LifeStraw® Family 2.0Clean & safe drinking water for households

Eliminates Bacteria, Viruses and Protozoan Parasites

lifestraw.comEdition: August 2014

Approximately 43 percent of the

global population, especially the

lower-income populace in remote and

rural parts of the developing world, is

deprived of piped water supplies on (7)the premises

Global Drinking Water Crisis

784 million

173 million

4 billion

1.5 million

people are without access (1)to safe drinking water

people rely on untreated (1)surface water

cases of diarrheal illness (2)occur each year

lives are lost each year (3)from diarrhea

1

25 million

2 billion

5,000 children

cases of enteric fever

(typhoid and paratyphoid) occur each (4)year

cases of intestinal worms (5)occur each year

die daily from diseases (5)related to poor water and sanitation

3-5 million

547 million

cholera cases and more

than one hundred thousand deaths (6)occur each year

people will remain

without an improved drinking water

supply in 2015, if current trends (1)continue

A highly protective, long-lasting household water purifier with built-in safe storage,

which instantly converts contaminated water into microbiologically-safe and clean

drinking water

Introducing LifeStraw® Family 2.0

Effective:

Easy to Use

No Chemicals

ŸHollow fibre filtration technology

converts contaminated water into

safe drinking water

ŸRemoves:

Ÿ99.9999% of bacteria

Ÿ99.999 % of viruses

Ÿ99.99% of protozoan parasites

Ÿ Removes dirt and cloudiness,

making water clear

Ÿ Meets “Highly Protective” category

by World Health Organization

Ÿ Meets United States EPA drinking

water standards

Ÿ Externally lab-tested

ŸEasy to operate

ŸNo repeat intervention

ŸDoes not require electrical power or

batteries

ŸDoes not require running water or

piped water supply

ŸEasy-to-clean pre-filter and

purification cartridge

ŸContains no chemical treatment

ŸNo bad taste

ŸNo strong odor

ŸUses raw materials that meet US

Food and Drug Administration

regulations and standards

Long-lasting

Storage Capacity

Ÿ Estimated lifetime filtration capacity

of 24,000-30,000 liters,* enough to

supply a family of five with clean

drinking water for three to five years

Ÿ Designed for durability in difficult

and hard-to-reach settings

ŸFive liter dirty water tank and five liter

safe storage tank yield a total

capacity of 10 liters

Ÿ Long-lasting, easy operation,

requiring minimal training

Ÿ Scalable to underserved

communities

*based on a turbidity level of 4-5 NTU, under

laboratory conditions.

Scalable

2

3

Households without access

to treated water, WASH

programs

(3)

(4)

People Living with

HIV/AIDS

(4,5)

(6)

Ÿ Approximately 780 million people

worldwide still do not have access to

improved water sources and even

improved water sources such as

protected wells, springs, and

boreholes can become

contaminated

Ÿ LifeStraw® Family 2.0 enables

families to treat their water in the

home, ensuring they receive

microbiologically safe water free from

bacteria, viruses and protozoan

parasites, and helps prevent the

recontamination that can occur when

water is transported from the source

to the point-of-use

Ÿ The long-term durable nature of the

product provides households with

upto 30,000 liters of safe water over its

lifetime, enough to last a family of five

approximately 3-5 years without need

of repeat intervention

Ÿ Diarrhea affects 90% of people living

with HIV/AIDS and results in significant

morbidity and mortality

Ÿ Persistent diarrhea is associated with

an 11-fold increase in mortality in HIV-

infected children compared to

uninfected children

Ÿ In Africa, diarrhea is four times more

common among children with HIV and

seven times more common among

adults with HIV than their HIV-

negative household members

Ÿ Cryptosporidium has been identified

as the most common waterborne

pathogen associated with chronic

diarrhea and increased risk of

mortality among people living with

HIV in low resource settings

Ÿ An editorial recently published by

the WHO noted the importance of

using water treatment options that

are effective against

cryptosporidium, noting that

chlorine alone does not address this

risk in HIV populations (WHO

citation). LifeStraw® Family 2.0 meets

WHO criteria for protecting against

cryptosporidium

(7)

(4)

(8)

Child Health & Child

Survival

.(3)

(9)

Ÿ Diarrhea kills more young children

than AIDS, malaria and measles

combined

Ÿ Diarrhea in children from

impoverished areas during their first 2

years might cause, on average, an 8

cm growth shortfall and 10 IQ point

decrement by the time they are 7–9

years old

Ÿ A recent study, funded by the Bill and

Melinda Gates Foundation and

conducted across 7 countries, found

that Cryptosporidium was one of the

leading pathogens associated with

LifeStraw® Family 2.0 is Ideal for

Addressing the Safe Water Needs of:

4

increased risk of death in toddlers

aged 12-23 months

Ÿ In the same Gates funded study,

rotavirus had the highest disease

burden in infants and toddlers,

highlighting the importance that

water treatment addressing infant

and child mortality targets should

meet protective criteria for both

viruses (rota) and protozoa

(cryptosporidium)

Ÿ LifeStraw® Family 2.0 meets the

highly protective category under

WHO household water treatment

guidelines, addressing viruses,

protozoa and bacteria and has

specifically been tested to show

efficacy against both rotavirus and

cryptosporidium

(10)

(10)

Maternal Health

(11)

Ÿ Pregnant women are particularly

vulnerable to waterborne diseases

because their immune systems are

supressed

Ÿ There is evidence that providing

access to water treatment and

hygiene education during pregnancy

will increase a mother's retention of

water-treatment and hygiene

practices after birth

Ÿ Infections in the first six weeks after

childbirth lead to 15% of all

maternal deaths, primarily because

of poor hygiene practices and poor

infection control

Ÿ LifeStraw® Family 2.0 will provide

microbiologically-safe water for the

mother during her pregnancy and for

the period when the child is most

vulnerable to waterborne disease

Ÿ Along with food and shelter, safe

water and sanitation are the highest

priority interventions in emergency

situations. Unless adequate water

and sanitation services are quickly

provided to emergency-affected

children and their families, disease

and death will follow

Ÿ Diseases such as cholera,

gastroenteritis, and other

waterborne diseases can often

follow natural disasters

Ÿ LifeStraw® Family 2.0 is an ideal tool

for families facing disaster

situations. It is light-weight and

portable and requires no

consumables or energy inputs. It

prevents cholera and other

waterborne diseases commonly

found in disaster settings

Ÿ LifeStraw® products have been used

in many recent disasters globally,

including cyclone Nargis in 2008

which hit Myanmar, the 2010

earthquake in Haiti, and the 2010

floods in Pakistan. It is also being

used in on-going disaster settings in

conflict regions such as Chad and

the Democratic Republic of the

Congo

(12)

Emergencies

5

LifeStraw® Family 2.0 uses advanced

hollow fibre technology. Water is

forced through narrow fibres under

high pressure. Clean water exits

through tiny pores in the walls of the

hollow fibres, and deposits into the

safe storage container. Viruses,

bacteria, protozoa and other

contaminants are trapped inside the

hollow fibres and are flushed out by

backwashing. This is a highly efficient

method of filtration.

Ÿ The 80 micron textile prefilter

removes coarser particles and is

easy to clean.

Ÿ The dirty water storage tank has a 5

liter capacity.

Ÿ Backwashing of the membranes is

done by pressing down on the

cleaning lever. Dirty water flows to

the small red tank. The dirty water

should be discarded.

Ÿ Ultrafiltration takes place in the

membrane cartridge–a pore size of

20 nanometer retains bacteria,

viruses, parasites and fine dirt

particles.

Ÿ Filtered water collects in the safe

storage tank, which has a capacity

of 5 liters. The storage tank can be

opened for cleaning.

Ÿ The durable, field-tested tap

provides an easy outlet for purified

water.

Water from the red container should

never be consumed

How does LifeStraw® Family 2.0

Work?

Backwashingtank

Safe storagecontainer

Tap

Pre-filter

Top Lid

Dirty water tank

Backwashinglever

Each shipment of LifeStraw® Family is accompanied with a

Certificate of Quality (COQ).

The COQ summarises quality control testing data, including

antimicrobial efficacy and physio-chemical parametres for every batch

or shipment of LifeStraw® Family. It is sent to

the customer at the time of shipment.

Certificate of Quality

!

6

Why Filtration at the Point of Use?

Approximately 43 percent of the Ÿ

global population, especially the

lower-income populace in remote

and rural parts of the developing

world, is deprived of piped water (7)supplies on the premises

Point-of-use (POU) treatment is an Ÿ

approach that can accelerate the

health gains associated with the

provision of safe drinking water to

at-risk populations. It empowers

people to control the quality of their

drinking water

Treating water in the home or other Ÿ

point-of-use also reduces the risk

of waterborne disease arising

from recontamination during

collection, transport, and use in the

home, a well-known cause of water-(19)quality degradation

In many rural and urban areas of the Ÿ

developing world, household water-

quality interventions can reduce

diarrhea morbidity by more than (20,21)40 percent

Treating water in the home offers Ÿ

the opportunity for significant health

gains at potentially dramatic cost

savings over conventional

improvements in water supplies,

such as piped water connections to (22)households

A 2006 Cochrane review found Ÿ

household interventions were

twice as effective in preventing

diarrhea as common source-based (23)interventions

Among all point-of-use water Ÿ

treatment methods, water filters,

like LifeStraw® Family 2.0, have

been shown to be the most

effective for reducing diarrheal (23)diseases

7

Efficacy and User Acceptability

Rosa et al. (2014) Assessing the Impact

of Water Filters and Improved Cook

Stoves on Drinking Water Quality and

Household Air Pollution: A Randomised

Controlled Trial in Rwanda. PLoS ONE

9(3): e91011.doi:10.1371/

journal.pone.0091011

Ÿ LifeStraw® Family 2.0 filter uptake

among the intervention population

was high, with filters being

reportedly used in 89.2% of all

household visits

Ÿ 96.6% of drinking water samples

collected directly from filters were

free of thermo tolerant coliforms

(TTC)

Independent Laboratory Test

Results

Rotavirus reduction by LifeStraw®

Family 2.0 – Soil, Water and

Environmental Science, University of

Arizona:

Ÿ LifeStraw Family 2.0 filters were

evaluated for their ability to remove

rotavirus from water in one test

point. All the units had a log

reduction of >5.71 (99.999%),

indicating that the units exceeded

the requirements for a “Highly

Protective” water treatment device

as for rotavirus as defined by the

World Health Organization

guidelines for testing of

microbiological water purifiers

(WHO, 2011)

LifeStraw® Family 2.0 Technology and

Global StandardsLifeStraw® Family 2.0

Performance Standards

Ÿ Meets the criteria of the “Highly

Protective” category for

microbiological performance

specifications as defined in WHO's

2011'Evaluating Household Water

Treatment Options: Health-based

targets and microbiological

performance options

Ÿ Complies with the US

Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) 1987 Guide Standard and

Protocol for Testing Microbiological

Water Purifiers

Evaluating Household Water Treatment Options

Health-based targets and microbiological performance options (WHO, 2011)

*LifeStraw® Family 1.0, 2.0 and Community use ultrafiltration technology. Independent laboratory

tests have con? rmed they meet the category of “Highly protective”.

Target

Highly

protective

Protective

Interim

Log reduction 10

required:

protozoa

>4

>2

Log reduction 10

required:

bacteria

>4

>2

Achieves “protective” target for two classes of

pathogens and results in health gains

Log reduction 10

required:

viruses

>5

>3

Examples

Ultrafiltration,

boiling

Microfiltration,

flocculent

disinfection

Chlorine, ceramic,

bio sand

8

References

1. Naranjo J, Gerba CP. Assessment of the

LifeStraw® Family unit using the World Health

Organization Guidelines for “Evaluating

household water treatment options: health-

based targets and performance

specifications”. The University of Arizona;

2011.

2. Clasen T, Naranjo J, Frauchiger D, Gerba C.

Laboratory assessment of a gravity-fed

ultrafiltration water treatment device

designed for household use in low-income

settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 80(5): p.

819-23.

3. UNICEF and World Health Organization.

Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation:

2012 Update. WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring

Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation;

2012.

4. Katabira ET. Epidemiology and management

of diarrheal disease in HIV-infected patients.

Int J Infect Dis. 1999; 3(3): p. 164-7.

5. Mönkemüller KE, Wilcox CM. Investigation of

Diarrhea in AIDS. Can J Gastroenterol. 2000;

14(11): p. 933-40.

6. Tindyebwa D. Common Clinical Conditions

Associated with HIV: Handbook on Paediatric

AIDS in Africa; 2004.

7. Mermin J, Bunnell R, Lule J, Opio A, Gibbons A,

Dybul M. Developing an evidence-based,

preventive care package for persons with HIV

in Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2005; 10(10): p.

961-70.

8. Peletz R, Mahin T, Elliot M, Montgomery M,

Clasen T. Preventing cryptosporidiosis: the

need for safe drinking water. Bulletin of the

World Health Organization. 2013; 91(4): p. 238-

238A.

9. Guerrant RL, DeBoer MD, Moore SR, Scharf RJ,

Lima AAM. The impoverished gut—a triple

burdenof diarrhoea, stunting and chronic

disease. Nature. 2013; 10: p. 220-229.

9

10. Kotloff K, Nataro J, Blackwelder W, Nasrin D,

Farag TH, Panchalingham S. Burden and

aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and

young children in developing countries (the

Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a

prospective, case-control study. Lancet. 2013;

Published online:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-

6736(13)60844-2.

11. Loharikar A, Russo E, Sheth A, Menon M,

Kudzala A, Tauzie B. Long-term Impact of

Integration of Houseold Water Treatment

and Hygiene Promotion with Antenatal

Services on Maternal Water Treatment and

Hygiene Practices in Malawi. Am J Trop Med

Hyg. 2013; 88(2): p. 267-274.

12. Goodburn E, Campbell O. Reducing maternal

mortality in the developing world: sector-

wide approaches may be the key. BMJ. 2001;

322: p. 917-920.

LifeStraw S.A.info@lifestraw.com

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