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2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 1
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceLifecycle Perspective Lifecycle Perspective ofof
Technologies and PropertiesTechnologies and PropertiesTechnologies and Properties Technologies and Properties of Recycled Aggregate of Recycled Aggregate ConcreteConcrete in Japanin Japan
Takafumi NOGUCHI The University of Tokyo [email protected] tokyo.ac.jp
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 2
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Content
•• IntroductionIntroduction History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling –– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures –– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology –– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures –– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 3
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceEnvironmental Problems in Concrete
IndustriesIndustries
•• Global warmingGlobal warming Resource depletionResource depletion•• Resource depletionResource depletion
•• Waste disposalWaste disposal
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 4
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Building Related CO2 Emission
Housing
construction
Commercial
building
Japan’s total CO2 emission
1.2 billion
5% construction
6% Building
repair
1% tons Energy for
housing
operationEnergy for
36%36%
Other
industries
64%
11% gy
commercial
building
operation
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
p
13%
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 5
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
CO2 Emission from Concrete Industries2
Portland cement: 1 tonPortland cement: 1 ton
COCO 0 750 75COCO22: 0.75 ton: 0.75 ton Decarbonation of limestone (60 %)Decarbonation of limestone (60 %) Fossil fuel combustion (30 %)Fossil fuel combustion (30 %)
Concrete: 1 mConcrete: 1 m33
COCO22: 0.35 : 0.35 -- 0.45 ton0.45 ton Cement production (0 25 ton)Cement production (0 25 ton)
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
Cement production (0.25 ton)Cement production (0.25 ton) Others (0.1 Others (0.1 –– 0.2 ton)0.2 ton)
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 6
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Resource Input into Construction Industries
TotalTotal ConstructionConstruction
Total: 2,000 (million t/year)Total: 2,000 (million t/year) Total: 1,000 (million t/year)Total: 1,000 (million t/year)CONCRETE is the second most widely consumed CONCRETE is the second most widely consumed substances on Earth, after water !substances on Earth, after water !
OthersOthers“LIQUID STONE:NEW ARCHITECTURE IN CONCRETE”“LIQUID STONE:NEW ARCHITECTURE IN CONCRETE” (National Building Museum in Washington D.C.)(National Building Museum in Washington D.C.)
ConstructionConstruction ConcreteConcreteWoodWood
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
1,000 (million 1,000 (million t/year)t/year) 50%50%
ConcreteConcrete 500 (million t/year)500 (million t/year) 50%50%SteelSteel
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 7
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Waste Output from Construction Industries
Industrial WasteIndustrial Waste Construction WasteConstruction Waste
Total: 406 (million t/year)Total: 406 (million t/year) Total: 79 (million t/year)Total: 79 (million t/year)
EnergyEnergyOthersOthers A h lA h lWoodWood OthersOthers
EnergyEnergy
AgricultureAgriculture
PulpPulp
SteelSteel
ChemicalChemical Asphalt Asphalt concreteconcreteSludgeSludge
WoodWood
ConstructionConstruction 79 ( illi / )79 ( illi / )
ConcreteConcrete 35 ( illi35 ( illi
PulpPulp
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
79 (million t/year)79 (million t/year) 17%17%
35 (million 35 (million t/year)t/year) 42%42%
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 8
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Final Disposal Sites for Waste
200
220
in re a
General
Industrial Waste: 412 (million Industrial Waste: 412 (million t/year)t/year)
180
200
e w
as te
po sa
l a r
io n
m 3 ) Industrial
140
160
Po ss
ib le
na l d
is p
(m ill
i
120
19 93
19 94
19 95
19 96
19 97
19 98
19 99
20 00
20 01
20 02
20 03
P fi
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
Scarcity of residual capacity of final disposal areas
ResourceResource--recycling recycling societysociety
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 9
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Content
•• IntroductionIntroduction History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling –– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures –– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology –– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures –– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 10
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Recycling Ratio of Concrete
1990 Recycle Disposal
Ministry of ConstructionMinistry of Construction Action Plan for Construction Action Plan for Construction
ByBy--productsproducts ‘‘9494
1995
ByBy products products 9494 Promotion Plan for Promotion Plan for
Construction Waste Construction Waste RecyclingRecycling ’’9797
Basic Law for Establishing aBasic Law for Establishing a
2005
2000
Basic Law for Establishing a Basic Law for Establishing a RecyclingRecycling--based Societybased Society
Construction Material Recycling ActConstruction Material Recycling Act Law on Promoting Green Law on Promoting Green
PurchasingPurchasing
0 10 20 30 40
Emission of Concrete Lumps (million t)
2005
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
For road For road subbasesubbase For mechanical stabilization For mechanical stabilization
underground underground
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 11
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferencePredicted Amount of Future Concrete
WasteWaste t)
600
500 Concrete Concrete productionproduction
on (
m ill
io n
400
300
productionproduction
ConcretConcretD d fD d f
Pr od
uc ti
o
200
100
ConcretConcret ee wastewaste
Demand forDemand for road road subbasesubbase Greatest part of
future aggregate for concrete
Greatest part of future aggregate for concrete
0
1950 2000 2050
YearImbalance between Recycling
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
YearImbalance between supply of concrete
waste demand for road
subbase
Recycling From Quantity-oriented to Quality-oriented
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 12
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Content
•• IntroductionIntroduction History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling –– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures –– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology –– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures –– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 13
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Standardization of Recycled AggregateStandardization of Recycled Aggregate
19771977 Building Contractors SocietyBuilding Contractors Society “Draft standard for the use of recycled aggregate and recycled y gg g y
concrete”
19941994 Minist
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