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AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 1
Life Cycle Assessment
of Products and Services to
Assess Sustainability
By ir. Erik L.J. Bohez,
Associate Professor,
Industrial & Manufacturing
Engineering
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 2
What is LCA?
What is Life Cycle of
Product or Service?
What is Sustainability?
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 3
LCA is the report on total effect of
Emissions to the soil, water and air
during the life cycle of the product+
Interpretation+Recommendations
Life Cycle = Extraction+production
+use+disposal (EoL)
How to make the report -> ISO 14043
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 4
How to Do an LCA?
Collect Data (Inhouse/Outside)
Surveys Define Scenarios Structure Data and Define Funtional Unit
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 5
Use LCA software such as
SimaPro
SimaPro has Methods to Compute eco-indicators
SimaPro has LCI Databases e.g. EcoInvent
Easy Report/Result Generator
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 6
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 7
Data collection
Energy + raw materials
Air Emissions CO CO2 N2O NOx SOx VOC etc..
Unit Process
Waterborne Emissions BOD COD Metals Suspended particles etc..
Solid Emissions Heavy metals Sludge Ash
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 8
Life Cycle Impact Assessment Inventory Classification Characterization Normalization Weighting
Air emissions
Water emissions
Energy
Solid waste
Greenhouse
Ozone depletion
Acidification
Eutrophication
Greenhouse
Ozone depletion
Acidification
Eutrophication
x A x B
x Y
x A x B
x Y
x A x B
x Y
x A x B
x Y
Greenhouse
Ozone depletion
Acidification
Eutrophication
x NF
x NF
x NF
x NF
Score
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 9
2.Normalization/Weighting more subjective
ISO require 1. Classification/Characterization
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AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 12
Endpoint Method in Detail (EI99)
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 13
Example of ReCiPe
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 14
INTERPRETATION
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 15
Spoon Comparative LCA with Simapro
PROCESS
Package
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 16
Functional Unit: Using a Spoon for 10 Year
Reference Flows:
8 Al Spoons
3 Stainless Steel Spoons
15 Ceramic Spoons
15 Melamine Spoons
10 Wooden Spoons
1 Spoon dishwashed every 2.5 days
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 17
Surveys Average Life of each spoon type -> needed for FU and Reference Flow
Average number of spoons per person in family Average numbers of dishwashes in family -> 3times a day
Average dishwashes per spoon every -> 2.5 days What is the equivalence between washing a 1 liter bottle and washing a spoon
->1bottle wash is equivalent to 5 spoon washes
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 18
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AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 21
Proxy Process for Cleaning/Dishwashing Spoon
Processes -> Glass -> washing Bottles
If You have a better standard database
You can look under Chemicals
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 22
Now we can compare Al/Ceramic spoon until end of 1 life span
Al spoon 10/8 years ; Ceramic spoon 10/15 years
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 23
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 24
We Can also compare 8 Al Spoons with 15
Ceramic spoons (10 year spoon use)
See FU
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 25
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 26
Process tree for 1 aluminum spoon until the end of the USE phase
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 27
Process tree for 1 aluminum spoon until the end of the USE phase
With Expanded First level (Click on + sign) to show packaging
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 28
Process tree for 1 Ceramic spoon until the end of the USE phase not all processes
are shown only most impacting to show click on + signs
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 29
We will now complete the life cycle for the AL spoon and Ceramic spoon
The End Of Life we will consider is Landfilling and Recycling
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 30
We will now complete the life cycle for the AL spoon With the transportation to the landfill
And the Landfill Waste/Disposal from Buwal B250 Standard database in Simapro
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 31
Partial Tree for the complete life cycle of AL spoon with Landfill EOL
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 32
Complete life cycle for the AL spoon with the transportation and the recycled
Waste/Disposal from Buwal B250 Standard database in Simapro
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 33
Partial Tree for the complete life cycle of AL spoon with Recycle EO
Note the Green Color bar!!!
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AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 35
Comparing Al/Ceramic spoon Use over 10 year with Landfill or Recycling EOL
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 36
Comparing Al/Ceramic spoon Use over 10 year with Landfill or Recycling EOL
How to Conclude?!@$%&*
AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J. Bohez 37
Thank You For Your
Attention!!
Any Questions??