LIGHT COMBACT AIRCRAFT TEJAS

A Seminar report submitted to the

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada in partial

fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

Submitted by

NAME: TIRUMALA MOHAN SAI TEJA

Register. NO :14761A2140

DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)

(Approved by AICTE, affiliated to JNTU, Accredited by NBA and ISO 9001-2008 certified) L.B. REDDY NAGAR, MYLAVARAM, KRISHNA Dist.

2016-2017

CERTIFICATE

LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)

(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Accredited by NBA and ISO 9001-2008 certified)

L.B.REDDY NAGAR, MYLAVARAM, KRISHNA Dist.

DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled LIGHT COBAT AIRCRAFT TEJAS that is being submitted for the partial fulfillment of BACHELOR OF

TECHNOLOGY degree in AEROSPACE ENGINEERING to JNTU,

Kakinada, is a bonafied work done by NAME: TIRUMALA MOHAN SAI TEJA

(Register. No: 14761A2140) during the academic year 2016-2017 and it has been

found worthy of acceptance according to the requirement of the university.

(Dr. P. LOVARAJU) Head of Department

INTERNAL EXAMINER

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INDEX OF THE SEMINAR REPORT

PAGE NO: CONTENT

1 ABSTRACT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 DEVELOPMENT

4 LCA PROGRAMME

5 THE MAIN AGENDA

6 EARLY DEVELOPMENT

7 DESIGN OF THE LCA TEJAS

8 COMPOSITION OF THE LCA

TEJAS

9 COMMUNICATION AND

AVIONICS

10 CONTROL SURFACE

11 PROPULSION SYSTEM

12 SUMMARY

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LIGHT COMBACT AIRCRAFT TEJAS

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SEMINAR REPORT ON TEJAS LIGHT COMBAT AIRCRAFT

TMS TEJA

14761A2140

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this presentation is to give a short introduction on the newly

manufactured aircraft by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Aeronautical

Development Agency that is none other than LCA TEJAS LIGHT COMBACT

AIRCRAFT. When there are no fighter crafts for the wing section of the Indian Navy

and Indian Air force the LCA TEJAS stood in the section of Combat.

The main objective of this TEJAS LCA is for the self-reliance of

Indian aerospace industry and to replace the Mirage-21 from the Indian Air FORCE

as its structural failure is damaged because of its long usage in the combat. The one

more taught is to develop an Indian man made aircraft with its own configuration.

They want to develop a highly configured aircraft can which compete with combat

aircrafts of other strong countries like USA, Canada, Europe, Russia. The developed

aircraft should have highly configured technology that can able to combat with

former enemy of India i.e. Pakistan.

Fig: TEJAS lifting off into the sky

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INTRODUCTION:

The aircraft has a tailless delta wing structure which gives its high maneuverability.

It came from the LIGHT COMBACT AIRCRAFT program which was started in the

year 1980.LCA was officially named as TEJAS by the prime minister Atal Bihari

Vajpayee. It is having a meaning of radiant in Sanskrit.

TEJAS has a pure delta wing configuration with no tail planes. It is the

smallest and lightest in the combat supersonic aircraft. It is the second supersonic

aircraft developed by HAL after the HF-24 MARUT. The projected requirement

requirement for IAF is 200 single seat fighter aircrafts and 20 twin seater aircrafts.

DEVELOPMENT

In 1969, the Indian government accepted the recommendation by its Aeronautics

Committee that HAL should design and develop a fighter aircraft around a proven

engine. Based on a tactical air support aircraft ASR markedly similar to that for the

MARUTH HAL completed design studies in 1975, but the project fell through due

to inability to produce the selected proven engine.

The LCA other objectives was to introduce the concept of the

fly by wire, and to develop an engine with after burner. This program also includes

usage of the Doppler radar system in the cockpit.

LCA PROGRAME

The chief designer of the LCA aircraft was DR. K.Harinarayana. He is the director

of the program. Under his supervision the HAL made a delta wing configuration and

relaxed static stability.

THE MAIN AGENDA OF THE LCA PROGRAME

The main agenda of the LCA TEJAS to replace the MIG-21 in the Indian Navy and

Air force. To have a flight with our Indian technology. Out of 35 major components

only 3 of them are foreign made. This shows how India is self-reliance to develop

an aircraft to compete with the other light combat aircrafts like f-16, mirage, f-21.

THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT

The HAL TEJAS designs are completed by 1975, but it was a little bit delay in the

manufacturing process due to the nuclear tests conducted by A.P.J Abdul Kalama in

1998.This results in the ban of production of the engine from the USA. Over 3500

tests are conducted with a flight period of 580 hours. So many difficulties are faced

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by the designers to develop such highly configured aircraft which can travel up to a

Mach Number of 1.4. The problems they encountered is with the structural analysis.

So many critics are made by US Navy and Air force during the

manufacturing process. They taught that Indian could not develop an aircraft with

highly configured systems. Avionics systems of the LCA TEJAS is developed by

the DRDO AND DLRL.

Another critical technology is the Multi-Mode Radar (MMR).

The Ericsson/Ferranti PS-05/A I/J-band multi-function radar was initially intended

to be used as used on Saab'sJAS 39 Gripen. However, after examining other radars

in the early 1990s, the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)

became confident that local development was possible. HAL's Hyderabad division

and the LRDE were selected to jointly lead the MMR programme, and work

commenced in 1997. The DRDO's Centre for Airborne System (CABS) is

responsible for the MMR's test programme. Between 1996 and 1997, CABS

converted the surviving HAL/HS-748M Airborne Surveillance Post (ASP) into a

testbed for the LCA's avionics and radar.

The NAL's CLAW team completed integration of the flight control laws by

themselves, with the FCS software performing flawlessly for over 50 hours of pilot

testing on TD-1, resulting in the aircraft being cleared for flight in January 2001.

The automatic flight control system (AFCS) has been praised by all test pilots, one

of whom remarked that he found the LCA easier to take off in than in a Mirage 2000.

DESIGN OF THE LCA TEJAS

The LCA TEJAS is a delta wing configuration system. Its design includes multirole

and multi mission capabilities. This is tailless and minimize the usage of the control

surfaces. Delta wing is designed to be small and light in weight.

Its high alpha performance can give an angle of attack of 26 degrees. The

high rates of roll and pitch. More CFD analysis bought more aerodynamic

characteristics. Permits wider range of loads in the wing section.

The TEJAs is a single-engine multirole fighter which features a tailless, compound

delta wing and is designed with "relaxed static stability" for enhanced

maneuverability. Originally intended to serve as an air superiority aircraft with a

secondary ground-attack role, its flexibility permits a variety of guided air-to-surface

and anti-shipping weapons to be integrated for multirole and mult imission

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capabilities. The tailless, compound-delta planform is designed to be small and

lightweight. This platform also minimizes the control surfaces needed (no tail

planes or foreplans, just a single vertical tailfin), permits carriage of a wider range

of external stores, and confers better close-combat, high-speed, and high-

alpha performance characteristics than comparable cruciform-wing designs.

Extensive wind tunnel testing on scale models and complex computational fluid

dynamics analyses have optimized the aerodynamic configuration for minimum

supersonic drag, a low wing-loading, and high rates of roll and pitch.

Fig: Graphical design of LCA TEJAS.

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COMPOSITION AND AIRFRAME OF THE LCA TEJAS

The LCA tejas is made up of the diffenrent composite material for the structural

strenght.By the usage of the composite materials its weight can be reduced to

maximum limit.so the lift generation can be generated easily.

Fig; composition of LCA TEJAS

The major composite consists of the glass composite material; it contains about 40%

of the carbon fiber composite material. Aluminum alloys consists of 40% and steels

of 4.5% and titanium alloys are 5%.

Carbon fiber composites are used for the manufacturing of the glass cockpit, and

for the manufacturing of the digital screens. Titanium alloys are used in the

manufacturing of the slats, and for the avionics semiconductor material are used.

The use of composites resulted in a 40% reduction in the total number of parts,

including half the number of fasteners required, compared to a metallic frame

design. The composite design also helped to avoid about 2,000 holes being drilled

into the airframe. Overall, the aircraft's weight is lowered by 21%. While each of

these factors can reduce production costs, an additional benefit — and significant

cost savings — is realized in the shorter time required to assemble the aircraft —

seven months for the LCA as opposed to 11 months using an all-metal airframe The

wing-shielded, side-mounted bifurcated, fixed-geometry Y-

duct air intakes with splitter plates ,can ensure buzz-free air supply into the engine

compressor for thrust generation.

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AVIONICS AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN LCA TEJAS

The LCA TEJAS consists of the highly configured avionic systems. It includes the

mavayi suite commonly known as electronic welfare suite. The pilot can have a clear

view of the system working on the glass cockpit itself. It consists of get you home

panel which provides information of base in case of the emergency situation.

It had a hands on throttle stick which makes the pilot to feel

better for the flight and cruise manual. Moving target detection can be helpful to

destroy the target. Pulse repetition frequencies, EL/M radar, Scan conversion, D2

links.

GPS will play a prominent role in the location of the aircraft. Air to air and air to

ground datalinks

CONTROL SURFACES

It has relaxed static stability system and digital fly by wire system, Three flaps are

present on the either side of the delta wing which gives high angle of attacks. These

are hydraulically actuated. It is having 4 channel digital computer program. These

are powered by separate units for each system. The programing language used in

this computer is 32 bit ADAPROGAMING language.

Since the TEJAS is a relaxed static stability design, it is equipped with a

quadruplex digital fly-by-wire flight control system to ease pilot handling. The

TEJAs aerodynamic configuration is based on a pure delta-wing layout with

shoulder-mounted wings. Its control surfaces are all hydraulically actuated. The

wing's outer leading edge incorporates three-section slats, while the inboard sections

have additional slats to generate vortex lift over the inner wing and high-energy air-

flow along the tail fin to enhance high-Angle of attack stability and prevent

departure from controlled flight. The wing trailing edge is occupied by two-

segment elevons to provide pitch and roll control. The only empennage-mounted

control surfaces are the single-piece rudder and two airbrakes located in the upper

rear part of the fuselage, one each on either side of the fin.

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Fig: control surfaces of LCA TEJAS

PROPULSION SYSTEM OF THE LCA TEJAS

ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS

Engine

Thrust

Dry Thrust

Thrust with afterburner

External fuel tank

F-414 GE INS 6 ENGINE

953.5 KN

5-1 burner

89.8 KN

2*1200 liter drop tank

PERFOMANCE OF LCA TEJAS WITH F-414 GE ENGINE

Maximum speed

Combat Radius

Range

1.8 MACH NUMBER

500kms

3000 meters

SUMARRY:

Now all the difficulties that are arose to the LCA TEJAS is now flown away. Its time

to the LCA to serve for the Indian and Air force for the wing sections of the combat.

Many countries like USA have made a compliment on the configured technology

was made by Indians to compete with them. Srilanka had a made an agreement to

have TEJAS as one of the fighter aircrafts in their army. It shows that how powerful

is our aerospace technology Is.

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work presented in this seminar report title

“LIGHT COMBAT AIRCRAFT TEJAS” is submitted towards completion of main project in

B.Tech (Aerospace Engineering) Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering,

Mylavaram.

I have not submitted the matter embodied in this seminar report for the award of

any other degree.

NAME: TIRUMALA MOHAN SAI TEJA

Register No: 14761A2140)