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QUIZ TIME20 minutes
The Empire Begins
Civil war destroyed remains of the Republic
3 supporters of Caesar rose against the assassins Octavian - Caesar’s adopted
son Mark Antony - experienced
general Lepidus - powerful politician
43 B.C. ruled Rome as Second Triumvirate 10 years
The Second Triumvirate
Second Triumvirate Drama
Octavian forced Lepidus to retire Antony and Octavian became rivals Antony fell in love with Cleopatra, followed her to
Egypt Octavian accused Antony of ruling Rome from
Egypt Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra at battle
of Actium in 31 B.C. Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide
Augustus Caesar
Octavian became unchallenged ruler of Rome
Accepted titles of Augustus and Imperator
Began time of peace in Rome Pax Romana
Empire now ruled by one man
A Vast and Powerful Empire
Rome at peak of power 27 B.C. to 180 A.D.
Peace reigned in empire for 207 years A time known as Pax
Romana – “Roman peace”
•3 million square miles in size•Population of 60-80
million•1 million people lived in Rome itself
Map of Roman Empire
A Stable Government
Held empire together by efficient government and smart rulers
Augustus was Rome’s most able emperor
Augustus’s Reforms
Stabilized the frontier Glorified Rome with beautiful public buildings Created a long-lasting system of government Set up a civil service
Paying workers to manage government affairs Ex. Tax collection, postal system
Included plebeians and slaves Allowed them to help administer the empire
Accomplishments of Augustus
Augustus Dies• Augustus died in 14 A.D.• But government remained stable
• B/c of civil servants performing day to day operations
•Romans controlled empire from Spain to Persia, North Africa to Britain•Very diverse empire – people of different languages, cultures, customs
Roman Empire 200 A.D.
Agriculture and Trade 90% of people in the Empire
farmed People survived on food
produced in their local area Additional food, luxuries were
obtained through trade Vast trading network
Ships protected by Roman navy Traded w/ Greece, Anatolia, India,
China Common currency – the
denarius made trade easier Silver coin introduced during
Augustus’s time
Roads of Rome Also had a network of roads connecting
Rome to places like Persia, Southern Russia
Ancient Roads of Rome
The Roman World
Discipline Strength Loyalty Power Usefulness Gravitas – dignity,
duty
Most lived in countryside Farmers
Philosophers, slaves, merchants, soldiers, and foreigners all shared the cities
Very diverse
Values Lifestyle
Slaves and Captivity
1/3 of population Most were conquered
peoples Could be bought &
sold Property of their owner
Treated as their masters saw fit
Worked in cities, on farms
Often treated poorly
Some were forced to become gladiators
Rebellion was common
Slaves
Gods and Goddesses
Numina – spirits, forces that resided in everything
Lares – guardian spirits of each family
Gave names to gods, goddesses
Honored them through various rituals
Linked w/ government
Important gods/goddesses: Jupiter Juno Minerva
Also required to worship the emperor
Gods and Goddesses
Society and Culture
Lived extravagantly Spent $ on homes,
gardens, salves, luxuries
Hosted banquets for hours
Served expensive foods
Most people were unemployed
Supported by daily ration of grain
Lived in rundown tenements
The Wealthy The Poor
Society and Culture
Government provided games, races, mock battles, gladiator contests to control/distract people
150 holidays a year for events like this Held at the Colosseum – 50,000 people Combat b/w people, animals, etc.
Games and Entertainment
Christianity Emerges Christianity began to emerge, but not
without brutality and hardship
For next class… Read Chapter 6, Section 3 Blog Post Terms due:
March 26 – ODD March 27 - EVEN