LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED) LAMPS - ETCC...The light emitting diode (LED) A-19 lamp, shown in Figure...

Design & Engineering Services

LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED) A-19 LAMPS

ET10SCE1290 Report

Prepared by:

Design & Engineering Services

Customer Service Business Unit

Southern California Edison

December 9, 2010

LED A-19 Lamps ET10SCE1290

Southern California Edison

Design & Engineering Services December 2010

Acknowledgements

Southern California Edison’s Design & Engineering Services (DES) group is responsible for

this project. It was developed as part of Southern California Edison’s Emerging Technology

program under internal project number ET10SCE1290. DES project manager Yun Han

conducted this technology evaluation with overall guidance and management from program

manager Paul Delaney. For more information on this project, contact [email protected].

Disclaimer

This report was prepared by Southern California Edison (SCE) and funded by California

utility customers under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission.

Reproduction or distribution of the whole or any part of the contents of this document

without the express written permission of SCE is prohibited. This work was performed with

reasonable care and in accordance with professional standards. However, neither SCE nor

any entity performing the work pursuant to SCE's authority make any warranty or

representation, expressed or implied, with regard to this report, the merchantability or

fitness for a particular purpose of the results of the work, or any analyses, or conclusions

contained in this report. The results reflected in the work are generally representative of

operating conditions; however, the results in any other situation may vary depending upon

particular operating conditions.


Southern California Edison Page i Design & Engineering Services December 2010

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AC Alternating Current

ANSI American National Standards Institute

CCT Correlated Color Temperature

CLTC California Lighting Technology Center

CRI Color Rendering Index

DEER Database for Energy Efficiency Resources

DES Design & Engineering Services

DOE Department of Energy

EE Energy Efficiency

ET Emerging Technologies

F Fahrenheit

IES Illuminating Engineering Society

K Kelvin

kW Kilowatt

kWh Kilowatt Hour

LED Light Emitting Diode

lm Lumen

LTTC Lighting Technology Test Center

MHz Megahertz

PF Power Factor

rms Root Square Means

SCE Southern California Edison

SSL Solid State Lighting


Southern California Edison Page ii Design & Engineering Services December 2010

TTC Technology Test Centers

W Watt


Southern California Edison Page iii Design & Engineering Services December 2010

FIGURES Figure 1. A-19 Incandescent Lamp ................................................. 7

Figure 2. LED A-19 Lamp .............................................................. 8

Figure 3. Integrating Sphere ........................................................ 13

Figure 4. Lumen Output Results ................................................... 16

Figure 5. CCT Results ................................................................. 17

Figure 6. CRI Results .................................................................. 18

Figure 7. PF Results .................................................................... 19

Figure 8. Efficacy Results of Items <10 W ..................................... 21

Figure 9. Efficacy Results of Items ≥10 W ..................................... 21

Figure 10. Overall Results ........................................................... 24


Southern California Edison Page iv


TABLES Table 1. Laboratory Results ......................................................... 14

Table 2. Minimum Light Output .................................................... 15

Table 3. Number of Lamps .......................................................... 16

Table 4. CCT Targets .................................................................. 17



Table 7. Minimum PF .................................................................. 19

Table 8. Number of LED lamps ..................................................... 20

Table 9. Minimum Efficacy ........................................................... 20

Table 10. Number of LED Lamps .................................................. 22

Table 11. Pass/Fail ..................................................................... 23

Table 12. Summary of Results ..................................................... 24

Table 13. Average Cost of LED A-19 Lamps ................................... 25

Table 14. LED Average Watts and Percent Savings ......................... 25

Table 15. Energy Savings and Peak Demand Reductions ................. 25

Table 16. Simple Payback............................................................ 27

Table 17. LED Field Test Equipment .............................................. 30


Southern California Edison Page v


CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY _______________________________________________ 1

Significant Energy Savings Potential .......................................... 1

Limitations ............................................................................. 1

Energy Efficiency Incentive Program for LED A-19 lamps .............. 2

INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________________ 7

Background ............................................................................ 8

Emerging Technology/Product .............................................. 8

Assessment Objectives ............................................................ 9

TECHNOLOGY/PRODUCT EVALUATION _________________________________ 10

TECHNICAL APPROACH/TEST METHODOLOGY ___________________________ 11

Lab Testing of Technology ...................................................... 11

Test Plan ......................................................................... 11 Variables/Metrics .............................................................. 11

Light Output ............................................................... 11 Color Rendering Index ................................................. 11 Correlated Color Temperature ....................................... 11 Connected Load .......................................................... 12 Efficacy ...................................................................... 12 Power Factor .............................................................. 12

Instrumentation Plan ........................................................ 12 Integrating Sphere ...................................................... 12 Hioki Power quality Analyzer ......................................... 13

RESULTS_________________________________________________________ 14

EVALUATIONS ____________________________________________________ 15

Lumen Output ...................................................................... 15

Correlated Color Temperature ................................................. 17

Color Rendering Index ........................................................... 18

Power Factor ........................................................................ 19

Efficacy ................................................................................ 20

Overall Results ...................................................................... 22

Cost .................................................................................... 24


Southern California Edison Page vi Design & Engineering Services December 2010

Energy Savings ..................................................................... 25

Payback ............................................................................... 27

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ________________________________ 28

APPENDIX A – TECHNOLOGY TEST CENTERS _____________________________ 29

Location ............................................................................... 29

Lighting Technology Test Center ........................................ 29

APPENDIX B – EQUIPMENT __________________________________________ 30

APPENDIX C – LED A-19 LAMP RESULTS _______________________________ 31

APPENDIX D – OVERALL RESULTS _____________________________________ 34

APPENDIX E – ENERGY SAVINGS, PEAK DEMAND REDUCTION, COST, PAYBACK _ 37

REFERENCES _____________________________________________________ 45


Southern California Edison Page 1


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Southern California Edison (SCE) conducted this light-emitting diode (LED) A-19 lamp

Emerging Technologies (ET) Assessment Project in order to determine the energy savings,

performance, the availability of the LED A-19 lamp. In addition, the study determines

whether the LED A-19 lamp meets the Energy Star® minimum requirements. A-19 lamps

refer to the common household lamp with a standard Edison screw-base used in fixtures

such as table lamps, floor lamps, and general lighting fixtures where omni-directional light

is needed.

This project assesses the LED A-19 lamp's ability to replace the incumbent incandescent

technology by studying five separate metrics for 77 different A-19 lamps. The metrics were

color rendering index (CRI), efficacy (lumens/watt), light output (lumens (lm)), correlated

color temperature (CCT), and power factor (PF). The data for 56 A-19 lamps was obtained

from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Solid State Lighting (SSL) Lighting Facts

program. LightingFacts.com is a DOE sponsored website that reports the LED performance

according to industry standards that are listed by manufacturers’ names and model

number.i The remaining 21 LED A-19 lamps were tested in SCE's Lighting Technology Test

Center (LTTC) in order to determine their performance using the same metrics. The 21 LED

A-19 lamps were chosen by purchasing all available lamps through online retailers.

SIGNIFICANT ENERGY SAVINGS POTENTIAL This assessment demonstrates an energy savings of up to 80% when the common

incandescent A-19 lamp is replaced with the LED alternative. Target sectors with

very long operating hours will benefit the most from the 746-kilowatt hours

(kWh)/year (yr) in savings that LED technology potentially offers. This can result in a

simple payback of less than a year for some commercial applications with much less

for the residential sector where lighting is largely limited to nighttime hours. All 77

LED A-19 lamps were more efficient than their incandescent counterpart. The

efficacy varied from 50 lm/Watt (W) to almost 90 lm/W, resulting in a range of

energy savings. There were minor differences in shape, color rendition, and color

temperature compared to the incandescent lamps.

LIMITATIONS The available LED A-19 lamps in the market come in a broad range of light output

that is able to replace incandescent lamps that are between 25 W and 100 W.

Although there are lamps that can replace a typical 60 W and greater household

lamp, there are few such products available today. Most lamps evaluated are in the

25W - 40W equivalent range that may not meet the market's needs and expectations

of a more prevalent 60W incandescent. There are only four lamps that are a 60 W

equivalent and one lamp at 100 W out of the 77 lamps evaluated.

It should be noted that only two of the 56 LED A-19 lamps studied from the

LightingFacts.com website qualify as Energy Star rated in terms of the five metrics.

Eight additional lamps met them with the exception of power factor, which they

failed with less than 70%. Three of the 21 A-19 lamps tested in the LTTC qualified in

all five categories.




There are physical variations and precautions that need to be taken into account

when choosing LED A-19 lamps. Using a non-dimmable LED in a dimming circuit

may damage the lamp. LEDs are sensitive to heat and should not be used in

enclosed fixtures where there is no air circulation. In addition, some LED A-19 lamps

may not be a standard size that can fit into an existing fixture. Energy Star-qualified

products require standard overall length and diameter as set by American National

Standards Institute for Electric Lamps (ANSI) C78.20-2003 and also require the

product label to identify dimmable lamps.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY INCENTIVE PROGRAM FOR LED A-19

LAMPS The analysis of the data gathered and tested for this ET assessment project indicates

that the LED A-19 lamp can be a viable technology for an energy efficiency (EE)

incentive program. This project documents a large variation in light output from 25

to 100W equivalents. Most products available at the time of this assessment only

replaced 25 W – 40 W incandescent lamps. We recommend using Energy Star as the

baseline requirement for the program. This ensures meeting customer needs and

expectations for the appropriate lighting application and leads to savings that are

more persistent. Meeting Energy Star's minimum requirements provides many

benefits to customers. Requiring a Lighting Facts label guarantees that the product

has been independently tested by a certified lab and all relevant and correct

information is written directly on the box, allowing easy implementation in residential

and commercial markets.




INTRODUCTION The A-19 incandescent lamp is a typical household lamp with a standard Edison screw base.

The "A" shaped lamp, shown in Figure 1, is most commonly used for its omni-directional

light characteristic in light fixtures such as table and floor lamps. These lamps offer a wide

range of wattages, 25 Watts (W) - 150 W, and a variety of lighting market segments use

them.

FIGURE 1. A-19 INCANDESCENT LAMP




BACKGROUND

EMERGING TECHNOLOGY/PRODUCT

The light emitting diode (LED) A-19 lamp, shown in Figure 2, is an omni-directional

lamp designed to replace an incandescent A-19 lamp. An LED is a semi-conductor

completely covered in epoxy and emits light when there is a proper amount of

current in the LED. Often used as an indicator light on everything from large

appliances to portable electronics, the small, low-output LED is a mature technology.

However, advances in LED technology have made them brighter and more efficient,

thereby expanding the application of LEDs to other markets. The operation of the

LED A-19 lamp is the same as that of the incandescent A-19 lamp from the

perspective of the end-user.

The LED A-19 lamp technology is claimed to last 50,000 hours and use up to 80%

less energy. Compared to incandescent lamps rated for 3,000 hours, LEDs have the

potential to last much longer, therefore saving on maintenance costs.

Some caution is needed when using LED technology. Not all LED lamps are dimmable

and intended for outdoor use. The cost of the LED A-19 lamps can be a barrier if the

lamps are not used long enough to take advantage of the energy savings that can

pay back the technology. Incandescent lamps cost up to $2 per lamp compared to an

LED A-19 lamp that costs anywhere from $18 - $95 per lamp.

FIGURE 2. LED A-19 LAMP




ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES This study analyzes the performance of the LED A-19 lamps as an alternate to

incandescent A-19 lamps of wattages up to 60 W and support SCE's incentive

program efforts for 2011 by evaluating:

Energy/demand savings over incumbent technology

Lighting system performance (Lumens, CCT, CRI, Power, PF)

Cost

Data from LightingFacts.com

Comparison results with Energy Star's LED A-19 lamp criteria

Energy Star’s requirements for integral lamps contain more criteria than what has

been evaluated in this assessment. This project compares short-term performance.

variables such as color and lumen maintenance are time-based measurements that

could not be done within the given timeframe. Further testing may be performed to

understand the long-term performance. There are other criteria as well that was not

tested due to the limitations of the laboratory.

SCE programs are primarily interested in variables contained in this assessment that

affect customer perception and acceptance to draw a conclusion on the potential

inclusion of this technology in the incentive programs.

The testing of the LED A-19 lamps in this report does not qualify any products.




TECHNOLOGY/PRODUCT EVALUATION This project evaluates 77 lamps. Twenty-one of those lamps were tested in the laboratory.

The remainder of the lamps' data was evaluated by importing their results from

LightingFacts.com. LightingFacts.com is a website sponsored by the U.S. Department of

Energy (DOE) that reports LED performance according to the industry standards. With the

evaluation being photometric and power comparisons, field evaluation was not necessary.

All measurements including but not limited to lumens (lm), correlated color temperature

(CCT), color-rendering index (CRI), power, etc., were all captured in the lab. The

assessment was performed by trained Design and Engineering Services (DES) staff qualified

to operate the integrating sphere according to the LM-79-08 standard as described in the

Lab Test Plan section of this report.




TECHNICAL APPROACH/TEST METHODOLOGY

LAB TESTING OF TECHNOLOGY The laboratory evaluation consists of the Integrating Sphere test that measures

photometric and power characteristics of the LED A-19 lamps. The LED A-19 lamp is

an integrated technology that includes the LED, driver, heat sink, and optics.

Testing was conducted at SCE's Lighting Technology Test Center (LTTC). Refer to

Appendix A in this report for additional information on this facility.

TEST PLAN

The integrating sphere testing was performed in accordance with the "Illuminating

Engineering Society (IES) Approved Method for the Electrical and Photometric

Measurements of Solid-State Lighting Products" (IES LM-79-08), excluding section

"2.2 Air Temperature”. LM-79-08 requires ambient air temperatures be maintained

at 25 centigrade (77° Fahrenheit (F)), plus or minus 1 centigrade, as measured 1

meter from the product and at the same height as the product. During testing,

ambient temperature was not maintained at 25 centigrade, but was monitored

throughout the test.

VARIABLES/METRICS

LIGHT OUTPUT

Light output is the measure of light a source provides, measured in lumens.

Lumen output data was obtained from the Integrating Sphere test discussed in

the Equipment section of this report.

COLOR RENDERING INDEX

Color rending index (CRI) is a quantitative measure that describes how well a

light source renders color compared to a reference light source of similar color

temperature. This index is scaled from 0 - 100.

The color quality, measured as CRI, affects visual perception. The CRI is directly

related to the colors or spectral characteristics that the lamp produces. CRI data

is obtained from the Integrating Sphere test discussed in the Lab Equipment

section.

CORRELATED COLOR TEMPERATURE

Correlated color temperature (CCT) indicates whether a white light source

appears more yellow/gold or blue, in terms of the range of available shades of

white. CCT is derived by a theoretical object and in physics is referred to as a

"black body," that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation. When heated to high

temperatures this object emits different colors of light based on the exact

temperature. Hence, the CCT of a light source is the temperature (in Kelvin (K))




at which the heated black body matches the color of the light source in

question. The "hotter" the temperature (higher Kelvin), the more blue in

appearance and the "cooler" the temperature (lower Kelvin), the more red in

appearance. CCT data is obtained from the Integrating Sphere test, discussed in

this report, and is compared to the manufacturers CCT ratings.

CONNECTED LOAD

Power requirements for all test cases are determined by measuring current and

voltage. Measurements for both are taken between the driver and power source

in order to understand alternate current (AC) power. This information is used to

understand demand (kilowatt (kW)) savings of the measure cases when

compared to the baseline cases.

EFFICACY

An important indication of overall lamp performance is efficacy. This value, in lumens

per Watt (lm/W), is a measure of light output over power input. A higher efficacy

lamp provides more lumens of light output per Watt than a lower one. Though LED

wattage may be lower than their fluorescent counterpart, it must do so while

providing the same amount of light. A lamp with a higher efficacy has the most

energy savings potential.

POWER FACTOR

Power factor refers to the efficiency of an electrical system expressed in a number

between 0 and 1 and is the ratio of the real power flowing from the load to the

apparent power in the circuit. A load with a low power factor draws more current

than a load with a high power factor for the same amount of useful power

transferred.

INSTRUMENTATION PLAN

Several pieces of equipment are used throughout this assessment and each piece is

described in the following sections. For additional information and technical

specifications, see Appendix B.

INTEGRATING SPHERE

The integrating sphere measures the total light output of a light source. This can

be a lamp or a complete luminaire. The tested light source is placed in the

center of the integrating sphere. At one side of the sphere is a light meter that

measures the light output from the light source. A baffle is directly between the

source and the light meter in order to prevent the meter from seeing any direct

light from the source. This equipment is used to measure the light output of a

light source, the CRI, and CCT. The temperature is regulated to approximately

77°F. Measurements are taken every 15 minutes until three consecutive

measurements are within 0.5% of each other.

The entire inside of the sphere (including the baffle and mounting for the lamps)

is coated with a highly reflective white paint that reflects all wavelengths

equally. This allows for accurate measurements. The calibrated power supply is

connected to the lamp wiring on the outside of the sphere. Readings from the




optical sensor are processed with the integrated software and displayed on the

monitor.

FIGURE 3. INTEGRATING SPHERE

HIOKI POWER QUALITY ANALYZER

Voltage (V root mean square (rms)), current (alternate (A)), power (W),

frequency (Hz), power factor (PF), and current THD (%) are measured with a

Hioki 3390 Power Quality Analyzer. Readings are logged every 10 seconds, and

manually monitored every 15 minutes for stability during the controlled

environment room testing.




RESULTS The laboratory data of 21 LED A-19 lamps and 56 LED A-19 lamps taken from

LightingFacts.com are shown in Table 1. The results display all the variables that will be

used to compare to the Energy Star’s Integral Lamps' minimum criteria. Each variable

(luminous flux, CCT, CRI, PF, and efficacy) is evaluated separately in the Evaluation section

of the report. The full results of all 77 LED A-19 lamps can be found in Appendix C of this

report.

TABLE 1. LABORATORY RESULTS

Item #

Luminous Flux (Lumens)

CCT

CRI

Power (W)

PF

Efficacy (lm/W)

1 339 3,161 65 6.1 0.46 56.0

2 87 3,062 83 2.4 0.86 35.9

3 335 2,623 80 6.8 0.69 49.2

4 247 3,090 85 5.4 0.50 46.2

5 338 2,927 84 7.3 0.62 46.2

6 386 2,963 87 7.7 0.92 50.2

7 336 3,141 61 6.6 0.77 51.1

8 208 2,840 83 5.8 0.63 35.8

9 358 3,167 83 5.8 0.58 62.2

10 306 3,016 82 6.7 0.78 45.5

11 200 2,733 68 7.5 0.57 26.7

12 337 2,946 86 5.2 0.83 64.8

13 135 3,035 66 3.6 0.53 37.6

14 300 2,612 82 8.8 0.97 34.3

15 348 3,018 80 7.5 0.94 46.5

16 315 2,615 87 7.4 0.77 42.4

17 359 3,209 61 9.5 0.55 37.7

18 531 2,743 81 9.6 0.93 55.5

19 329 5,558 73 5.5 0.95 59.9

20 142 2,909 82 3.7 0.54 38.0

21 191 2,771 83 5.1 0.56 37.8




EVALUATIONS

LUMEN OUTPUT The Energy Star criteria list the minimum light output that corresponds to the

nominal target wattage of the incandescent lamps. It ranges from 25 W to 150 W

with minimum light output of the LED lamp shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2. MINIMUM LIGHT OUTPUT

NOMINAL

WATTAGE OF

LAMP TO BE

REPLACED (W)

MINIMUM INITIAL

LIGHT OUTPUT OF

LED LAMP

(LUMENS)

25 200

35 325

40 450

60 800

75 1,100

100 1,600

125 2,000

150 2,600

Based on the results of the 77 lamps evaluated, the majority of the lamps fall in the

25 W - 40 W incandescent lamp target range. Figure 4 shows a plot of all the lamps

and the corresponding lumen output. The dashed lines represent the minimum

lumen output of the corresponding incandescent lamp wattage.




Lumen Output

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Item #

Lu

men

s

mininum 25 Watt (200 lm)

35 Watt (325 lm)

40 Watt (450 lm)

60 Watt (850 lm)

75 Watt (1,100 lm)

100Watt (1,600 lm)

FIGURE 4. LUMEN OUTPUT RESULTS

The minimum light output of an A-19 lamp is the output of the lowest available

incandescent lamp at 200 lm. Nothing below 200 lm qualifies under the Energy Star

criteria.

Table 3 shows the number of lamps that meet the minimum light output of its

incandescent counterpart. No LED A-19 lamps meet the light output of a 100 W

incandescent or greater.

TABLE 3. NUMBER OF LAMPS

NOMINAL WATTAGE (W)

LUMENS

NUMBER OF LED

A-19 LAMPS

Does Not Qualify <200 7

25 200 27

35 325 21

40 450 16

60 800 5

75 1,100 0

100 1,600 1

125 2,000 0

150 2,600 0




CORRELATED COLOR TEMPERATURE There are four nominal CCTs listed under Energy Star's Integral Lamps criteria as

shown in Table 4. The CCT is limited to a maximum of 4,260 K.

TABLE 4. CCT TARGETS

NOMINAL CCT (K) TARGET CCT (K) AND TOLERANCE

2,700 2,725 ±145

3,000 3,045 ±175

3,500 3,465 ±245

4,000 3,985 ±275

Figure 5 shows the CCTs of the lamps evaluated along with the nominal CCTs; the

range of tolerances is highlighted in the graph.

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)

25002600270028002900300031003200330034003500360037003800390040004100420043004400450046004700480049005000510052005300540055005600570058005900600061006200630064006500660067006800

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Item #

CC

T

2725+/-125

3045+/-175

3465+/-245

3985+/-275

Does Not Qualify

FIGURE 5. CCT RESULTS Zero lamps measured below the minimum CCT of 2,580 K, but 15 lamps measured

above 4,260 K, which does not qualify for Energy Star; these results are shown in

Table 5.





NOMINAL CCT (K)

TARGET CCT (K) AND

TOLERANCE NUMBER OF LED

A-19 LAMPS

2,700 2,725 ±145 22

3,000 3,045 ±175 34

3,500 3,465 ±245 5

4,000 3,985 ±275 1

Does not Qualify >4,260 15

Most of the lamps in this assessment were warm white in the range of 2,700 – 3,000

K which is expected since most incandescent A-19 lamps come in traditional 2,700 K

temperature. Energy Star limits the CCT for different types of LED lighting depending

on the application.

COLOR RENDERING INDEX The minimum CRI of 80 must be met in order to qualify for Energy Star. Figure 6

shows the plot of all lamps evaluated. The green dashed line represents the

minimum CRI.

Color Rendering Index (CRI)

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Item #

CR

I

80 CRI

FIGURE 6. CRI RESULTS




Compared to the almost perfect color rendering of the incandescent lamps at 99 CRI,

there are very few lamps that measured greater than 90 CRI. Until a new metric is

released to measure the color rendition accurately for LED technology, the CRI scale

will still be used to determine how well the light renders color. Table 6 shows the

number of lamps that either passed or failed the minimum 80 CRI criteria.


CRI

NUMBER OF LED

A-19 LAMPS

Does not Qualify 31

≥80 – Pass 46

POWER FACTOR For lamp power ≤5 W, a minimum PF is not required. For lamp power >5 W, the PF

must be ≥0.70 as shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7. MINIMUM PF

LAMP POWER (W) MINIMUM PF

≤5 Not Required

>5 ≥0.70

Figure 7 is a PF plot of all the lamps evaluated. Items that had ≤5 W lamp power are

not included in the graph since they do not require a minimum PF.

Power Factor (PF)

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Item #

PF PF >0.7

FIGURE 7. PF RESULTS




The data taken from LightingFacts.com did not have a PF rating for all of the lamps.

Out of the 49 results taken from LightingFacts.com that are >5 W, only 26 lamps

actually had PF ratings. All 21 lamps tested in the laboratory include PF ratings. With

the available information, Table 8 shows the number of LED lamps that pass the PF

criteria.

TABLE 8. NUMBER OF LED LAMPS

POWER FACTOR NUMBER OF LED

A-19 LAMPS

Does not Qualify 18

≥0.70 26

EFFICACY There are two efficacy requirements depending on the LED lamp power as shown in

Table 9.

TABLE 9. MINIMUM EFFICACY

LAMP POWER (W)

MINIMUM EFFICACY

(LM/W)

<10 50

≥10 55

Both Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the efficacy of the LED A-19 lamps with the

minimum marking as indicated by the dashed lines.




Efficacy (Item<10W)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Item #

Eff

icacy (

lm/W

)

50 lm/W

FIGURE 8. EFFICACY RESULTS OF ITEMS <10 W

Efficacy (>=10W)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

Item #

Eff

icacy (

lm/W

)

55 lm/W

FIGURE 9. EFFICACY RESULTS OF ITEMS ≥10 W




Out of 77 lamps evaluated, almost 50% did not meet the minimum efficacy

requirement; these results are shown in Table 10.

TABLE 10. NUMBER OF LED LAMPS

LAMP POWER (W) PASS FAIL

<10 34 33

≥10 8 2

Total 42 35

Although many of the LED A-19 lamps did not meet the minimum efficacy

requirements of 50 lm/W and 55 lm/W, the LED A-19 lamp is considerably more

efficient than the incandescent technology. The incandescent lamps' efficacy tested

in the laboratory range from 7.6 - 12.9 lm/W.

OVERALL RESULTS All of the 77 results evaluated from total lumen output to efficacy must meet the

minimum requirements in order for LED A-19 lamps to be qualified under the Energy

Star label. Table 11 lists the first 21 lamps tested and shows which items met all the

minimum requirements. The full results can be found in Appendix D of this report.




TABLE 11. PASS/FAIL

Item #

Luminous Flux

CCT

CRI

PF

Efficacy

Pass/Fail

1 Pass Pass Fail Fail Pass Fail

2 Fail Pass Pass Pass Fail Fail

3 Pass Pass Fail Fail Fail Fail

4 Pass Pass Pass Fail Fail Fail


6 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

7 Pass Pass Fail Pass Pass Fail


9 Pass Pass Pass Fail Pass Fail

10 Pass Pass Pass Pass Fail Fail



13 Fail Pass Fail Fail Fail Fail






19 Pass Fail Fail Pass Pass Fail

20 Fail Pass Pass Fail Fail Fail


Five LED A-19 lamps met all the minimum criteria as shown in Figure 10. Eight LED

A-19 lamps met all the minimum criteria with the exception of not having PF data. In

a conservative perspective, approximately 17% of the lamps met the Energy Star

criteria.




5

64

8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70N

um

ber

of

Lam

ps

Pass Fail Pass w/o PF Data

Overall Results

FIGURE 10. OVERALL RESULTS

Table 12 summarizes the variables evaluated for this assessment. Although the

variables independently show that more than 50% of the items met the minimum

requirements, only 7% met all the minimum requirements.

TABLE 12. SUMMARY OF RESULTS

CONDITION

LIGHT

OUTPUT

CCT

CRI

PF

EFFICACY

OVERALL

Pass 70

(91%) 62

(81%) 46

(60%) 27

(54%) 41

(53%)

5

(7%)

Fail 7 15 31 23 36 64

COST Although costs may fluctuate depending on the manufacturer, design of the lamp,

and where it was manufactured, no correlation could be found to the performance of

the lamps. The 21 lamps tested in the laboratory were all purchased online and the

cost data is available for each. All data imported from LightingFacts.com did not list

the cost of the lamps. The model numbers were searched and only 5 of the 56 lamps

from LightingFacts.com had cost available.

With the available cost data mapped to the equivalent incandescent lamp wattages,

it can be seen that cost does not incrementally increase as the wattages increase as

shown in Table 13. As an interim solution, the cost of 60 W and 100 W equivalent

LED lamps will use the higher of the available costs for simple payback calculations.




TABLE 13. AVERAGE COST OF LED A-19 LAMPS

INCANDESCENT

POWER (W)

LED POWER

(W)

AVERAGE COST

OF LED A-19

LAMPS

25 6 $43.66

35 7 $35.54

40 8.7 $78.98

60 13 $78.98*

100 21.8 $78.98*

*COST OF THE 8.7 W LED WAS USED

ENERGY SAVINGS For the energy savings analysis, the lumen output of the LED A-19 lamps were

mapped to the incandescent lamp's minimum light output. All of the LED items that

fell into a certain incandescent wattage were averaged to a single value and were

used to calculate the energy savings shown in Table 14.

TABLE 14. LED AVERAGE WATTS AND PERCENT SAVINGS

INCANDESCENT

WATTAGE (W)

LED AVERAGE

(W)

PERCENT SAVINGS

(%)

25 6.0 76

35 7.0 80

40 8.7 78

60 13.0 78

100 21.8 78

Using Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER) 20082 operating hour data

and interactive effects, energy savings was calculated for all available building types

as shown in Table 15. The full list of energy savings and demand reductions can be

found in Appendix E of this report.

TABLE 15. ENERGY SAVINGS AND PEAK DEMAND REDUCTIONS

MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY SAVINGS PER

LAMP KILOWATT HOUR

(KWH)

PEAK DEMAND

REDUCTION PER LAMP

(KW)

25 W Incandescent to 6 W LED

Agricultural 74.12 0.01353



40 W Incandescent to 8.7 W LED






25 W Incandescent Assembly 70.54 0.01218




MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY SAVINGS PER

LAMP KILOWATT HOUR

(KWH)

PEAK DEMAND

REDUCTION PER LAMP

(KW)

to 6 W LED


Assembly 103.95 0.01796


Assembly 116.20 0.02007


Assembly 174.48 0.03014


Assembly 290.31 0.05015


Residential Single Family 16.48 0.00220










Residential Multi-family 16.48 0.00220









*All savings use Climate Zone 6 Interactive Effects.

This study reveals that LED lighting saves up to 80% in energy. Although LED

lighting saves up to 80% of energy, it can save as little as 16 kWh/yr with 0.00220

kW peak demand reduction in a residential sector that has 795 operating hours per

year. For health/medical building types with 7,884 operating hours, LED technology

can save up to 746 kWh/yr with a 0.08464 kW peak demand reduction per lamp.




PAYBACK Using the kWh savings in Table 15 and 15 cents per kWh, a simple payback is

calculated as shown in Table 16. A full list of paybacks can be found in Appendix E of

this report.

TABLE 16. SIMPLE PAYBACK

MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY

SAVINGS

(KWH)

$ SAVED

PER

YEAR

PER

LAMP

AVERAGE

COST

PER

LAMP

SIMPLE

PAYBACK

(YEARS)


Agricultural 74.12 $11.12 $43.66 3.9


Agricultural 109.23 $16.38 $35.54 2.2


Agricultural 122.10 $18.32 $78.98 4.3


Agricultural 183.35 $27.50 $78.98 2.9


Agricultural 305.06 $45.76 $78.98 1.7


Residential Single Family 16.48 $2.47 $43.66 17.7










Residential Multi-family 16.48 $2.47 $43.66 17.7









The savings can payback in less than 1 year for 7,884 operating hours at lodging and

health/medical sectors, but can also take as long as 19 years. The residential sector

suffers the most from payback since DEER operating hours are listed at 795.




CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The use of LED lighting sources for indoor common area lighting has great potential for

saving energy. All of the LED A-19 lamps evaluated are more efficacious than the

incandescent A-19 lamps. There are minor differences in shape, color rendition, and color

temperature compared to the incandescent lamps. From the end-user perspective, the clear

difference between the technologies is the energy savings of up to 80%. Target sectors with

very long operating hours will benefit the most from the 746 kWh/yr savings that LED

technology potentially offers. This can result in a simple payback of less than 1 year for

commercial sectors, and proves otherwise for residential sectors due to their short operating

hours.

LED A-19 lamps available in the market come in a broad range of light output that is able to

replace incandescent lamps that are between 25 W and 100 W. Although there are lamps

that can replace a typical 60 W household lamp and greater, there are not many of those

lamps available. Most lamps evaluated are in the 25 W - 40 W equivalent range and may

not fit very well with the market's needs and expectations. Out of 77 evaluated lamps, only

four were equivalent to 60 W and one equivalent to 100 W.

The CCTs measured are well within the boundary of what Energy Star requires with the

exception of lamps that rate for a higher Kelvin temperature. The minimum CRI of 80 is

reasonable for quality lighting. Sixty percent of the lamps evaluated meet the minimum CRI

and some lamps miss the threshold by about 1 – 4 CRI.

There are physical variations and precautions that need to be considered when choosing

LED A-19 lamps. For instance, using a non-dimmable LED in a dimming circuit may damage

the lamp. LEDs are sensitive to heat and should not be used in enclosed fixtures where

there is no air circulation. Additionally, some LED A-19 lamps may not be a standard size

that can fit into an existing fixture. Energy Star qualified products require standard overall

length and diameter as set by ANSI C78.20-2003 and require the product label to identify

dimmable lamps.

It is recommended that any EE incentive program be based on meeting Energy Star's

minimum requirements since it is beneficial to customers. Requiring a Lighting Facts label

guarantees that a certified lab has tested the product and correction information appears on

the box. Not many lamps currently on the market meet Energy Star's criteria, but market

availability should increase. Based on the current data gathered for this project, the LED A-

19 lamps can be a viable technology for an incentive program.




APPENDIX A – TECHNOLOGY TEST CENTERS

LOCATION All laboratory tests referenced in this report were conducted at SCE's Technology

Test Centers (TTC) in Irwindale, California.

LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY TEST CENTER

Integrating sphere testing was conducted at the LTTC. In partnership with the

California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC) in Davis, California, LTTC's mission is to

foster the application of EE lighting and day-lighting technologies, in cooperation with

the lighting industry, lighting professionals, and the design-engineering community.

Unique lighting and day-lighting test equipment, EE lighting displays, a model

kitchen, and flexible black-out test areas enable the evaluation and demonstration of

various lighting technologies and applications.




APPENDIX B – EQUIPMENT The following table highlights the equipment used in the testing of the LED lighting

discussed in this report.

TABLE 17. LED FIELD TEST EQUIPMENT

MANUFACTURER MODEL CALIBRATION DESCRIPTION USED FOR SPECIFICATIONS

Labsphere SLMS

LED 7650

Monthly Spectral light

measurement system (integrating sphere)

Luminous flux, CCT, CRI

Sphere-spectroradiometer

method, 76" diameter, 4 pi geometry, 350 - 850 nanometer (nm) spectroradiometer bandwidth, auxiliary compensation.

Hioki 3390 11/11/10

Power quality analyzer

AC-side electrical

logging, voltage, current, power, frequency, power factor, current THD

RMS voltage +/-0.2% AC, Frequency +/-10 megahertz

(mHz), +/- 1 digit from the calculation, more specifications at www.hioki.com




APPENDIX C – LED A-19 LAMP RESULTS

Item #

Luminous Flux

CCT

CRI

Power (W)

PF

Efficacy

1 339 3,161 65 6.1 0.46 56.0

2 87 3,062 83 2.4 0.86 35.9

3 335 2,623 80 6.8 0.69 49.2

4 247 3,090 85 5.4 0.50 46.2

5 338 2,927 84 7.3 0.62 46.2

6 386 2,963 87 7.7 0.92 50.2

7 336 3,141 61 6.6 0.77 51.1

8 208 2,840 83 5.8 0.63 35.8

9 358 3,167 83 5.8 0.58 62.2

10 306 3,016 82 6.7 0.78 45.5

11 200 2,733 68 7.5 0.57 26.7

12 337 2,946 86 5.2 0.83 64.8

13 135 3,035 66 3.6 0.53 37.6

14 300 2,612 82 8.8 0.97 34.3

15 348 3,018 80 7.5 0.94 46.5

16 315 2,615 87 7.4 0.77 42.4

17 359 3,209 61 9.5 0.55 37.7

18 531 2,743 81 9.6 0.93 55.5

19 329 5,558 73 5.5 0.95 59.9

20 142 2,909 82 3.7 0.54 38.0

21 191 2,771 83 5.1 0.56 37.8

22 136 2,700 90 3.0 NA 45.3

23 339 6,258 73 6.5 0.84 52.2

24 258 3,174 80 6.6 0.83 39.1

25 334 2,944 87 6.4 0.53 52.5

26 250 2,700 91 5.0 NA 50.0

27 240 2,700 82 7.0 NA 34.3

28 470 2,700 91 9.0 NA 52.22

29 240 3,000 84 5.0 NA 48.0

30 800 2,700 80 12.5 NA 64.0

31 450 2,700 80 8.0 NA 56.3

32 185 3,000 86 7.0 NA 26.4

33 401 5,756 64 6.7 NA 59.9

34 252 3,101 84 6.8 NA 37.1

35 211 2,757 83 5.3 NA 40.2

http://www.ledwaves.com/A-19-LED-Light-Bulb-E26-5-Watt-p-19785.html

http://www.theledlight.com/A19-led-bulb.html

http://www.amazon.com/Diogen-63744-DCMA26300-13M-Line-Light/dp/B0039KW0CY

http://www.amazon.com/Pharox-III-DIMMABLE-Watt-Light/dp/B002BZTG4I/ref=sr_1_6?s=hi&ie=UTF8&qid=1285948344&sr=1-6

http://www.amazon.com/GEOBulb-Crane-GB2083ATF-Bulb-White/dp/B0021L9CBE/ref=sr_1_7?s=hi&ie=UTF8&qid=1285948344&sr=1-7

http://www.greenlightingsupply.com/EnhanceLite_Dimbable_LED_Retrofit_A19_Lamp_p/led-a19-60-1id-i.htm

http://www.environmentallights.com/products/13307/Pharox-300-3000K

http://www.environmentallights.com/products/13295/A19-8WW-LED

http://www.eaglelight.com/product/G20-E27-7W5/50W-Light-Bulb-Replacement---7-Watt-Globe-LED-110VAC-120VAC.html

http://www.ledwaves.com/A-19-LED-Light-Bulb-E26-5-Watt-p-19785.html

http://www.amazon.com/Diogen-63744-DCMA26300-13M-Line-Light/dp/B0039KW0CY

http://www.amazon.com/Pharox-III-DIMMABLE-Watt-Light/dp/B002BZTG4I/ref=sr_1_6?s=hi&ie=UTF8&qid=1285948344&sr=1-6




Item #

Luminous Flux

CCT

CRI

Power (W)

PF

Efficacy

36 300 3,000 79 4.5 NA 66.7

37 530 5,000 78 7.0 NA 75.7

38 460 3,000 79 7.0 NA 65.7

39 292 5,682 66 5.5 0.96 53.1

40 290 3,430 59 5.6 0.96 52.0

41 669 5,692 74 9.6 0.91 69.4

42 690 3,574 60 11.2 0.91 61.8

43 800 2,700 80 12.5 NA 64.0

44 325 2,700 80 7.0 NA 46.4

45 450 2,700 80 8.0 NA 56.3

46 685 3,227 56 10.5 NA 65.2

47 390 4,052 68 6.6 NA 59.5

48 248 4,800 85 7.0 0.99 35.4

49 401 5,756 64 6.7 NA 59.9

50 280 2,700 84 5.8 NA 48.3

51 290 3,500 84 5.8 NA 50.0

52 310 5,000 85 5.8 NA 53.4

53 248 5,000 87 6.0 NA 41.3

54 496 2,904 86 13.9 0.97 35.7

55 496 2,916 82 10.8 0.94 45.9

56 256 3,041 80 5.3 0.92 48.3

57 290 3,013 80 6.9 0.98 42.0

58 310 5,000 72 4.0 0.48 77.5

59 300 2,900 79 4.0 0.48 75.0

60 535 5,000 78 6.0 0.52 89.2

61 465 2,900 79 6.0 0.52 77.5

62 324 4,569 73 6.5 0.69 50.2

63 258 2,827 76 6.4 0.69 40.6

64 166 2,966 83 3.4 0.44 48.8

65 537 6,103 77 9.9 0.98 54.2

66 1735 6,550 78 21.8 0.63 79.6

67 508 3,065 66 5.9 0.53 86.1

68 461 3,400 71 6.8 0.63 67.8

69 926 3,063 71 16.1 0.59 57.5

70 810 2,700 90 12.0 0.97 67.5

71 810 2,700 90 12.0 0.97 67.5

72 390 2,700 85 8.0 0.95 48.8

73 350 3,000 82 8.0 0.94 43.8

74 350 3,000 82 8.0 NA 43.8

http://www.amazon.com/GEOBulb-Crane-GB2083ATF-Bulb-White/dp/B0021L9CBE/ref=sr_1_7?s=hi&ie=UTF8&qid=1285948344&sr=1-7




Item #

Luminous Flux

CCT

CRI

Power (W)

PF

Efficacy

75 430 3,000 85 8.0 NA 53.8

76 320 3,000 80 7.0 NA 45.7

77 334 3,133 76 7.7 0.80 43.4




APPENDIX D – OVERALL RESULTS

Item # Luminous Flux

CCT

CRI

PF

Efficacy

Pass/Fail


2 Fail Pass Pass Pass Fail Fail











13 Fail Pass Fail Fail Fail Fail









22 Fail Pass Pass NA Fail Fail




26 Pass Pass Pass NA Pass Pass (No PF)

27 Pass Pass Pass NA Fail Fail





32 Fail Pass Pass NA Fail Fail

33 Pass Fail Fail NA Pass Fail







CCT

CRI

PF

Efficacy

Pass/Fail

36 Pass Pass Fail NA Pass Fail












48 Pass Fail Pass Pass Fail Fail




52 Pass Fail Pass NA Pass Fail

53 Pass Fail Pass NA Fail Fail





58 Pass Fail Fail Fail Pass Fail





















CCT

CRI

PF

Efficacy

Pass/Fail

75 Pass Pass Pass NA Pass Pass (no PF)


77 Pass Pass Fail Pass Fail Fail




APPENDIX E – ENERGY SAVINGS, PEAK DEMAND

REDUCTION, COST, PAYBACK

MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY

SAVINGS

(KWH)

PEAK

DEMAND

REDUCTION

(KW)

$ SAVED

PER

YEAR

PER

LAMP

AVERAGE

COST

PER

LAMP

PAYBACK

IN YEARS


Agricultural 74.12 0.01353 $11.12 $43.66 3.9


Agricultural 109.23 0.01993 $16.38 $35.54 2.2


Agricultural 122.10 0.02228 $18.32 $78.98 4.3


Agricultural 183.35 0.03346 $27.50 $78.98 2.9


Agricultural 305.06 0.05567 $45.76 $78.98 1.7


Assembly 70.54 0.01218 $10.58 $43.66 4.1


Assembly 103.95 0.01796 $15.59 $35.54 2.3


Assembly 116.20 0.02007 $17.43 $78.98 4.5


Assembly 174.48 0.03014 $26.17 $78.98 3.0


Assembly 290.31 0.05015 $43.55 $78.98 1.8


Education - Primary School 55.28 0.00515 $8.29 $43.66 5.3










Education - Secondary School

55.28 0.00588 $8.29 $43.66 5.3



81.47 0.00867 $12.22 $35.54 2.9



91.07 0.00969 $13.66 $78.98 5.8



136.75 0.01455 $20.51 $78.98 3.9




MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY

SAVINGS

(KWH)

PEAK

DEMAND

REDUCTION

(KW)

$ SAVED

PER

YEAR

PER

LAMP

AVERAGE

COST

PER

LAMP

PAYBACK

IN YEARS



227.53 0.02421 $34.13 $78.98 2.3


Education - Relocatable Classroom

84.41 0.00481 $12.66 $43.66 3.4



124.40 0.00708 $18.66 $35.54 1.9



139.06 0.00792 $20.86 $78.98 3.8



208.81 0.01189 $31.32 $78.98 2.5



347.42 0.01978 $52.11 $78.98 1.5


Education - Community College

66.08 0.01252 $9.91 $43.66 4.4



97.39 0.01845 $14.61 $35.54 2.4



108.87 0.02062 $16.33 $78.98 4.8



163.47 0.03096 $24.52 $78.98 3.2

70 W Incandescent to 21.8 Watt LED


271.99 0.05152 $40.80 $78.98 1.9


Education - University 66.54 0.01252 $9.98 $43.66 4.4










Grocery 100.92 0.01586 $15.14 $43.66 2.9


Grocery 148.72 0.02338 $22.31 $35.54 1.6


Grocery 166.25 0.02613 $24.94 $78.98 3.2


Grocery 249.64 0.03924 $37.45 $78.98 2.1


Grocery 415.36 0.06529 $62.30 $78.98 1.3


Food Store 100.92 0.01586 $15.14 $43.66 2.9


Food Store 148.72 0.02338 $22.31 $35.54 1.6




MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY

SAVINGS

(KWH)

PEAK

DEMAND

REDUCTION

(KW)

$ SAVED

PER

YEAR

PER

LAMP

AVERAGE

COST

PER

LAMP

PAYBACK

IN YEARS


Food Store 166.25 0.02613 $24.94 $78.98 3.2

60 W Incandescent to 13 Watt LED

Food Store 249.64 0.03924 $37.45 $78.98 2.1

70 W Incandescent to 21.8 Watt LED

Food Store 415.36 0.06529 $62.30 $78.98 1.3


Health/Medical - Hospital 123.55 0.01782 $18.53 $43.66 2.4










Health/Medical - Nursing Home

181.25 0.01667 $27.19 $43.66 1.6



267.11 0.02456 $40.07 $35.54 0.9



298.59 0.02746 $44.79 $78.98 1.8



448.36 0.04123 $67.25 $78.98 1.2



746.00 0.06860 $111.90 $78.98 0.7


Health/Medical - Clinic 181.25 0.01667 $27.19 $43.66 1.6










Lodging - Hotel 179.76 0.00588 $26.96 $43.66 1.6


Lodging - Hotel 264.90 0.00867 $39.74 $35.54 0.9


Lodging - Hotel 296.12 0.00969 $44.42 $78.98 1.8


Lodging - Hotel 444.66 0.01455 $66.70 $78.98 1.2


Lodging - Hotel 739.83 0.02421 $110.98 $78.98 0.7




MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY

SAVINGS

(KWH)

PEAK

DEMAND

REDUCTION

(KW)

$ SAVED

PER

YEAR

PER

LAMP

AVERAGE

COST

PER

LAMP

PAYBACK

IN YEARS


Lodging - Guest Rooms 17.31 0.01451 $2.60 $43.66 16.8










Lodging - Motel 168.99 0.00426 $25.35 $43.66 1.7


Lodging - Motel 249.03 0.00628 $37.36 $35.54 1.0


Lodging - Motel 278.38 0.00702 $41.76 $78.98 1.9


Lodging - Motel 418.02 0.01055 $62.70 $78.98 1.3


Lodging - Motel 695.52 0.01755 $104.33 $78.98 0.8


Manufacturing - Bio/Tech 163.78 0.02019 $24.57 $43.66 1.8










Manufacturing - Light Industrial

71.84 0.02028 $10.78 $43.66 4.1



105.87 0.02988 $15.88 $35.54 2.2



118.35 0.03340 $17.75 $78.98 4.4



177.71 0.05016 $26.66 $78.98 3.0



295.68 0.08346 $44.35 $78.98 1.8


Industrial 76.86 0.02028 $11.53 $43.66 3.8


Industrial 113.27 0.02988 $16.99 $35.54 2.1


Industrial 126.62 0.03340 $18.99 $78.98 4.2




MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY

SAVINGS

(KWH)

PEAK

DEMAND

REDUCTION

(KW)

$ SAVED

PER

YEAR

PER

LAMP

AVERAGE

COST

PER

LAMP

PAYBACK

IN YEARS


Industrial 190.14 0.05016 $28.52 $78.98 2.8


Industrial 316.35 0.08346 $47.45 $78.98 1.7


Misc - Commercial 74.12 0.01353 $11.12 $43.66 3.9


Misc - Commercial 109.23 0.01993 $16.38 $35.54 2.2


Misc - Commercial 122.10 0.02228 $18.32 $78.98 4.3


Misc - Commercial 183.35 0.03346 $27.50 $78.98 2.9


Misc - Commercial 305.06 0.05567 $45.76 $78.98 1.7


Office - Large 57.29 0.01544 $8.59 $43.66 5.1


Office - Large 84.42 0.02276 $12.66 $35.54 2.8


Office - Large 94.37 0.02544 $14.16 $78.98 5.6


Office - Large 141.71 0.03820 $21.26 $78.98 3.7


Office - Large 235.78 0.06355 $35.37 $78.98 2.2


Office - Small 59.64 0.01652 $8.95 $43.66 4.9


Office - Small 87.88 0.02434 $13.18 $35.54 2.7


Office - Small 98.24 0.02721 $14.74 $78.98 5.4


Office - Small 147.52 0.04086 $22.13 $78.98 3.6


Office - Small 245.45 0.06799 $36.82 $78.98 2.1

25 W Incandescent to 6 Watt LED

Restaurant - Fast-Food 105.05 0.01839 $15.76 $43.66 2.8










Restaurant - Sit-Down 106.59 0.01870 $15.99 $43.66 2.7




MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY

SAVINGS

(KWH)

PEAK

DEMAND

REDUCTION

(KW)

$ SAVED

PER

YEAR

PER

LAMP

AVERAGE

COST

PER

LAMP

PAYBACK

IN YEARS










Retail - Multistory Large 78.83 0.01848 $11.82 $43.66 3.7










Retail - Single-Story Large 98.17 0.01954 $14.72 $43.66 3.0










Retail - Small 75.73 0.02057 $11.36 $43.66 3.8


Retail - Small 111.61 0.03031 $16.74 $35.54 2.1


Retail - Small 124.76 0.03388 $18.71 $78.98 4.2


Retail - Small 187.34 0.05087 $28.10 $78.98 2.8


Retail - Small 311.71 0.08464 $46.76 $78.98 1.7


Storage - Conditioned 71.26 0.01623 $10.69 $43.66 4.1










MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY

SAVINGS

(KWH)

PEAK

DEMAND

REDUCTION

(KW)

$ SAVED

PER

YEAR

PER

LAMP

AVERAGE

COST

PER

LAMP

PAYBACK

IN YEARS




Storage - Unconditioned 65.38 0.01330 $9.81 $43.66 4.5










Transportation - Communication - Utilities

74.12 0.01353 $11.12 $43.66 3.9



109.23 0.01993 $16.38 $35.54 2.2



122.10 0.02228 $18.32 $78.98 4.3



183.35 0.03346 $27.50 $78.98 2.9



305.06 0.05567 $45.76 $78.98 1.7


Warehouse - Refrigerated 99.78 0.01623 $14.97 $43.66 2.9










Residential Single Family 16.48 0.00220 $2.47 $43.66 17.7










Residential Multi-family 16.48 0.00220 $2.47 $43.66 17.7






MEASURE NAME

BUILDING TYPE

ENERGY

SAVINGS

(KWH)

PEAK

DEMAND

REDUCTION

(KW)

$ SAVED

PER

YEAR

PER

LAMP

AVERAGE

COST

PER

LAMP

PAYBACK

IN YEARS








Residential Mobile Home - Double-Wide

16.48 0.00220 $2.47 $43.66 17.7



24.28 0.00325 $3.64 $35.54 9.8



27.15 0.00363 $4.07 $78.98 19.4



40.76 0.00545 $6.11 $78.98 12.9



67.82 0.00907 $10.17 $78.98 7.8

Error! No text of specified style in document. ET10SCE1290



REFERENCES

i http://www.lightingfacts.com/

2 http://deeresources.com/

Date post:	20-Jun-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	0 times
Download:	0 times

LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED) LAMPS - ETCC...The light emitting diode (LED) A-19 lamp, shown in Figure...

Documents