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Lifestyle Diseases& ManagementDr. Pallab Kanti Nath
MD (Anaesthesiology)
Lifestyle Diseases& Management
Dr. Pallab Kanti NathMD (Anaesthesiology)
What is a Lifestyle Disease ???health problems that
react to changes in lifestyle
diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors
All lifestyle diseases have one common property:
They make breathing heavier and body O2 lowCell hypoxia is the driving force of lifestyle diseases
What Causes Lifestyle Diseases?• Certain habits, behaviors, and practices
such as poor eating habits, inactivity, smoking
Controllable factors
• Factors that we cannot control such as age, gender, and heredity
Uncontrollable Factors
Controllable Risk Factors• Diet and body
weight• Daily levels of
physical activity
smoking, eating habits, exercise, amount of sleep you get.. smoking, eating habits, exercise, amount of sleep you get.. Your level of sun exposureSmoking and alcohol abuse
•Amount of sun exposure
• Smoking and alcohol abuse
Uncontrollable factors• Age
• Race
• Gender
• Heredity
Improper life style:Over eating Excessive consumption of fats Smoking Drinking Chewing tobacco Sedentary life style Lack of exercise
Types of Lifestyle Diseases
• Cardiovascular diseases• Stroke• Diabetes• Cancer• Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease• Depression• Musculoskeletal disorder
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cholesterol
High Cholesterol
Type - A Mental Stress
Alcohol Smoking
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
14Dr.S.Siva, Aden refinery Hospital, Little Aden, Yemen
Have the victim sit down and rest, and attempt to keep calm. Loosen any tight clothing.
If the victim has a known heart condition, ask if he takes a chest pain medication.
Assist the victim in taking the medication (usually nitroglycerin, which is placed under the tongue).
If the pain does not subside promptly with rest or within 3 minutes of taking nitroglycerin, call for emergency medical assistance.
What should be done?
What Is Blood Pressure?When your heart pumps, it forces blood through your vessels. This force is called blood pressure.
Brain Stem-Function
Cerebellum - Function
Stroke
T.I.A
CVA
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Diseases, Stroke and CVA
• Trim your fat intake, eat healthy• Cut down on salt• Keep your weight healthy• Don’t smoke• Don’t take alcohol• Do exercise• Monitor your blood pressure and
cholesterol• Relax & cut down on stress• If you are hypertensive then don’t skip
your Anti-hypertensive drugs
Diabetes
DIABETES
A disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from the blood such that high blood-glucose levels result.
Types of DiabetesType 1 diabetes or Juvenile Diabetes Type 2 diabetes or Maturity onset Diabetes(Most common)
Types of Diabetes
High risk category
45 yrs & above overweight close family member with diabetes diabetes during pregnancy had a baby that weighed > 9lbs (4kg)
Prevention of Diabetes
Maintaining a healthy weight
Avoiding smoking Reduction of Stress Avoiding Sedentary life Avoid Junk foods Exercise- reduces
insulin resistance
Cancer
CancerUncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
Risk factors for CancerTobacco use/ SmokingSexually Transmitted DiseasesDietary FactorsRadiationAsbestos
CAUTIONC – Change in bowel habitsA – A sore that does not healU – Unusual bleeding or dischargeT – Thickening or a lump I – Indigestion or difficulty swallowingO – Obvious change in a wart or moleN – Nagging cough or hoarseness
Prevention of cancerDon’t’ smoke!Wear sunscreen; stay
away from tanning bedsEat your veggies and cut
the fatEat moderate proteinStay activeGet regular medical
check-ups
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease• Symptoms - shortness of breath, cough and sputum
production
Tobacco smoking - most common cause of COPDother factors - air pollution, genetics
• Prolonged exposure to dusts, chemicals and fumes increase the risk of COPD in both smokers and nonsmokers
• Malnutrition & Low Birth weight is also a reason for Respiratory disease . Being either underweight or overweight can affect the symptoms
Prevention of COPD• Quit Smoking• Have Healthy Diet• Take nutrition supplements if
malnourished • Do Breathing exercise• Avoid exposure to fumes &
dust .• Improve both indoor &
outdoor air quality
Depression
Depression• state of low mood and aversion to activity
affects thoughts, behavior, feelings and sense of well-being
• Life events and life style that may precipitate depressed mood
– Childbirth– menopause – financial difficulties– job problems, Disease– loss of a loved one– relationship troubles…
Prevention of Depression• Healthy Eating
cut out junk food
• Avoid foods high in refined sugar and saturated fats
• Complex carbohydrates help to stimulate the feel good neurotransmitter serotonin
Continue……..• Exercise
increases production of natural antidepressants.
reduces stress, improves mood, boosts self-esteem, and provides restful sleep
• Weight lossimproves your self-esteem and overall
health
Continue……• Meditation
practice of engaging in a mental exercise—such as deep breathing or repetition of a phrase (mantra)
Meditation can help relieve anxiety
• SleepHaving a calming bedtime routine that
helps you wind down and feel fresh the next morning
Continue……..• Relationship
Spending time with positive, supportive, and loving people can help you through your darkest times
• Avoid Sedentary life - leads to depression stay active , do your hobbies, read books,
take active part in social activity
Walk...
Musculoskeletal Disease
Musculoskeletal DiseaseHealthy diet with physical activity
builds strong & healthy bonesExercise strengthens the bones ,
ligaments & muscle surrounding joints
Maintaining Healthy Lifestyle• Diet- healthy eating patterns Consume fewer Calories and be physically active.
• Exercise- At least 150 min per week of moderate-intensity,– 2 or more days per week of muscle-strengthening activities.
• Relaxation- Work/school/personal life balance, Relaxation response for 20 min, 1-2x/day
• Addiction Management- Smoking, alcohol, drugs
Minimum recommendation for physical Activity by WHO• Children & young people - moderate intensity
activity for at least 60 mints per day• Adults - at least 30 mints of exercise most if
not all days. Should include flexibility, muscle strength & endurance exercise twice a week
• 60 to 90 mints to improve when already in poor health or to lose weight
• Moderate exercise is Brisk walking, swimming, cycling, gardening with moderate effort