72 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS The results obtained were in confirmation with those already obtained by Anver and Alam (1992) with latex of C. procera in pigeon pea and chick pea. The nematode control may be due to the direct toxicity of the seed coatings causing unfavourable environment for the nematode activity or by plants grown from coated seeds acquiring resistance or tolerance to the nematodes. These might have influenced the metabolisms of germinating seeds rendering the seedlings unfavourable for nematode multiplicationas well as stimulatingthe plant growth. REFERENCES Anver, S., & Alam, M.M. (1992). Afro-Asian J. Nematol. 2: 17-20. Heald, C.M.,Briton, B.D. & Davis, R.M. (1989). J. Nematol. 21: 69-73. Siddiqni, M.A. & Alam, M.M. (1988). Nematol. Medit. 16: 129-130. Wani, A.H., Ansari, A.P. & Alam, M. (1994). Ann. PI. Proto Sci. 2: 72-74. Life cycle, Pathogenicity and Management of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Race 2 infecting Balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) M.R. KHAN Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidlzan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, West Bengal e-mail: mrklwnbckv@rediffrnai/.com Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is a serious pest of annual balsam (Impatiens balsamina) and is being reported for the first time from West Bengal. Investigations were, therefore, carried out on life cycle, palhogenicity and management of M. incognita race 2 infectingbalsam under West Bengal conditions. For management studies, different organic sources viz., fam1 yard manure (FYM) @ 25 t/ha, vermicompost @20 t/ha, phosphovermicompost @ 10 t/ha, phosphocompost @ 15 t/ha and neem cake @ 15 t/ha were mixed with 1000 cc sterile soil in 15 em dia earthen pot. Carbofuran @ 2 kg a.i./ha and untreated control were taken as standard checks. Each pot was transplanted with a 15 day old balsam seedling and about 1000 J2 (freshly hatched) were inoculated around the each seedling. Plants were allowed to grow up to 90 days and observations on plant growth parameters, gall index and number of flowers per plant were recorded. The life cycle was completed within 27 days at 22-33°C. Plant growth was significantly reduced at . 1000 J/1000 cc soil. FYM @ 25 t/ha significantly increased plant growth and enhanced flower production. The maximum flowers were recorded in neem cake @ 1.5 t/ha as well as in FYM treated plants. In respect of flower production in balsam, a significant difference was observed in the organic amended and carbofuran @ 2kg a.i./ha treated soil over untreated control (Table 1). It was concluded that for preparation of soil for raising balsam, indoor as well as field conditions, organic sources such as FYM, neem cake and vermicompost could be useful for managing root- knot nematode problem in balsam. Indian J. Nemato1.33 (I) : 61.RS (2003)
Transcript
72 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
The results obtained were in confirmation with
those already obtained by Anver and Alam (1992)with latex of C. procera in pigeon pea and chickpea.
The nematode control may be due to the directtoxicity of the seed coatings causing unfavourableenvironment for the nematode activity or by plantsgrown from coated seeds acquiring resistance ortolerance to the nematodes. These might haveinfluenced the metabolisms of germinating seedsrendering the seedlings unfavourable for nematodemultiplicationaswellas stimulatingthe plantgrowth.
REFERENCES
Anver, S., & Alam, M.M. (1992). Afro-Asian J. Nematol. 2:17-20.
Life cycle, Pathogenicity and Management ofRoot-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Race 2
infecting Balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.)
M.R. KHAN
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidlzan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, West Bengal
e-mail: mrklwnbckv@rediffrnai/.com
Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is aseriouspest of annual balsam (Impatiens balsamina)and is being reported for the first time from WestBengal. Investigations were, therefore, carried outon life cycle, palhogenicity and management of M.incognita race2infectingbalsam underWest Bengalconditions.
For management studies, different organicsources viz., fam1 yard manure (FYM) @ 25 t/ha,vermicompost @20 t/ha, phosphovermicompost @10 t/ha, phosphocompost @ 15t/ha and neem cake@ 15t/ha were mixed with 1000cc sterile soil in 15
em dia earthen pot. Carbofuran @ 2 kg a.i./ha anduntreated control were taken as standard checks.
Each pot was transplanted with a 15day old balsamseedling and about 1000 J2(freshly hatched) wereinoculated around the each seedling. Plants wereallowed to grow up to 90 days and observations on
plant growth parameters, gall index and number offlowers per plant were recorded.
The life cycle was completed within 27 days at22-33°C. Plant growth was significantly reduced at
. 1000 J/1000 cc soil.
FYM @ 25 t/ha significantly increased plantgrowth and enhanced flower production. Themaximum flowers were recorded in neem cake
@ 1.5 t/ha as well as in FYM treated plants. Inrespect of flower production in balsam, asignificant difference was observed in the organicamended and carbofuran @ 2kg a.i./ha treatedsoil over untreated control (Table 1). It wasconcluded that for preparation of soil for raisingbalsam, indoor as well as field conditions, organicsources such as FYM, neem cake andvermicompost could be useful for managing root-knot nematode problem in balsam.
IndianJ. Nemato1.33(I) : 61.RS (2003)
Dynamics of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognitaunder a Sequence of Different Crops in West Bengal
M.R. KHAN AND S. BANERJEEl
Department of Agricultural Entomology. JDepartment of Agricultural Meteorology and Physics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, West Bemgal
Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is aious problem in intensive cropping systems.:ently, it has been recorded in rice nurseries ofnataka (Krishnappa et aI., 2001) and in rice-ed cropping systems in West Bengal.)rporation of antagonistic crops like mustard ortme in a rotational system, has been recorded toIce the nematode population (Sharma et al.,0, Haque & Gaur, 1985, Tanda & Atwal, 1988).e present investigation, effect of crop sequencesIedynamics of root-knot nematode,M. incognita,been studied.
I J. Nematol.33 (1) : 61-88 (2003)
Soil and root samples were collected for 4consecutive years (1999-2002) from a farmers' field(sandy loam soil) at Chandamari (Nadia) in the Newalluvial zone of West Bengal. Sampling was done atinitial and final stages of each crop grown underdifferent crop sequences which were: (i) Rice (bora)- Jute (JRO-524) - Mustard (B-9), (ii) Jute -Mustard (iii) Rice - Jute - Pointed gourd (iv)Pointed gourd - Rice (Aus). Nematodes wereextracted from soil by Cobb's decanting and sievingfollowed by modified Baermann funnel technique.Root samples were processed also for extraction of
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Table 1. Effect of organic amendments on Meloidogyne incognita race-2 infecting balsam.
Treatments Plant growth parameters
Shoot length Root length Shoot weight (g) Root weight (g) Gall index No. of
,verages (of four) followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P =0.05 by DMRT.
74
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Ri: Rice.initial population, Rf =Rice-final population
Ji =Jute.initialpopulation,Jf : Jute.final populationMi =Mustard-initial population, Mf =Mustard.final population
PGi =Pointed Gourd.initial population, PGf =Pointed Gourd.final population
'6~
MEu0 -0 "~ ~ 3-;;>"') 0
; 0;2
'~ ~00,S
110 101
~ 0m m m m m moo 0 0 " H ~ ~ ~ N N Nm m m m m moo 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0
. . . , . , . . , . . - , . , , . .
~ oc ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oc ~ ~ 0 0 ~ ocQ, Q,
Samplingtimeindifferentcropsequences
Fig. 1. Population dynamics of Meloidogyne incognitaunder a sequence of different crops and weather data for
the same period
nematodes. Weather data were collected from
AICRP on Agricultural Meteorology, KalyaniCentre, BCKV.
Observations have indicated a high populationof root-knot nematode being supported byjute crop.Cultivation of rice (boro) in the rotational systemincreased M. incognita population but inclusion ofmustard (Cultivar B-9) during rabi season (October-January) suppressed the soil population (Fig. 1).Haque and Gaur (1988) alsofoundthat incorporationof an antagonistic crop like mustard could causereduction of nematode population. However, thesecond stage juveniles of M. incognita stillsurvived in the field during the growing season ofmustard and this low population had the potentialof building up in rice-jute crop sequence. Theweather data (Fig. 1) clearly showed that highrainfall and low air temperature coincided withthe growing season of jute. It is clear, therefore,that incorporation of mustard in rice (boro )-jutecrop sequence was of little consequence inmanaging root-knot nematode population in soilunder intensive cropping system.
REFERENCES
Haque, M.M. & Gaur, H.S. (1985). Indian J. Nematol. 15:262-263.
Haque, M.M. & Gaur, H.S. (1988). Indian J. Nematol. 18:351-352.
Krishnappa, K., Reddy, R.M.R., Ravichandra, N.G. &Ravindra, H. (2001). National Congress on Centenaryof Nematology in India - Appraisal and FuturePlans, Dec. 5-7, 2001, Division of Nematology, IAR!,New Delhi, pp, 85-86.
