Life13 ENV/LU/000460 www.delphiau.to/Life

Life DI-CNG

Life Cycle Assessment for Manufacturing of Direct Injection Natural Gas Injectors

Authors: Dr. Joachim Kiefer, Delphi Automotive Systems Luxembourg, Powertrain Systems

Dr. Elorri Igos, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN Department

Introduction and Objectives

Demonstrate the technical feasibility of DI-CNG injector manufacturing at pre-industrial prototype level and evaluate envi-

ronmental performances of DI-CNG technology via Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study.

Direct-Injection of Compressed Natural Gas (DI-CNG) technology

DI-CNG Injector Engine performance boost Monovalent DI-CNG vehicle End consumer

+ Driving comfort and power

+ Increased efficiency and reduced

gas consumption

+ Low operation costs and taxes

+ High range (>600 km), fast fueling

+ Zero particles, ultra low emissions

- Limited vehicle fleet

- Insufficient fueling infrastructure

across Europe

Environmental Impact Evaluation of DI-CNG technology

Acknowledgements:

Massimo Ferrera, Fiat Research Center, www.gason.eu

Summary and Conclusions

Preliminary LCA results show that Direct Injection of Natural Gas (DI-CNG) can decrease significantly the environmental impact of

passenger cars during their operation in particular when using renewable natural gas (RNG). Moreover Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)

do not emit particles and display ultra low NOx emissions. Thus combustion engines operating with natural gas could become com-

plementary to electrification. Direct injection enables further improvements of efficiency. While downsizing of engines becomes fea-

sible, same levels of performance and driving comfort can be reached than with modern Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) vehicles.

Further LCA results will compare the manufacturing of injectors and of the modified engine components for gasoline direct injection

and monovalent DI-CNG vehicles.

Leaflet

Take Away

193

104

59

82

0

50

100

150

200

250

GDI DI-CNG RNG(manure)

RNG(manure +

mais)

g(C

O2) e

q/k

m -46% -69% -57%

Carbon footprint: Well-to-Wheel

Contact:

Joachim.Kiefer@delphi.com

Tel: ++352 5018 2403

Visit us on

Stand #6

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

CO

2[g

/km

]*

Vehicle weight [kg]

GDI 2017

2020 Target

NGVs

Linear (GDI 2017)

Tank-to-Wheel emissions

-20% Sp

eed [k

m/h

]

NEDC

GDI

PFI-

CNG

-20%

Testing by European Driving Cycle

*: NEDC testing

Well-to-Wheel

En

erg

y &

Ma

teri

als

Waste & Emissions Time

Preliminary LCA results Selected impacts (ILCD recommenda-

tions):

CC: climate change

OD: ozone depletion

HT, nc: Human toxicity, non carcinogenic

HT,c: human toxic., carcinogenic

PM: Particulate matter formation

POF: photochemical oxidant

FEP: Freshwater eutrophication

MEP: Marine eutrophication

FET: Freshwater ecotoxicity

WR: Water resources depletion

MD: Metal depletion*

FD: Fossil depletion*

*: ReCiPe method

Injector

lifecycle

System boundaries

DI-CNG injector

+ engine parts

DI-CNG

Well-to-Wheel

GDI

Well-to-Wheel

GDI injector

+ engine parts