Life Energy ProcessesPhotosynthesisRespiration
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PHOTOSYNTHESISLight ReactionDark Reaction (Calvin Cycle)
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PhotosynthesisProcess in which a plant makes food from water and carbon dioxide and energy from the sun producing glucose and oxygen
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conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the green pigment chlorophyll.
the process by which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar
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process uses water and releases the
oxygen
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Site of Photosynthesis
Chloroplast is an
organelle that
contain chlorophyl
l and other
pigments (carotenoi
d)
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Parts of Chloroplast1.THYLAKOID – disk –
shape (like pancake) structures that contain photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll)
2.GRANA – a group / stack of thylakoid
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3. STROMA- gel – like matrix surrounding the thylakoid
4. PHOTOSYSTEMS- energy collecting units of the chloroplast (reaction center)
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Photons – are packets of energy and the smallest visible unit of light
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Two Stages of Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 12H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
+6H2O
LIGHT
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Light ReactionLight Dependent Reaction
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LIGHT REACTIONConverts light energy to ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Occurs in the thylakoid
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Step 1
Light is absorbed by PHOTOSYSTEM II is used
to split water
releasing O2, H ions
and energized electrons
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Step 2
Hydrogen ions pass through
ATP synthase
to convert ADP to ATP.
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Step 3
Electrons released by Photosystem II are energized by Photosystem I. Electrons are picked up by NADP+ to form a high –energy NADPH
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Step 4
ATP and NADPH are used in the
dark reaction as source of energy
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Photosystem II
Splits water
HydrogenOxygen
ADP
ATP
Photosystem I
+ P
+ NAPD+
NAPDH
NAPD+
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Dark ReactionCalvin CycleCarbon Fixing CycleLight Independent Reaction
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Carbon Fixing ReactionUse the products of light reaction (ATP and NADPH) to convert carbon dioxide to sugar (glucose)
Occurs in the stroma
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Step 1
3 molecules
of CO2
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Step 2
3 molecules of Rubisco (RuBP) use to combine
with 3 molecules of CO2 to
produce 6C unstable
3PGA
P P
P P
P P
3 molecules of5C RUBP
3 molecules ofCO2
+
PP
PP
PP
6C 3PGAunstable
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Step 3
6 molecules
of PGA combined
with 6 molecules
of ATP that
results to 6
molecules of PGAL
and 6 ADP
6 3C PGA
+PP
PP
PP
P APP
P AP
P APP
P APP
P APP
P APP
P APP
6 ATP
PP
PP
PP PP
PP
PP
P AP
P AP
P AP
P AP
P AP
6 ADP6 PGAL
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Step 4
6 molecules of PGAL
binds with 6
molecules of NADPH
that results to 6 molecules
Highly energized
PGAL
PP
PP
PP PP
PP
PP NADPH NADPH
NADPH NADPH
NADPH NADPH+
6 PGAL 6 NADPH
PP
PP
PP
6 PGALHighly Energized
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Step 5
The 6 highly
energized PGAL
splits into 5
molecules of PGAL and 1
molecule of PGAL
PP
P
P
PP
PP
PP
PP
6 PGALHighly Energized
5 PGAL
1 PGAL
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Step 7
The 6 highly
energized PGAL
splits into 5
molecules of PGAL and 1
molecule of PGAL
PP
P
P
PP
5 PGAL
1 PGAL
P APP
P APP
P APP+3 ATP
P P
P P
P P
3 molecules of5C RUBP
Glucose
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Light Reaction
Dark Reaction
Site Thylakoid Stroma
Raw Materials
WaterADP, NADP, P
Carbon Dioxide,
RuDPNADPH, ATP
ProductsOxygen
ATP, NADPHGlucose
ADP, NADP
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RespirationCalvin CycleCarbon Fixing CycleLight Independent Reaction
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Cellular Respiration Overview
Transformation of chemical energy in food into chemical energy cells can use: ATPOverall Reaction:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
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Photosynthesis and Respiration
Photosynthesis:
Water + Carbon Dioxide Glucose + Oxygen
Respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen Water + Carbon Dioxide
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Two Pathways
Anaerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Oxygen is required1. Glycolysis2. Kreb’s Cycle3. Electron Transport
Chain
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Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration begins with
GLYCOLYSIS
GLYCOLYSIS
conversion of glucose to pyruvatereleases energy in the form of ATP
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Kreb’s Cycle Also called as CITRIC ACID CYCLE
Completes the breakdown of glucose and forms a 6 Carbon compound called citric acid
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Electron Transport Chain
The movement of electrons from NADH and FADH in chain-like a series of steps (staircase).
As electrons drop down stairs, energy released to form a total of 32 ATP
Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up electrons and protons and in doing so becomes water
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Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
No oxygen used= ‘an’aerobic
Fermentation is the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast
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Fermentationthe anaerobic
conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and
alcohol
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Fermentation Anaerobic Respiration
Process that releases some energy from glucose when no oxygen is present
Alcohol Fermentation
the anaerobic conversion of pyruvate
to Ethanol
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Plants, yeast and few microbes
Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
the anaerobic conversion of pyruvate
to lactic acid
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Lactic Acid
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Photosynthesis – Cellular Respiration comparison
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Function Energy capture Energy release
Location Chloroplasts Mitochondria
Reactants CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 and O2
Products C6H12O6 and O2 CO2 and H2O
Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O light>
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6O2 + C6H12O6
6CO2 +6H2O +
energy
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis RespirationRespiration
Raw Raw MaterialsMaterials
Water and Carbon Water and Carbon DioxideDioxide
Oxygen and Oxygen and SugarSugar
ProductsProducts Oxygen and SugarOxygen and Sugar Water and Water and Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
WhereWhere ChloroplastChloroplast MitochondriaMitochondria
EnergyEnergy StoredStored ReleasedReleased
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