Life After SlaveryLife After Slavery

1865-19001865-1900

Slavery EndsSlavery Ends

1863 President Lincoln signs the 1863 President Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation into lawinto law

This document frees slaves in the This document frees slaves in the Confederacy, the southern states in Confederacy, the southern states in rebellion.rebellion.

Blacks living outside of the Blacks living outside of the Confederacy remain slaves.Confederacy remain slaves.

ReconstructionReconstruction

The rebuilding of the economy of The rebuilding of the economy of Confederacy following the Civil WarConfederacy following the Civil War

1313thth Amendment to the Constitution Amendment to the Constitution frees all slaves and officially ends frees all slaves and officially ends slavery in the USA slavery in the USA

Former slaves leave the Plantations Former slaves leave the Plantations in search of work as freedmenin search of work as freedmen

Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau

An organization established by the An organization established by the government that helped ex-slaves government that helped ex-slaves and poor whitesand poor whites

Established schools, provided Established schools, provided medical care, and helped find homes medical care, and helped find homes and jobs for people and jobs for people

Helped former slaves began to build Helped former slaves began to build new lives for themselves away from new lives for themselves away from the Plantationsthe Plantations

ProblemsProblems

Ex-slaves had limited job skills Ex-slaves had limited job skills outside of the Plantationsoutside of the Plantations

Little to no real educationLittle to no real education Left the plantations in large numbers Left the plantations in large numbers

traveling around looking for worktraveling around looking for work Klan develops as a hate group to Klan develops as a hate group to

control the activities of ex-slaves by control the activities of ex-slaves by attacking, beating and lynching, used attacking, beating and lynching, used fear to control ex-slaves fear to control ex-slaves

Black CodesBlack Codes

Laws passed by southern states to control Laws passed by southern states to control the ex-slavesthe ex-slaves

White’s used these laws to maintain white White’s used these laws to maintain white supremacy in the southsupremacy in the south

Prejudice and racial discrimination Prejudice and racial discrimination continues and legal segregation developscontinues and legal segregation develops

Blacks were given curfews, needed a white Blacks were given curfews, needed a white benefactor to do business, were jailed for benefactor to do business, were jailed for minor crimes then leased out to work the minor crimes then leased out to work the Plantations, mines and lumbar yards, as Plantations, mines and lumbar yards, as servants to Whites servants to Whites

Ex-slavesEx-slaves

1414thth Amendment gives citizenship Amendment gives citizenship rights to the ex-slavesrights to the ex-slaves

1515thth Amendment gives voting rights to Amendment gives voting rights to the ex-slavesthe ex-slaves

Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce become the first Blacks elected to the become the first Blacks elected to the US Senate.US Senate.

1872 seven Black men are serving in 1872 seven Black men are serving in the US Senatethe US Senate

EducationEducation

Schools are established to teach the Schools are established to teach the former slaves to readformer slaves to read

Black churches began to open Black churches began to open universities to educate Black Studentsuniversities to educate Black Students

Morehouse College, Howard Morehouse College, Howard University, Hampton Institute, Fisk University, Hampton Institute, Fisk University, Shaw University, and St. University, Shaw University, and St. Augustine’s college are among the Augustine’s college are among the first HBCU’s to open.first HBCU’s to open.

HBCU’sHBCU’s

Historically Black Colleges and Historically Black Colleges and UniversitiesUniversities

Train Black Teachers and DoctorsTrain Black Teachers and Doctors Provided education in the social gracesProvided education in the social graces Taught former slaves how to manage Taught former slaves how to manage

business, eat properly, dress properly, business, eat properly, dress properly, speak properlyspeak properly

Alpha Phi Alpha founded as the 1Alpha Phi Alpha founded as the 1stst All All Black FraterntiyBlack Fraterntiy

SharecroppingSharecropping

The economic system to develop in the The economic system to develop in the south following the end of slaverysouth following the end of slavery

Ex-slaves were allowed to remain on the Ex-slaves were allowed to remain on the Plantation and work as Plantation and work as Sharecroppers. Sharecroppers.

The Black Sharecropper and his family The Black Sharecropper and his family provided the labor to produce the cash provided the labor to produce the cash crops. The crops. The White LandlordWhite Landlord(former (former Master of the Plantation) provided the Master of the Plantation) provided the land and supplies needed to produce land and supplies needed to produce the crop.the crop.

SharecroppingSharecropping When the crop was sold the expenses for When the crop was sold the expenses for

producing the crop was deducted from the Black producing the crop was deducted from the Black Sharecroppers half of the money. Sharecroppers half of the money.

The Sharecropper received any money left after The Sharecropper received any money left after expenses were deducted. expenses were deducted.

White Landlords regularly cheated the Black White Landlords regularly cheated the Black Sharecropper who had little to no education out Sharecropper who had little to no education out of his share of the money.of his share of the money.

Laws made it impossible for the Black Laws made it impossible for the Black Sharecropper to question the Landlord. Sharecropper to question the Landlord.

Under this system, most Blacks continued to live Under this system, most Blacks continued to live in slave like conditions.in slave like conditions.

LeadershipLeadership Newspaper editor and journalist. Wrote extensively about the Newspaper editor and journalist. Wrote extensively about the

lynching of Blackslynching of Blacks Became a leading spokeswoman on the racial injustice and Became a leading spokeswoman on the racial injustice and

women’s rightswomen’s rights Wrote exposes on White violence and the lynching of BlacksWrote exposes on White violence and the lynching of Blacks

Ida B. Wells

LeadershipLeadership

Marcus Garvey

•Founder of the Black Nationalist Movement. Encouraged Negroes to become economically independent by creating their own communities, businesses and schools.

•Encouraged Negroes to create their own societies separate from White societies

•Believed that Negroes would never achieve racial equality and became the leader of the Pan African Movement. This movement encouraged the migration of Negroes back to Africa.

•Founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association to assist Negroes in returning to Africa.

LeadershipLeadership

•Born as a slave, became free as a result of the Civil War

•Educator, Writer and Spokesman for the Negro race

•Founded Tuskegee Institute to teach a trade to former slaves, become the philosophy of Vocation Education

•Believed that Blacks needed to learn to read and write and to accept servant type jobs before demanding equality

•Atlanta Compromise, this speech encouraged Blacks to accept social segregation, and that equality could not be forced upon White People

•Wrote his autobiography, Up From Slavery

Booker T. Washington

LeadershipLeadership

W.E.B. DuBois

•Writer, educator, and spokesman for the Negro Race•The 1st Black Man to earn a PHD from Harvard •Believed that Negroes should fight for equality while earning an education.•Author of Souls of Black Folks•Niagara Movement: meeting of the Talented Tenth, members of the Black Middle Class that Dubois believed would lead Negroes out of poverty•Founder of the NAACP, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, it’s goal is to defend the legal rights of Negroes

LeadershipLeadership Benjamin SingletonBenjamin Singleton: leader of the : leader of the Exodusters: Exodusters: former slaves moving former slaves moving

out West and established independent Black communities. out West and established independent Black communities. Nicodemas and Lawrence, Kansas Nicodemas and Lawrence, Kansas were the most well known.were the most well known.

Madam CJ Walker:Madam CJ Walker: Ist Female Millionaire, invented and marketed hair Ist Female Millionaire, invented and marketed hair care products and the straightening combcare products and the straightening comb

George Washington Carver:George Washington Carver: scientist at Tuskegee Institute formulated scientist at Tuskegee Institute formulated hundreds of products from the peanut and sweet potatohundreds of products from the peanut and sweet potato

Daniel Hale Williams:Daniel Hale Williams: Performed the 1 Performed the 1stst successful heart operation successful heart operation Matthew Henson: Matthew Henson: an explorer, was one of the 1an explorer, was one of the 1stst men to reach the men to reach the

North PoleNorth Pole Elijah Lovejoy: Elijah Lovejoy: invented the automatic oil cup for trains and heavy invented the automatic oil cup for trains and heavy

equipmentequipment Granville T. Woods: Granville T. Woods: invented the automatic air brakeinvented the automatic air brake North Carolina Mutual:North Carolina Mutual:11stst successful Black owned insurance company successful Black owned insurance company

LeadershipLeadership Elizabeth Keckley: Elizabeth Keckley: seamstress for Mrs. Lincoln, writer of seamstress for Mrs. Lincoln, writer of

Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White HouseThirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House Charles Chestnutt: Charles Chestnutt: writer from North Carolina, wrote about writer from North Carolina, wrote about

the problems of the “tragic mulatto,” mixed people who the problems of the “tragic mulatto,” mixed people who were not accepted by the Black or White race. were not accepted by the Black or White race. House House Behind the Cedars Behind the Cedars and and The Wife of His Youth, The Wife of His Youth, considered considered his most famous workhis most famous work

Paul Laurence Dunbar: Paul Laurence Dunbar: 11stst widely recognized Black Poet widely recognized Black Poet