Life During the Civil War

Section 4

Chapter 16

The Lives of Soldiers• Boredom, discomfort, sickness, fear, and horror

• Most lived in Camps

• Drills, bad food, marches, and rain

• Reality of War

– Rifles more accurate

– Desertion a major problem on both sides

– Starvation and lack of supplies for rebel soldiers

Women and the War• Women take on new responsibilities

• Worked as teachers, office workers, salesclerks, factories, farmed and government workers

• Rolled bandages, wove blankets, and made ammunition. Collected food, clothing and medicine. Raised money for troops

The Civil War helped advance the role of women in America

A. True

B. False

Life at Home

• North suffered little disruption

• Southern life was dramatically changed

• Fighting and blockade disrupted everyday life

• Shortages in meat, clothing, medicine, and shelter were problems in the South

Great sacrifices were made by families in the North to help win the war.

A. True

B. False

Spies• Harriet Tubman spied for the North

• Rose O’Neal Greenhow entertained Union soldiers in Washington D.C. and passed info on to the South. Convicted of treason and exiled.

• Belle Boyd—informed Confederate Generals of Union movements in the Shenandoah Valley

• Loretta Janeta Velazquez disguies herself as a man and fought for the South at Bull Run and Shiloh

Loretta Janeta Velazquez looks better as a man then woman?

A. Strongly Agree

B. Agree

C. Disagree

D. Strongly Disagree

Treating the Sick and Wounded

• 1000 of women served as nurses

• Dorothea Dix (North) organized large numbers to serve as military nurses

• Clara Barton (North) became famous for her work with wounded soldiers

• Sally Tompkins (South) est. a hospital for soldiers in Richmond Va.

• Due to the enormous number of wounded, the Civil War Surgeons became proficient at performing amputations.  In many cases the amputation would be performed in 10 minutes. Surgeons, along with their assistants, would work round the clock, ending up with stacks of amputated limbs up to five feet high.  The number of wounded needing attention, and the relative lack of water meant that there was no attempt to wash hands or instruments  between procedures. This lack of hygiene and sterility did create a large chance of infection.  However, it has been estimated that as many as 75% of the amputees did recover.

Opposition to the War• Northern Democrats split into 2 groups

– One supports Lincoln

– Other group wants to negotiate peace (become know as Copperheads)

– Republicans suspected Copperheads of helping the Confederates

• Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus

– Guarantees accused individuals a hearing before being jailed

Enlistment Declines• April 1962 Confederate Congress passed the

draft law requiring men 18-35 to serve in the army for 3 years

• You could hire a substitute to replace you

• “Rich Mans War but a Poor Mans fight”

• Union encouraged enlistment by offering bounties—payments to encourage volunteers

• March 1863 Union turns to the draft—20 to 45 years old

• Could pay 300 or hire a substitute to get out

Enlistment Opposition

• New York City--July 1863

– Angry mobs opposed to the draft and fighting to free African Americans burn, loot, and kill on the streets of NYC

– More then 100 killed

• In the South—Jefferson Davis also will suspend Habeas Corpus

War in the Economy

• Both North and South financed the War by borrowing money, increasing taxes, and printing paper money

• North sells War Bonds• South sells to many War Bonds and people

stop buying them• Union passes Income Tax in 1861• Both sides print money—Union money

becomes know as Greenbacks

The North Prospers

• In the North prices rose faster than wages---INFLATION

• Overall Northern economy boomed

• Farmers prospered

• Factory production grew due to demands of war

Economic Troubles in the South

• South lacked industry to supply arms and ammunition for the war

• Southern farmland was overrun and rail lines destroyed

• Blockaded caused shortages of essential goods

• Inflation—prices rose 9,000 percent compared to 80 percent in the North

What do we call a general increase in prices?

inflation

Southern Spy

A. Clara Barton

B. Abe Lincoln

C. Rose O’Neal Greenhow

D. Robert E. Lee

Founded American Red Cross

A. Clara Barton

B. Clara Greenhow

C. Rose O’Neal Greenhow

D. Rose Barton

What was the name given to the Peace Democrats? (Plural)COPPERHEADS

Vocab Word: Encouragement to enlist (ends in “ies”)

Bounties

Which woman fought for the Confederacy at the First Battle of Bull Run?

A. Rose O’Neal Greenhow

B. Loretta Janeta Valazquez

C. Belle Boyd

D. Harriet Tubman

Who was the Southerner who established a hospital for soldiers in Richmond Va.?

A. Sally Tompkins

B. Robert E. Lee

C. William Sheppard

D. Clara Barton

The law that required men between certain ages to serve in the army for three years

was theA. corpus

B. bounty

C. draft

D. Habeas corpus

Draft laws led to opposition. The worst disturbance took place in

A. Washington, D.C.

B. Richmond

C. Charleston

D. New York City

To raise money for the war, the North printed

A. Greenbacks

B. Paper checks

C. Handbills

D. Promissory notes