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Publishing Linked Data from Brazilian Politicians on the Web
Lucas de Ramos AraújoPablo N. Mendes
Jairo Francisco de Souza
At the Workshop on Semantics in Governance and Policy Modelling, Extended Semantic Web Conference 2011 ESWC2010.
May 30, 2011 - Crete, Greece
Outline● Introduction● Background● Project Landscape● Linking Citizens and Politicians● Conclusion
Introduction: Motivation● Why?
● Brazil has a substantial amount of government data available on the Web, but usually not structured
● Brazil ranks 61st in the United Nations E-Government Survey 2010 losing 16 positions since 2008 [1].
● Brazilian citizens: over 90% of the interviewed have average, little or no interest in politics [2].
● Mix information from different sources enable new services and offer new insights about the people and the government.
[1] United Nations e-Government Survey 2010 (http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un /unpan038851.pdf)[2] Latin American Public Opinion (http://www.scielo.br/pdf/op/v15n2/09.pdf)
Introduction: Goal● Our goal?
● Collect data from Brazilian politicians from different sources and publish them as Linked Open Data.
● Enable reuse and interconnection between information from different sources, thus generating new knowledge.
● Engage citizens in actively participating in the decisions being taken by their elected government.
● Bridging a gap between the government and public opinion.
Background● Linked Open Data, incrementally:
★★
★★ ★★
★★★★★★ ★★★★★★★★
★★★★★★★★★★
make your stuff available on the Web under an open license
make it available as structured data
use non-proprietary formats
use URIs to identify things, so that people can point at your stuff
link your data to other data to provide context
Tim Berners-Lee's 5 star scheme. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
6
WEB
< Approach: Integrate in-house, expose result of integration
PortalBD
BD
BD
IntegratedData
Consumer
Another Consumer
Data on the Web (1990s)
● One cannot anticipate all uses of his/her data– For some, a portal is a nice way to access data– For others, it is an obstacle on their way to create
interesting applications
7
< Linked Data Approach: expose individual data, expose linkage
LINKED DATA WEB
IntegratedData
Portal
AnotherMashup
Another Consumer
ConsumerBD
BD
BD
Data on the Web (linked!)
● A portal is just one option to look at the data.– Third parties have the freedom to re-purpose the data– Third-party perspectives may be useful for other people– May be useful even for the publisher's portal!
Project Architecture
DataSources
ScreenScrapers
Database
RDF
HTML
LOD Cloud
Supreme Electoral Court
Federal Senate
House of Representatives
Brazilian Politicians
Excellencies
Example page: Politician
Example Structured Data: Politician
Linked!
Politician
State
Proposals
Leaderships
Speechs
DBpedia
Twitter Mentions
UMBELYAGO
Missions Elections
AssetsVotes
GeoNames
Citizen Participation
Dataset
LOD Cloud
FacebookComments
Linking Citizens and Politicians● My city page:
● Emphasizing the interpretation that politicians represent a certain group of citizens
Visualization Perspectives● What is my elected representative working on?
● Start from keywords, dig into the text
Visualization Perspectives
● Offering interfaces for different visualizations.
Flexibility in Exploration● Arbitrary queries on the data
● Representatives of states with high illiteracy that vote on propositions related to 'education'
SELECT DISTINCT ?politico ?estado ?analfabetismo WHERE { ?politico a dbpedia-owl:Politician . ?politico dbpedia-owl:birthPlace ?estado . ?estado dbpprop:analfabetismo ?analfabetismo . ?estado dbpprop:nome ?nome . ?voto <http://ligadonospoliticos.com.br/politicobr/politician> ?politician . ?voto <http://ligadonospoliticos.com.br/politicobr/voting> ?votacao . ?votacao <http://ligadonospoliticos.com.br/politicobr/proposition> ?proposicao . ?proposicao rdf:type polbr:proposicao. ?proposicao dcterms:description ?ementa FILTER (?analfabetismo > 20) FILTER regex(?ementa, "educação","i")}
http://pt.dbpedia.org/?q=exemplos
Linking Citizens and Politicians● Connecting politicians to public opinion through
social media.
Conclusion● Following best practices (such as LOD) to open data
allows citizen developers to create interesting apps● We hope that more data and more applications will
engage citizens in an active dialog with the government
● As future work, we intend to:● Update and link more data.● Provide a friendly interface for query formulation ● Link propositions to LOD via entity extraction● Engage more developers
References● UNITED NATIONS. “United Nations E-Government Survey 2010”. New Yourk: UN
Publishing Section, 2010, “http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un /unpan038851.pdf”, December 2010.
● Opinião Pública.: Vol. 15, no 2, November, 2009, Encarte Tendências, Campinas, Brazil. p.511-542. Latin American Public Opinion (LAPOP). 2007. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/op/v15n2/09.pdf. March, 2011.