Slide 1
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
Life Cycle Assessment in Concentrating Solar Power
E. Batuecas, C. Mayo, R. Díaz and F.J. Pérez Trujillo
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
17th of May 2017, Madrid
Slide 2
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
00 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LCA DEFINITION
3. LCA STANDARDS
4. GOAL AND SCOPE
5. LCA INVENTORY
6. IMPACT ASSESMENT
7. SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP STUDIES
Slide 3
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
01 INTRODUCTION
CSP TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES: METALS: CORROSION RESISTANCE
HTF/TES: THERMAL PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT
NEW MATERIALS ¿ENVIROMENTAL PERFORMANCE?
LIFE CYCLE ASSESMENT
Slide 4
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
00 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LCA DEFINITION
3. LCA STANDARDS
4. GOAL AND SCOPE
5. LCA INVENTORY
6. IMPACT ASSESMENT
7. SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP STUDIES
Slide 5
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
02 LCA DEFINITION
Slide 6
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
02 LCA DEFINITION
Slide 7
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
00 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LCA DEFINITION
3. LCA STANDARDS
4. GOAL AND SCOPE
5. LCA INVENTORY
6. IMPACT ASSESMENT
7. SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP STUDIES
Slide 8
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
03 LCA STANDARDS
ISO 14040:2006
Environmental management.
Life cycle assessment.
Principles and framework.
ISO 14044:2006
Environmental management.
Life cycle assessment.
Requirements and guidelines
1.
Goal and scope
definition
2.
Inventory analysis
3.
Impact assessment
4.
Interpretation
Direct applications
- Product development
and improvement
- Strategic planning.
- Public policity making
- Marketing.
- Other.
Slide 9
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
00 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LCA DEFINITION
3. LCA STANDARDS
4. GOAL AND SCOPE
5. LCA INVENTORY
6. IMPACT ASSESMENT
7. SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP STUDIES
Slide 10
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
1.
Goal and scope
definition
2.
Inventory analysis
3.
Impact assessment
4.
Interpretation
04 GOAL AND SCOPE
IN THIS STEP, DETERMINATE:
1. SYSTEM BOUNDARIES.
2. FUNCTIONAL UNIT.
The functional unit is a measure of
the studied system and it provides
a reference to which the inputs and
outputs can be related.
2.
Inventory analysis
Slide 11
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
00 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LCA DEFINITION
3. LCA STANDARDS
4. GOAL AND SCOPE
5. LCA INVENTORY
6. IMPACT ASSESMENT
7. SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP STUDIES
Slide 12
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
05 LCA INVENTORY
System boundaries
PROCESS MAP SYSTEM BOUNDARIES LCA INVENTORY IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
Extraction
Production
Distribution
Use
End of life
Raw materials
Energy
Emissions
Waste
Other
Slide 13
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
05 HOW TO GET A LCA INVENTORY
Receptor
Molten
salt tanks
Power
block
Solar field
CSP DESIGN POWER
CSP LOCATION
TES TIME
SAM
INPUTS SOFTWARE OUTPUTS: MATERIALS INVOLVED
LOCATION: Fuentes de Andalucía, SEVILLA FUNCTIONAL UNIT: 1 Plant
Slide 14
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
00 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LCA DEFINITION
3. LCA STANDARDS
4. GOAL AND SCOPE
5. LCA INVENTORY
6. IMPACT ASSESMENT
7. SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP STUDIES
Slide 15
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
1.
Goal and scope
definition
2.
Inventory analysis
3.
Impact assessment
4.
Interpretation
06 IMPACT ASSESMENT
IN THIS STEP:
1. METHOD CHOICE.
2. SOFTWARE AND DATABASE
CHOICE.
3. IMPACTS CALCULATION
2.
Inventory analysis
3.
Impact assessment
Slide 16
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
06 IMPACT ASSESMENT
LCA
Inventory SimaPro
8.0
Method:
CML
Recipe
Others
Data Base:
Ecoinvent 3
𝑪𝑪 = 𝑮𝑾𝑷𝒊 · 𝒎𝒊
…
𝑨𝑶 = 𝑶𝑫𝑷𝒊 · 𝒎𝒊
𝑨 = 𝑨𝑷𝒊 · 𝒎𝒊
𝑬 = 𝑬𝑷𝒊 · 𝒎𝒊
1. Clasification
2. Characterization
3. Normalization
RESULTS
Slide 17
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
06 IMPACT ASSESMENT
MOLTEN SALT
OTHERS
STEEL
SYNTHETIC OIL
Impact categories
(depending on method)
Abiotic depletion
Global Warming potenital
Ozone depletion
Human toxicity
Terrestrial ecotoxicity
Metal depletion
Acidification
Eutrofization
…
CLASIFICATION CARACTERIZATION
kg CO2 eq
MS
S
O
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
NORMALIZATION
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 = 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑞 / 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂2𝐺𝐿𝑂𝐵𝐴𝐿
𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝐶𝑇 𝐶𝐴𝑇𝐸𝐺𝑂𝑅𝑌𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀 = 𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝐶𝑇 𝐶𝐴𝑇𝐸𝐺𝑂𝑅𝑌𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐶𝑇
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀
𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝐶𝑇 𝐶𝐴𝑇𝐸𝐺𝑂𝑅𝑌𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐶𝑇
= 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐶𝑇 𝑖 · 𝑚𝑖
𝑮𝑾𝑷 = 𝑮𝑾𝑷𝑨 · 𝒎𝑨 + 𝑮𝑾𝑷𝑫 · 𝒎𝑫+ 𝑮𝑾𝑷𝑬 · 𝒎𝑬
LCA
INVENTORY
Slide 18
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
06 IMPACT ASSESMENT
CHARACTERIZATION RESULTS NETWORK:
Example: Global Warming Potential. 5% cut off.
MOLTEN SALT
25,2%
STEEL
27,4%
SYNTHETIC OIL
45,7%
kg CO2 eq
MS
S
O
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
MOLTEN SALT
25,2%
STEEL
27,4%
SYNTHETIC OIL
45,7%
CSP PLANT 100%
Slide 19
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
00 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LCA DEFINITION
3. LCA STANDARDS
4. GOAL AND SCOPE
5. LCA INVENTORY
6. IMPACT ASSESMENT
7. SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP STUDIES
Slide 20
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
COMPARATIVE LCA. HTF IN CSP PARABOLIC TROUGH PLANTS BINARY MOLTEN SALT. HITEC MOLTEN SALT. THERMINOL OIL.
FUNCTIONAL UNIT 1 KG.
GOAL AND SCOPE Goal To determine the environmental behavior of
Binary Molten Salt, Hitec® Solar Salt and Therminol® oil.
To discover whether the HTF being molten salts have got a correct ecological performance or not.
Scope Cradle (raw materials extraction) to gate (production).
METHODOLOGY: CML
Slide 21
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
530 g
Potassium nitrate
21
400 g
Potassium
nitrate
600 g
Sodium
nitrate Binary Salt
1 kg
70 g
Sodium nitrate
Hitec
1 kg
400 g
Sosium nitrite
265 g
Byfenil
735 g
Diphenyl
oxide
Therminol
1 kg
Slide 22
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
0.0E+00
1.0E-12
2.0E-12
3.0E-12
4.0E-12
5.0E-12
6.0E-12
7.0E-12
Hitec
Binary
Therminol
NORMALIZATION
Dimensionless
COMPARATIVE LCA. HTF IN CSP PARABOLIC TROUGH PLANTS BINARY MOLTEN SALT. HITEC MOLTEN SALT. THERMINOL OIL.
Energy Human Toxicity Ozone depletion Water consumption
Slide 23
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
LCA IN PARABOLIC TROUGH PLANTS 50 MW. 150MW. 12h TES. Location: Sevilla.
50 MW 69 loops. 4 collectors. 12 modules
150 MW 207 loops. 4 collectors. 12 modules
Slide 24
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
P92
516
316
T22
Therminol Binary Solar Salt Hitec
50 MW 150 MW
Low T
Tank
Hight T
Tank
Heat
exchanger
Pipes
Solar field
LCA
Slide 25
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
0.0E+00
5.0E-06
1.0E-05
1.5E-05
2.0E-05
2.5E-05
3.0E-05
3.5E-05
4.0E-05
4.5E-05
Water consumption Energy Human toxicity
P92-T22-HiTec Therminol-P92-T22-Binaria
P92-A516-HiTec Therminol-P92-A516-Binaria
316-T22-HiTec Therminol-316-T22-Binaria
316-A516-HiTec Therminol-316-A516-Binaria
50MW
Normalization
Dimensionless
Directs Indirects
Slide 26
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
0.0E+00
5.0E-06
1.0E-05
1.5E-05
2.0E-05
2.5E-05
3.0E-05
3.5E-05
4.0E-05
4.5E-05
Water consumption Energy Human toxicity
P92-A516-Hitec Therminol-316-T22-Binaria
50 MW. Normalization. Dimensionless
Slide 27
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
P92
316
A516
T22
Binary
Hitec
Therminol
Binary
Hitec P92
316
P92
316
Slide 28
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
LCA IN CENTRAL TOWER PLANTS 19 MW. 100MW. 12h TES. Location: Sevilla.
AISI 347 H
ICONEL 317 BINARY SOLAR SALT HITEC SOLAR SALT
Slide 29
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
LCA IN CENTRAL TOWER PLANTS
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000 1800000
Climate Change
Terrestrial Acidification
Human Toxicity
Photochemical Oxidant Formation
Particulate Matter Formation
Urban Land Occupation
Natural Land Transformation
Metal Depletion
Fossil Depletion
Normalization Values
Imp
act
Cat
ego
rie
s
19 MW Power Tower Plant: INCONEL 617/AISI 347 H - Binary Solar Salt vs. 19 MW Power Tower Plant: INCONEL 617/AISI 347 H - HiTec Solar Salt comparative environmental
assessment
19MW POWER TOWER PLANT: INCONEL 617/AISI 347H-HiTec Solar Salt
19MW POWER TOWER PLANT: INCONEL 617/AISI 347H-Binary Solar Salt
Slide 30
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP
STUDIES
LCA IN CENTRAL TOWER PLANTS
Climate Change 6.40%
Terrestrial Acidification
9.04%
Human Toxicity 32.20% Particulate
Matter Formation
6.13%
Natural Land Transformation
46.23%
19MW Power Tower Plant: INCONEL617/AISI 347H-Binary Solar Salt
Climate Change 5.24%
Terrestrial Acidification
8.87%
Human Toxicity 33.84% Particulate
Matter Formation
6.46%
Natural Land Transformation
45.59%
19MW Power Tower Plant: INCONEL 617/AISI 347H-HiTec Solar Salt
Slide 31
RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017
00 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN
CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER
UCM Surface
Engineering
Research Group [email protected]