Life Span

School AgeChapter 9

School Age

• AKA: Late childhood• Formal education• Ends with–Puberty

Height & Weight

• Height–2-3 inch / year

Wait a minute! How much do they grow?

• Toddlers–3 inch / year

• Preschool–2 ½ - 3 inch / year

• School age–2 - 3 inch / year

Height & Weight

• Height–2-3 inch / year

• Weight–5 lbs / year

Bone and Muscle Development

• Long bone growth –Stretches•Muscles• Ligaments

–“growing pains

Bone and Muscle Development

• Long bone growth• Posture changes–Center of gravity moves • Downward

–Pelvis tips backwards –Chest flattens

Bone and Muscle Development

• Long Bone growth• Posture changes• Muscle strength– h– Immature • Injures

• Fine & Gross motor skills–h

Sensory Development

• Visual maturity –Age 6-7

• Peripheral vision–h

• Depth perception–h

• Large print –No longer needed

– Hand-eye coordination

Teeth

• Loss of deciduous teeth–6-7

• Permanent teeth• Grow in same

order as deciduous teeth

Dentition

• Dental visits–Q 6 months–Malocclusion–Plaque

Development of the GI System

• GI tolerances–h

• stomach capacity–h

Development of the Nervous System

• Motor skills• Cognitive • Senses mature– Taste– Smell – Touch

–Discrimination

Development of the Immune system

• Peak antibody levels• Lymph tissue – Tonsils–Adenoids• Enlarged

Vital Signs

• Pulse– 90

• Murmurs– 50%

• BP– 100/60

• Resp– Alveoli – 20/min

Motor development

• Muscle mass–h

• Strength–h

• Gender Differences

Motor development

Boys• Stronger• Running• Jumping• Throwing• Endurance

Girls• Balance• Coordination• Fine motor skills

Motor Development: 6-7

• Print • Throw• Catch• Swim• Tie shoes

Motor Development: 7-8

• Smoother• Ball & bat

Motor Development: 8

• Pencil• Print cursive• Musical instruments• Outgoing– Fearless

• Select games based on interests

Motor Development: 9-10

• Sports

Sexual Development

• Questions–“The Talk!”

Sexual Development

• Questions–“The Talk!”

• Relationships–Same gender

• Puberty

Psychosocial Development

• See themselves as –Producers

• Social focus–World

• Motivated • Positive reinforcement

Psychosocial Development: 6-7

• Energy • New projects• Short attention span

Psychosocial Development: 9

• Initiate task• Completion

Psychosocial Development: 11

• Delayed gratification

• Stanford Marshmallow Test

Relationships: Friends

• Numerous• Short duration• Same gender• BFF• Heroes

Family Relationships

• Sibling rivalry• Parent affection

Relationships

• Privacy• $• Hygiene• Room organization• Expression of emotions

Discipline

• Balance–Limits–Praise / rewards

• Chores

How many people own a TV set?

• 99% of American households have at least 1 TV–54% of children have a TV in their

room

How much TV to kids watch?

• The average American child watched 3-5 hours a day–28 hours a week

Violent Content

• 57% of TV programs contain violence• Children programming contains 5

times more violence than prime time TV• 25% of violent acts involve handguns• Children’s TV shows contain about 20

violent acts each hour

When do kids watch TV the most?

• Saturday morning• Before school• After school

Children

• Can’t tell what is real from fiction–Lack real life experience–Believe what they see

• Are visual learners–Imitate what they see

TV violence misleads

• Violence is rewarded • Violence is everywhere• Violence is justified• Violence is funny

$ effects of media violence

• Aggressor effect• Victim effect• Bystander effect• Appetite effect

Special Concern

• Video games• Computer

Special Concern

• “Latchkey” children

• Specific place & time

• Check in• Teach • Designate• Rehearse• Schedule

School

• Kindergarten–Socialization

School

• 1st – 4th grade–Following rules–Concentration–Unconditional respect

School

• 5th – 8th grade–Independent learning–Judgmental–Teacher i authority

Bullying

• School phobia• Somatic conditions

Parental guidelines (9-2)

Bullies• Teach respect• Set clear rules• Teach negotiation• + Example• + Example• Praise + behavior

Victims• Coping strategies• Enc. verbalization• Self-esteem activities• Self-esteem activities• Praise achievements• Avoid intervening

Cognitive Development

• Conservation

Lack of object conservation

Cognitive Development

• Reversibility

Cognitive Development

• Causation–Cause & effect

• Seriation– the ability to

sort objects in an order according to size, shape, or any other characteristic.

• Classification– the ability to name and

identify sets of objects according to appearance, size or other characteristic, including the idea that one set of objects can include another.

Are there more animals or dogs?

Cognitive development

• Perspective• Time, space &

dimension• Braggers

Homework

• 5-8 years–Fun

• 9+ years–Avoid

Homework Routine!

Moral development

• Transition• Lying• Reciprocity–Concern for others

• Law & Order

Communication

• Vocabulary–multiple

meaning• Swearing• Code language

Nutrition

• Calcium• Breakfast• Obesity

Sleep & Rest

• 6 yr old–12 hours

• 11 yr old–10 hours

Play

• Pretend reality• Competition• Team play

Safety

• MVA• Protective gear• Water safety• Just say “no”

Stranger Danger

School Violence

Substance Abuse