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Ian Miller
AMC
MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Types of Lifting Gear
Cranes
- pedestal
- HIAB/knuckle type
Derricks
- single
- union purchase
Hoists
- electric- air- chain
Miscellaneous
- gallows - power blocks
- pot haulers - gangway davits
- trawl booms
- life boat davits
Types of Lifting Hardware
Rope
Shackles
Hooks
Eye bolts
Blocks
Slings
End fittings
Derricks
Union Purchase
Pedestal Cranes
Telescopic Boom Crane
Jib Boom Crane
HIAB & knuckle crane
Limit Switches
Maximum Height Limit Max Jib Elevation Limit Minimum Jib Elevation Limit Ship Out -of- Trim Limit Dancing Roller Arrangement
Ponderball
Dancing Roller
Minimum Jib Elevation Switch
Maximum Jib Elevation switch
Maximum Hook Height Limit
Crane Load Testing using water filled bags
Crane Components Limit switches
- max hook height limit
- max/min jib elevation limits
- ship out of trim limit
Boom SWL markings
SWL markings for Cranes
SWL details must be marked:
on an external part of the the cranes structure, or
on derrick boom, or
on a plate near the heel of the derrick
and
in the driver’s cabin within easy view of driver
12T 30m / 20T 10m
SWL Outreach
Derrick/crane boom
1. Condition of SWR
2. Status of wire on winch drums
3. Condition and SWL’s of hardware & tackle
4. Check control operation
5. Check brakes
6. Check for oil leaks and condition of fittings
Cranes & derricksPre-use checks
HOISTS
Chain
Electric
Air
Trolley Lift
HOISTS
Pre-use checks
1. Read Manufacturers guide to operation
2 Always check SWL’s - assembly/hook/shackles
3. Check general condition
- distortion & damage
- gear assembly nuts
- chains & wires run smoothly
General Operations Precautions When Using Cranes to Lifting
1. Know the controls especially EMERGENCY STOP
2. Do not operate if load out of sight – otherwise use signals
3. Do not drive appliance to limit switches
4. Lift loads gently
5. Plumb loads to avoid swinging
6. Do not drag load
7. Do Not leave controls with load on hook
8. Do not stand or walk beneath a suspended load
Basic Components of Lifting Gear
Steel Wire Rope (FSWR)
Chains
Shackles
Hooks
Slings
Blocks & Tackle
Details:
MARINE ORDERS Part 32:Cargo Handling Equipment
Standing Part
Hauling Part (purchase)
Standing Block
Moving Block
Tackle
Single whipRunner
Double whipGun tackle
Handy billy(jigger)
Luff tackle
Tackle
Double luff2 fold
purchase
3 fold purchase
W
W
w
2
w
2
W
Rove to
Disadvantage
Rove to
Advantage
Methods of rigging tackle
Purchase leads from the standing block
Purchase leads from the moving block
standing block
moving block
Mechanical Advantage (MA)
MA = number of parts leading from the moving block
MA = 2 (2:1)
Moving Block
The ratio between the weight of a load, and the force required to lift the load.
Moving Block
MA = ?3
MA = 2
Breaking Strain
Safe Working Load (SWL)
Working Load Limit (WLL)
The ultimate strain on equipment at failure
The maximum load that should be applied to equipment
Calculating STRESS on the Hauling Part of a tackle
How Cars are Recoveredin Ireland
“Moichael, we’ve got a car ta pull out.”
“Ay Seamus, we’ll pull ‘er up directly.”
“Moichael, can yer crane hold ‘er?”“Seamus me lad, don’t be worryin’ now”
“Oh Shoit”
“Moichael, get outta the water and go get a bigger crane.”“Roight, Seamus. I will”
“Foine work Michael. No problem”
“Great”
“Now fer da crane Seamus. Up she comes.”
“Easy does it now”
“Oh f*#k it Moichael.
Breaking Strain
6= SWL
Fibre Rope Strength
Breaking Strain
5= SWL
SWR Strength
Rope Type SWL Formula
Natural fibre D2
Polyamide <50mm 3D2
>50mm 2.5D2
Polyester 2.5D2
Polypropylene 1.8D2
Polyethylene monofilament 1.8D2
staple 1.2D2
Steel Wire Rope 8D²
Formula for calculating approx Safe Working Load of ropes
Stress (S) =Weight (W)
Mechanical Advantage (MA)
Calculating STRESS on the Hauling Part
Stress (S) =Weight (W) + Friction
Mechanical Advantage (MA)
W
Stress
Including a Friction Component
No. of sheaves (n) x W
10Friction =
S =W +
MA
n x W
10{ }Friction
80 kg
S
S =
W +
MA
n x W
10{ }
801 80
10
1S =
x
S = 88 kgs
Rove to Disadvantage
801 80
10
2S =
x
S = 44 kgs
S =
W +
MA
n x W
10{ }
w
2
w
2
W80kg
Rove to Advantage
S
800kgs
S =
W +
MA
n x W
10{ }
S = x
8002 800
10
3
S = 320 kgs
Rove to Advantage
Stress
= SWL (kilograms)
SWL(manila) = D2
• From this we can say:
D=9.38 mm
88 kgs = D2
88 D=
10 mm
80 kg
S
Minimum size rope
Steel Wire Rope
SWR Transfer
Termination Point
Rule of Thumb
SHACKLES
Shackles
Lugs
‘D’ shackle
HAMMERLOCK
SW
L 1
.5T
Shackle size
‘D’ Shackle
Load Bearing Axis
SWLSTAMPED IN
BODY
‘Bow’ Shackle
Load Bearing Axis
Shackle Inspection
Moused pin
Hooks
Hooks
Do not crowd a hook
Hook Inspection
Slings
Fibre rope
Steel wire rope
Chain
Webbing
Fibre Rope Slings
Single Leg2 Legged
3 Legged 4 Legged
Endless sling/grommet
SWR Slings
Chain Slings
Synthetic Webbing Slings
Round webbing slings
Flat webbing slings
Synthetic Webbing Slings
SAFE SLINGING CHART
Synthetic Slings Inspection
Inspect for
external cuts and abrasions
stitching undone
Synthetic Slings Inspection
Inspect for
thickening of sling - internal wear
discoloration – sunlight (uv damage)
heat damage
chemical damage
Synthetic Slings Inspection
Inspect for
end fittings and eye damage
knots
Synthetic Slings Inspection
Inspect for
sleeve damage
crushing
Safe slinging depends on:
proper inspections
correct SWL gear
connecting load securely
keeping load safely suspended
Safe Slinging
No greater than 120° between legs of a sling
Preferred angle 60º
L
S
Distance ‘L’ must not exceed distance ‘S’ to ensure 60º angle
Safe Slinging
SLING ANGLES
Slinging MethodsSafe Slinging
Choke Hitch
Slinging MethodsSafe Slinging
Basket Hitch
Vertical Hitch
Sling must be marked or labelled with SWL details
SWL varies according to angle between legs of sling
Additional sling legs DO NOT increase SWL of sling assembly
Safe Slinging
Safe Working Load on Slings
Chain
Usually stamped (T), 8, 80, 800Grade (T)
(high tensile)
Grade (P) Usually stamped (P), 5, 50, 500
Grade (L)
(mild steel)Usually stamped (L), 3, 30, 300
Grade (S)
(alloy steel)Usually stamped (S), 6, 60, 600
Grade (M) Usually stamped (M), 4, 40, 400
Herc-Alloy800
Trademark of PWB Anchor Limited
Grading of Chain
If chain does not have a tag then check grade
If unsure of markings assume it is Grade 30 (mild steel)
If no grade remove from service
Eye BoltsAxial loads
Lifting Tackle - Blocks
Wooden blocks for fibre rope
Steel blocks for fibre rope
Steel blocks for SWR
Steel Wire Rope Block Snatch Block
Steel Wire Rope Blocks
Wooden blocks for fibre ropewhatever fits
Steel blocks for fibre ropehand powered 6 X diametermechanical 12 X diameter
Steel blocks for SWRhand powered 10 X diametermechanical 15 X diameter
Sheave size (diameter)
Sh
eav
e d
iam
ete
r
Groove too wide Groove too narrow
Sheave size (groove)
Approx 1 third nestled on sheeve
Marine Orders Part 32
Equipment Tests & Examinations
Register of Certificates & Tests
- Register requirements
- Certificate requirements
Safety & Legislative Requirements for Materials Handling Equipment
Materials handling equipment shall not be used for loading or unloading unless:
it has been tested thoroughly examined & certified
records indicate equipment is fit for use
it appears to be fit for use
MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT TESTS & EXAMINATIONS
MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENTREGISTER REQUIREMENTS
1. Register kept on board (ship equipment) - Master’s responsibility
2 Register kept where equip normally stored - Owner’s responsibility
3 Particulars of all tests, heat treatment certification, maintenance repair or replacement shall be recorded
4. Register kept in any form, must be clearly legible and authenticated
Certificate must be on appropriate form
All certificates kept near/with materials handling register
TEST CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENTS
Inspect all equipment for defects before using.
Determine weight of load and position of the c of g
Decide method of slinging and lifting the load.
Ensure load is free to be lifted
Clear communications
Apply the load gradually to avoid exceeding the S.W.L.
Check the load's balance and general security.
When lowering, stop a short distance above the landing site
Check lifting equipment before returning to stowage.
Checks for Moving Loads Safely
Do Not connect to Bundle Strapping
A clear path to slew load
End Links
Spelter Sockets
Open Swage sockets
• Secures the tail or "dead end" of the wire rope to the wedge, thus eliminates loss or "Punch Out" of the wedge.
• Pin diameter and jaw opening allows the TERMINATOR™ to be used with UNI-LOC® Closed Swaged Sockets and Closed Spelter Sockets.
•
• Incorporates Crosby's QUIC-CHECK™ "GO" and "NO-GO" wire rope gauge feature cast into the wedge.
•
•
END