Life Span

Early & Middle adulthoodChapter 11 & 12

Early Adulthood

• Age– 20 – 40 (early)

• Stable

Physical Characteristics

Height & Weight

• Physical growth – Complete

Bone and Muscle development

• Peak bone mass– Age 35

• Injuries respond best to– Rest– Immobilization

Dentition

• 3rd molars–Wisdom teeth

• Gingivitis• Dental visits

–Q 6 months

Cardiac System

• Cardiac output– Peak 20 – 30– Then declines

• Risk factors– Alcohol– Tobacco– h cholesterol diet

Respiratory System

• Peak function– 20 - 25

• Vital Capacity– i

• Elasticity– i

• Risk factors– Smoking

• Health promotion– Exercise

GI system

• Appetite– Unchanged

• Gastric secretions– i

• Basal Metabolic Rate– i

• Bowel management

Integumentary System

• Acne– i

• Cancer– h

Nervous System

• # neurons– i

• Brain size – i

• Reaction time (20 – 30)– h

• Visual acuity (25)– i– Presbyopia

• Hearing– Best at 20– Compensate

Reproductive system

• Peak capacity! • Infertility

Assisting conception

• Ovulation ?• qOd• Deep penetration• No lubricants• Stay on back

Motor development

• Peak • Decline 30 – 60• Greatest strength

– Back– Arms– Legs

Sexual development

• Romantic Love

Masters & JohnsonCycle of sexual response

1. Excitement2. Plateau3. Orgasm4. Resolution

Identity Achieved

• The search for identity begins at puberty, and continues through adulthood

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Identity Achieved

• Ethnic Identity– in the U.S. and Canada 1/2 of the 18 –

25- year-olds are either children of immigrant or native-born Americas of African, Asian, Indian, or Latino descent

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Identity Achieved

• Ethnic Identity–emerging adults meet many more

people of other backgrounds

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Psychosocial development

• Intimacy– Sexual – Emotional

• Introspection• Trust

Friendship

Humans have a need for belongingness –

• How are friendships formed?

Expanding social circles

• Similar life stage• Reciprocity• Compatibility• Respectability• Proximity

Friendship gender differences

Female◦shared

confidences

Male• Shared

activities / interests

Sternberg: Theory of Love

• Triangle• 3 basic components

– 8 subtypes

Sternberg: Theory of Love

1. Intimacy– Emotional component– Involves liking and feelings of closeness

2. Passion– Motivational component– Drives attraction, romance and sex

3. Commitment,– Cognitive component– Long-term commitment

The combinations of love◦ Intimacy alone is described as liking◦ Passion alone is described as infatuation◦ The combination of intimacy and passion is called romantic

love. ◦ Commitment alone is called empty love◦ The combination of commitment and passion is referred to

as fatuous love (foolish and silly) ◦ The combination of commitment and intimacy is known as

companionate love, a secure and trusting partnership. ◦ A combination of all three components is known as

consummate love, (a relationship that is in the highest degree, near perfect).

◦ The absence of all three components results in non-love.

Labeling theory of passionate love

• Hatfield & Berscheid• Intense physiological arousal + • situational cues =• love

– is appropriate label for what is experienced.

Seeking a Spouse: Is Love Most Important?

• What do you look for?• What else matters?

– Emotional maturity– Character– Health– Education– Chastity– Attractiveness

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Cohabitation vs. Marriage

• Cohabitation – couples living together without being married

• Reasons for choosing cohabitation over marriage:

• Why marry?

Cohabitation• Characteristics

– younger.– Whiter– Higher divorce rates.– Problems with assets!

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Marriage Age:

• People are marrying older in US:– Median age for men first marriage – 27.– Median age for women first marriage – 25.

• Divorce rates increasing around the world (U.S. not so much since the 1990s)– 51%

What makes marriage work?

• Visible affection• Communicate little negativity• Similar interests• Agree on distribution of roles• View themselves as an interdependent

couple

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Divorce

Increases in divorce are correlated with youthful marriage low educational level low income not having a religious affiliation divorced parents having a baby before marriage

Identity Achieved

• Vocational Identity– is a part of growing up–college is considered an important step

towards a career–a correlation between college

education and income has been evident… few unskilled jobs have been created in the 21st century

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Choosing a CareerGinzberg’s Career Choice Theory

1.Fantasy period 2.Tentative period 3.Realistic period

Demographics of Higher Education

Who goes to college?–69% of white (high school graduates)

–61% of African American –47% of Hispanic

Demographics of Higher Education

Only around 40% of those who start college graduate 4 years later with a degree◦Although about half of those who do

not graduate will eventually finish, the other half never obtain a college degree

Demographics of Higher Education

More women that men attend college and graduate◦Women receive 133 bachelor’s degrees

for every 100 men receive◦This proportion continues to increase◦Why this gender gap in college

attendance?

Developing maturity

• Control & Restraint

Cognitive development

• Objective• Wider perspective• Adult learners

Moral development

• Less absolutes• Respect others• Religion

Nutrition

• ♂– 2,700–3,000 cal/day

• ♀– 1,600-2,100 cal/day

Sleep & Rest

• 7-9 hours• Insomnia

Sleep Aids

• large meal at HS• Exercise afternoon• Routine• Relax• Bed for sex & sleep

Exercise & Leisure

• 3-5 time / week• 30 minutes

Safety

• Self & Family• Smoke detectors• CO detectors

Health promotion

Men• Testicular exam

Women• Breast exam• Pap smear

Exposure to carcinogens

• Tobacco• Alcohol• Chemicals• Viruses• Sun

Accidents

• Eye• Hearing• Work

Obesity

• 20-30% excess body weight

Stress

• management

Family Planning

• Birth control