typo, so first

check the address that you have typed to make sure that it is a valid address with no spaces

or mistakes.

Web Traffic - During certain times of the day, there is more traffic on the Internet, making

Web sites appears more slowly.

Stuck in a Page - Just right-click on a hyperlink and choose Open in New Window, and you

will have broken free.

Internet Safety Tips ……

Install anti-virus software. You can buy or download this.

Do not open emails from people you do not know.

Do not open an attachment from someone you know unless you know what the

attachment is. There is a chance it could contain a virus.

Do not download (save things from sites) that you do not understand and trust.

Social Media:

39

Social media refers to online tools and services which allow an exchange of ideas,

information, videos, pictures, and graphics — just about anything you can name.

Social media also allows easy sharing and distribution of existing content to others so that

professional work can be shared through networks.

Types of Social Media Services:

1. Social Networking Sites (Facebook, Google+)

2. Bookmarking Sites and Social News Sites (Dig)

3. Blogs and Microblogs (Twitter, Tumbler)

4. Shopping Sites (Amazon)

5. Multimedia Sharing (YouTube, Flickr)

6. Virtual Worlds (World of Warcraft, Second Life).

Advantages of Social Networking:

Fast communication

Direct communication

Low costs

Meet celebrities

Be informed about your friends

Share your experiments (music, video etc.)

Keeping contact with family, friends and colleagues

Building new/ old friendships

Sharing interests and hobbies

Exchange with people around the world

Employees are searched by companies (good profile)

Can play games.

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Chapter 08: CV Writing and Interview Skill

CV Writing Guidelines:

General Guidelines-

Throughout the document, the headers/titles are required to be mentioned as

inthe template. Donotchangethetitleofanysub-headerintheCV.IncaseaheaderlikeProject

training/Work experience is not applicable, delete the entire section as per theguidelines below.

The font style for the entire CV (including header and footer) is Times New Roman.

The font size for the entire CV should be uniform. Acceptable font sizes are in therange 11 to12.

Filledcircularbulletsaretobeused,asindicated.Sub-bulletsarealsotobefilled bullets,

of a smaller size, as in thetemplate. ConvertthewordfileintoaPDF.CheckthePDFversionofthefilebeforesubmitting, so as

to check for any potential alignmenterrors.

1. Header

Insertthefullnameintheheader.Thenameshouldbewrittenwithonlythefirstletters capitalized. E.g. Salman Rashid. The enclosing brackets need to be

removedafter inserting the relevanttext. Do not alter the position of any of thetags.

2. ProfileSummary

Provide a brief (two line) description of the background of thetrainee.

Example: CSE Graduate from Dhaka University with Top UP IT training in

DotNet Track, MCSE and 1 year experience as a Python programmer

interested in a career asa Mobile applicationdeveloper.

3. Training under LICT Project,BCC

Write the course name- Top-Up IT or Foundation Skills in the firstcolumn.

Write the Batch details like Batch ID and University name in the secondcolumn.

Write the Specialization track .e.g. Java, Web Design, Android, which the

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traineeis currently undergoing in the trainingprogram.

Write the date of start and end of the batch in fourth and fifth

columnrespectively.

4. Education

Write the Masters/Bachelor Degree and specialization in the first column.

e.g.B.Sc., MBA.

Write the period during which the course was under taken. In case the trainee

isstill pursuing the course, the period should cover the tentative year of

graduation e.g.2010-14

Write the major or specialization of the course. E.g. Electrical

andElectronics Engineering (EEE) or Management Information

Systems(MIS).

Write the name of the university or institute where the trainee is

pursued/pursuingher/his degree program. E.g. DhakaUniversity

Write the CGPA or percentage attained during the course. E.g. 3.4/5.

Mentionany achievement during the course. e.g. First Division,

Dean’sList

5. Technical/ProfessionalCertifications

Write the full name of the certification in the first column. E.g. Cisco

CertifiedNetwork Associate(CCNA).

Write the year in which the certification wascompleted.

Write the technical skills gained from the certification in the third column.

E.g.Network Types, Network Media, Switching Fundamentals,TCP/IP

6. ICTSkills

Write the technical skills acquired during the current ICT training program.

E.g.Core Java, Advanced Java, HTML, HTML5, CSS3,Hadoop

7. WorkExperience

Write the name of the organization/institute where the trainee currently

works orhas previouslyworked.

Write the duration of service at the organization/institute in the second and thirdcolumn.

Write the total duration of service in the organization/institute. E.g. 3.4 years,

8months

Write a brief description of the role performed at the organization/institute.

E.g.ensured timely service delivery to clients; lead a team of

twoprogrammers.

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8. Project/Training/Internships

Write the name of the project or training undertaken. E.g. Performance

evaluationof VLSI testingcircuit.

Write the name of the organization/institute in which the training or

internshipwas undertaken; write the duration of the

project/training/internship and anyother achievement during the

project/training/internship. E.g. Mastermind Ltd.; 2 months;Won first prize in

projectevaluation

9. Extra-Curricular Activities/Position ofResponsibility

Write the details of any position held during college/university, name

ofthe college/university and duration when the position was held. E.g.

Secretary-Student Affairs; Dhaka University;2012-14

10. PersonalDetails

Write the gender, approximate age, Email ID, Phone number and Address of thetrainee.

E.g. Male; 24 year; ajajahmed@gmail.com; +8801712233445; 14C,Splendour

Apartment, Gulshan 2,Dhaka

11. Footer

Write the name of the course the trainee has undertaken or is currently

undertaking inthe ICT Project. E.g. Foundation Skills, Top-UpIT

Write the specialization course which the trainee is undertaking. E.g.

Java,Mobile ApplicationDevelopment

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Interview Skills:

A structured meeting between a candidate and an employer.

Interviewing is a Two-Way Street:

Employers are attempting to determine if you are an appropriate fit for the job and their

culture.You decide if the environment is right for you.

The Purpose of an Interview:

The Applicants Perspectives

Persuading the prospective employer to hire you.

Displaying confidence in your ability to perform competently.

Demonstrating interest in the employers’ needs and interests.

Demonstrating behavior’s consistent with your advance “publicity”.

The Employers Perspectives

The purpose of the interview from the employer’s point of view is to assess/evaluate your

suitability, relative to other applicants.

By-

Verifying information supplied in your work search documentation.

Asking questions, listening to your responses and observing your body language.

Exploring your values, beliefs, expectations, skills, and qualifications as they relate to

the type of work you are seeking.

Gathering information about you to help in making an informed decision.

Types of Interviews:

Phone : used to screen & narrow the pool of applicants.

One-on-One: most common interview style and incorporates you with the potential

employer.

Panel: Many individuals interview candidate together.

Stress Interviews: Used for specific roles.

44

Meal: used to see how you interact in a social setting.

On-site Interview: Allows a tour of the facility, meet the staff, and additional questioning

from different managers.

Telephonic Interviews:

o Increasingly used as the first selection method – aim is to filter

o Be prepared for call – avoid clueless response

o Get to a noise free place

o Zero distractions

o Simulate a business environment

o Have your resume in place

o Request reschedule if called without notice & are not prepared.

o Practice answers out-loud

Important Do's and Don’ts:

o Enter with confidence

o Walking to the interview table – Smile and Greet – Hand Shake – Make Eye Contact.

o Take a seat only after you are asked to

o Sit confidently

o Take your time – think and answer – don’t rush

o Asking for water

o Placing your bag or other belongings

o Cell phone

o Managing sudden itches

o Yawning

o Sneezing

o Eye contact

o Dress code

o Para language

o Managing silence

o Facial expression

o What to do when offered a cup of coffee/tea/any other drink

o Smoking before interview o Bad breath management

o Chewing Pan/’Gutka’/Gum

o Perfumes and deodorants

o Handling a panel in place of a single interviewer

o Don’t give-up during the entire interview

o Thank and leave the room

Interview Myths:

45

The best person for the job gets it

Interviews are like school exams— the more you say, the better you’ll do

Interviewers know what they’re doing

Never say ‘I don’t know’

Good-looking people get the job

If you answer the questions better than the others, you’ll get the job

You should try to give the perfect answer

You must ask questions to demonstrate your interest and intelligence

Relax and just be yourself

Interviewers are looking for flaws

Common Interview Mistakes:

No Communication Skills

Failing to express oneself clearly

Not being aware of one’s body language

Failing to control those nerves

Failing to give appropriate examples

Trying too hard to please the interviewer

Body Language in Interviews:

1. Sit all the way back in your seat.

2. Don't go for direct eye contact

3. Show your palms.

4. Use hand gestures while speaking.

5. Plant your feet on the ground

6. Nod your head while listening.

7. Lean in

Sitting Position:

Attention

Sitting on the edge of the chair

Leaning forward and making eye contact while you answer

46

Avoid his Posture in an Interview:

Crossed legs

Legs crossed at ankle

Hands on the table

Arms crossed on chest

Right Way to Sit

Hands comfortably and naturally placed either in the lap or on the arm rest;

Avoid this in an Interview:

Putting objects in mouth

Rubbing eye

Rubbing Nose

Head in the hand

Covering mouth

Cracking Knuckles

Wringing hands or drumming fingers

Hands on hips

Hands in the pocket

Handshake !!!:

1. Firm handshake.

2. Glove handshake

Types of handshakes:

1. Palm up

2. Palm Down

3. Fingertip-grab handshake

4. Dead fish

7 Ways to Banish (Almost) All of Your Pre-Interview Jitters

1. Meditate and Breathe

2. Eat a Banana

3. Exercise

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4. Visualize Success

5. Do a Power Pose

6. Smile Like You Mean It

7. Practice

Over Confident:

marked by excessiveconfidence;"anarrogantandcocksurematerialist";

Eye Contact:

Making the right amount of eye contact in an interview can make the difference in whether

you successfully snag a job. According to UCLA professor and researcher Albert Mehrabian,

55 percent of messages processed by the brain are based on a person's body language. This

means that your facial and eye movements are constantly being judged -- perhaps even

more so than the skills and previous employment listed on your resume. The eyes become

the window into your interest level, confidence and professionalism during an interview.

When you establish good eye contact, you'll feel heard and appear likable.

Convincing them you’re right for the job:

Correct preparation

• Knowing the things that are important to interviewers.

• Practicing your answers.

• Perseverance.

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Interview – Few Basic Questions:

Some Other Important Questions:

Tell me about yourself?

Why should I hire you?

What is your expectation from the company?

Describe your ideal career?

What is your strength?

What is your weakness?

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Conclusion:

Internship is a link between abstract knowledge and matter-of-fact knowledge. Now that I

have accomplished my Internship, I believe the knowledge that I have obtained in the

training program will be demonstrated vital for me to go in advance in my professional life.

All through my internship I have realized how modern Science and Information Technology

have been contributing more and more to the development of operational and

management process.

It will be a career decisive and days transforming chance for the graduates who would get selected and qualify for this fullyfunded, government program. They will beable to learn from

qualified trainers, interact with industry leaders and receive a recognized certificate if they qualify the certification examinations and meet the strict attendance requirements. The programs will open up national and international career opportunities to the graduate’s post these programs as the programs are employment linked. To serve in the profession well, employees need to be skilful in many areas fas ter

development of new business strategies, shrinking company formalities, handling times,

improving personal grooming & body language and increasing and maintaining knowledge

of professional skills for accomplishing all these goals. Free-lancing is now-a-days an

important IT sector by which a graduate or non-graduate can contribute in national and

global economy.