Life Cycle Cost — 30 Year Period
Land Acquisition, Planning, Renewal, Revitalization, & Disposal5%-35%
Design & Construction
5%-10%
Operation &
Maintenance
60% - 85%
Source: Stewardship of Federal Facilities, 1998
Breakdown Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
Predictive Maintenance
Proactive Maintenance
Punca kerosakan:
Rekabentuk, 40-60%Pemilihan Tapak, 5-15% Pembinaan, 20-30% Selepas Guna, 5-15%
DFM
RCA
Maintenance Strategy
Maintenance Strategy Technique Needed Human Body Parallel
Proactive Maintenance Monitoring and
correction of failing root
causes, e.g.,
contamination
Cholesterol and blood
pressure monitoring with
diet control
Predictive Maintenance Monitoring of vibration,
heat, alignment, wear
dibris
Detection of heart
disease using ECG or
ultrasonics
Preventive Maintenance Periodic component
replacement
By-pass or transplant
surgery
Breakdown Maintenance Large maintenance
budget
Heart attack or stroke
Rekabentuk bilik suissempit menyebabkanpapan suis berada di kedudukan bertindandan sukardisenggara.Tiadapemadam pencegahkebakaran.
Stor Kertas dan Toner
Bilik yang mengandungi
papan suis dan papan agihan
berada di dalam stor kertas
dan toner. Ini menyebabkan
kerja-kerja penyenggaraan
sukar dilakukan.
Didapati pemasangankedudukan DB terlalutinggi,ini akanmenyukarkan penggunakerana terpaksamenggunakan tanggauntuk menghidupkansuis penyaman udara.
Pemasangancopper bridge padapenyambungantrunking.
1. Tiada lebel pada pam bagi menunjukanhubungan antara pam dan blok bangunanyang akan dibekalkanair.
2. Paip tidak dicat danarah aliran tidakditanda.
Bilik tangki simpanan air sistempencegah kebakaran
Tiada tanda setting tekanan
suis kawalan
pam.Menyukarkan kerja
penyelenggaraan
Bilik tangki simpanan air domestik
Tiada tanda arah aliran air
dan tamatan paip tersebut.
Menyukarkan kerja
penyelenggaraan.
Service trench
Paip Chilled Water Supply
(CWS) dan Chilled Water
Return(CWR) tidak ditanda
dengan cat, menyukarkan
kerja penyelanggaraan.
Ruang Penyenggaraan
Ruang antara tangki simpanan air dengan dinding dansiling sempit. Menyukarkan kerja penyenggaraan.
Laluan paip limpah dan paip
cuci tangki air dihala,
berhenti di atas siling.
Kedudukan starter panel
terlalu tinggi
Ruang dalam bilik tangki terlalu sempit Dan menyukarkankakitangan untuk membuat kerja penyelenggaraan
25
Pemasangan paip air pencegah kebakaran melalui dinding tanpa menggunakan sleeve
KECACATAN
KEBOLEHSENGGARAAN
Blok Perpustakaan
ULASAN( Punca & Kesan)
Service box (dengan soket
elektrik) dibekalkan di bawah
study table tetapi tiada
access dari desk ke service
box
Service Box
Aras Bumbung, Blok Pentadbiran
Tiada akses untuk kerja
penyelenggaran di atas
pitch roofTiada akses
ke atas
Sanitary pipe danRWDP yang dipasang terlalubanyak padaruang yang samamenyukarkankerjapenyelenggaraan
Kedudukan Ruang/ Pintu Bilik Servis
Lokasi pintu bilik servis
yang menyukarkan
kerja penyelenggaraan
Tiada kemudahan yang sesuai untuk aktiviti
penyenggaraan!
Cara Kerja
Penyenggaraan
Yang Membahayakan
IMPLIKASI
KERAGUAN TAHAP KESELAMATAN
KENAIKAN KOS PENGURUSAN
ASET
PEMBAZIRAN SUMBER
PENYAMPAIAN PERKHIDMATAN
TERJEJASSOSIAL
IMEJ NEGATIF
KEMEROSOTAN TAHAP LESTARI &
NILAI
MAINTAINABILITY - Characteristic of design and installation which determines the probability that a failed equipment, machine, or system can be restored to its normal operable state within a given timeframe, using the prescribed practices and procedures.
Its two main components are serviceability (ease of conducting scheduled inspections and servicing) and reparability (ease of restoring service after a failure).
Source: http://www.businessdictionary.com
Maintainability is a measure of the ease and rapidity with which a system or equipment can be restored to operational status following a failure.
McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Engineering. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Reduce or eliminate downtime
Optimize Safety, Accessibility, &
Ergonomics
Reduce Complexity or Task Difficulty
Optimize Standardization,
Interchangeability, and Modularization
Air Tak Bertakung menunjukkan kecerunan
longkang mencukupi, tidak perlu kerja
penyenggaraan yang banyak
48
PERALATAN (score board, Peralatan Elektrik)•Senang disenggara (accessibility)•Bahan tahan lasak•Alat ganti mudah diperolehi
DESIGN FOR MAINTENANCE (DFM)
DEFINISI DFM
Reka Bentuk
• Merupakan transformasi daripada idea kepadaproduk, proses, atau perkhidmatan yang memenuhi keperluan Pereka Bentuk danPengguna.
Kebolehsenggaraan
• Merupakan tahap dimana sesebuah RekaBentuk dapat disenggara / diperbaiki denganmudah, ekonomik dan berkesan.
DESIGN FOR MAINTENANCE (DFM)
OBJEKTIF DFM
Mengenalpasti dan mengutamakan keperluan penyenggaraan.
Meningkatkan keboleharapan produk dan mengurangkan masa penyenggaraan.
Meningkatkan Kepuasan Pelanggan.
Mengambil kira Kos Kitaran Hayat bahan.
Main
ten
ance
3D
Serv
ice
Construction
Industrial
Engineer
Design Engineer
Construction
Engineer
Facilities Engineer
DESIGN FOR MAINTENANCE (DFM)
FAEDAH DFM
1• Tiada atau mengurangkan ubah suai produk / pembinaan (No or minimal
adjustment)
2• Pengurangan kos dan masa penyenggaraan
3
• Meningkatkan kebolehsenggaraan pembinaan / produk (Productavailability increase)
4• Kemudahan mengenalpasti kerosakan (Problem identification improves)
5• Pengurangan kebarangkalian kerosakan komponen / produk
6• Meningkatkan keselamatan kepada penyenggara aset
Design for Maintainability Benefits Design for Maintainability Features
Easy access to serviceable items • Maintenance time and costs reduced • Product availability increases • Technician fatigue/injury reduced
No or minimal adjustment• Maintenance time and costs reduced • Product availability increases • Maintenance training curve reduced
Components/modules quick and easy to replace
• Technician fatigue/injury reduced • Product availability increases • Problem identification improves
Mistake proofing, part/module installs one way only
• Probability of damage to the part or product reduced • Reliability improves • Maintenance training curve reduced
Self-diagnostics or built in test or indicators to find problems quickly
• Maintenance time and costs reduced • Product availability increases • Customer satisfaction improves
No or few special hand tools • Maintenance investment reduced • Customer satisfaction improves • Tool crib inventory reduced
Standard fasteners and components • No. of spare parts in inventory reduced • Product cost reduced • Maintenance time and costs reduced
Reduce number of components in final assembly
• Product cost reduced • Reliability improves • Spare parts inventory reduced
Eliminate the need for maintenance
Increased task efficiency
Reduced accidents
Decreased downtime
Access & ergonomics
Standardization/modularization
Task simplification
59
PerancanganRuang
PerancanganLokasi
Susun Atur
Papan Tanda
Saiz
KemudahanAkses
Keselamatan
MudahKendali
Pencahayaan&
Pengudaraan
60
Teknik
Flexibility
Modular
Adaptability
PEST
Non Water Pollution
Safety and Health
Non Noise Pollution
Non Air Pollution
Self Cleansing
Functionability
61
Bahan
&
Alat Ganti
Durability
Approved Material
Economical (LCC)
CompatibilitySustainability
Suitability
Availability
• Standard design practice
• Contract specification
• Cross functional participation
• Pilot program
• Integration into existing programs
• Formal maintainability program
• Comprehensive tracking
Interdependent concepts
DFM integrated with ◦ Sustainable (Green) design
◦ Commissioning
◦ Safety & security
Supports other JKR programs◦ Proactive Maintenance
◦ Total Asset Management
3. Methodologi
yang berkesan
2. Ruang kerjayang sesuai
5. Peralatan/ fasiliti khas
7. Merancangkeperluansumber/
belanjawan
1. Memastikan
Kod, Teg, & Inventori Aset
6. Menganalisis
Kos KKH
TINDAKAN PELAKSANAAN
66
4. Bahan &
peralatan kerjamencukupi