Light Emitting Plasma Lighting ( LEP ) Solutions … · Light Emitting Plasma Lighting ( LEP )...

Light Emitting Plasma Lighting

( LEP )

Solutions Manual

November 2014

Index1. Technology Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2

3. Product Spec Sheet

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Key Bene�ts 2

Bulb Thermodynamics and Lifetime Considerations 4

Environmental Condition 6

DVT/HALT Summary 7

Lumens/CCT Versus Orientation 9

Lumens/CCT Versus Power 10

Lumens/CCT Versus Temperature

Electrical Pro�le Ignition and Wam-Up

11

12

Start Time Versus Temperature 13

MTBF Summary 14

MTBF Study Details 15

Accelerated Testing 16

Notes on Lumens Maintenance and CCT Change 17

Lumen Maintenance 18

CCT Change 18

Field Trial Data 19

UV and IR Performance 20

Compliance & Performance Testing 21

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

LEP System Glossary 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. STA-41-01 Technical Data and Reliability Guide

R400 Roadway Lighting

BLP1000 High Mast Lighting

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .How LEP Technology Works 3

6

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24

4. Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

International Shipping Port Upgrades to LEP

Ford Dealership Showroom Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

26

LEP Replaces Fluorescent Lighting on Manufacturing Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

LEP Illuminates High School Gymnasium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

LEP Parking Lot Lighting in Silicon Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

LEP Roadway Lighting in Guangdong, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

600 Indiana Street Lights Upgraded to LEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

LEP Chosen To Light New Steel Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Gymnasium Lighting in Oakland, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

1

AMKO SOLARA LEP

At AMKO SOLARA we use advanced lighting technology at the core of every luminaire to provide superior lighting

performance in a highly e�cient, intelligent, and durable design. Some technology highlights include:

Light Emitting Plasma (LEP) - Plasma is a high-intensity light source that shares the same bene�ts as LED, like longevity

and reliability, but has a much greater lumen density (up to 200x greater) and can distribute light evenly across wide

areas. LEP uses a solid-state driver and a responsive emitter con�guration to provide advanced dimming capabilities

through digital or analog control. Our LEP luminaires deliver energy savings while providing an improved quality of light

for enhanced visibility, safety and security. LEP is best used for high illuminance applications at heights above 25 feet. See

our LEP FAQ for additional information.

Improved Color Recognition - Our LEP series o�ers a full spectrum light source and delivers better color recognition than

competing HID products which translates into brighter colors and a warmer, more inviting work environment.

Key Bene�ts

High Mast Lighting‧Energy Savings: LEP luminaires scale to high lumen output needed for high mast lighting without sacri�cing

e�ciency and lifetime as LED and HID sources do. LEP saves up to 75% energy while producing equivalent visibility.

‧Long Life: LEP sources last 3-5 times longer than HPS sources, reducing costly maintenance at poles as high as 100ft in

the air. LEP luminaires provide tremendous maintenance savings as well as mission-critical reliability for ports, airports,

and industrial yards.

‧Light Quality: The full color spectrum provides a greater than 2x advantage over HPS in nighttime visibility.

Roadway Lighting‧Cost of Ownership: LEP's luminaire e�ciency and 50,000-hour lifetime combine to o�er the lowest cost of ownership

for roadway lighting when compared to 250W or higher HPS systems.

‧High Lumens Package: Even more cost e�ective as you scale to higher light levels without sacri�cing energy

e�ciency or increasing the weight of the luminaire.

‧Light Distribution: Maximize pole spacing and achieve uniform illumination and luminance distributions using optics

tailored to LEP's single point source.

2

APPLICATION / BRIEF

How LEP Technology Works LEP light sources create a light-emitting plasma by coupling RF (radio-frequency) energy into an electrode-less quartz lamp� The RF energy is created and amplified by an RF circuit that is driven by a Solid-State Power Amplifier� The following three

steps outline the process of light generation in all LEP systems:

Step 1:

An RF circuit is established by connecting an RF power

amplifier to a ceramic resonant cavity known as the “puck”�

In the center of the puck is a sealed quartz lamp that

contains materials consistent with metal-halide lamps�

Step 2:

The puck, driven by the power amplifier, creates a standing wave confined

within its walls� The electric field is strongest at the center of the lamp which

ionizes the gasses inside the lamp (purple glow)�

Step 3:

The ionized gas in turn heats up and evaporates the metal-halide

materials which form a bright plasma column within the lamp (blue to

bright white light)� This plasma column is centered within the quartz

envelope and radiates light very efficiently� In the back side of the lamp,

a highly reflective powder is used to reflect nearly all of this light in the

forward direction�

Resonant

Cavity or

“Puck”

Power Amplifier

Input

Probe

Lamp

Feedback

Probe

3

Bulb Thermodynamics and Lifetime ConsiderationsThe LEP emitter design aims to maintain an optimal thermodynamic power balance that enables the highest

plasma output while keeping the lamp wall under a safe operating temperature� The total RF power into

the emitter, P in, is balanced with the radiated optical power, P radiated, and conducted heat by the puck, P

conducted� The lamp chemistry or fill and the geometry are the main parameters used to optimize luminous

flux while keeping the lamp wall temperature below 1100 Kelvin or 827 Celsius� A halide pool gathers at

the coldest spot of the lamp replenishing the plasma through a reversible phase change process during its

entire lifetime�

At the designed vapor pressures and quartz temperatures, devitrification and wall whitening processes

are rare resulting in a long-lasting lamp� A properly designed lamp operating at its specified environment

eliminates catastrophic lamp failures� It should be noted that the LEP lamp does not contain metal

electrodes as a typical HID lamp� Electrodes are the primary cause of failure in such systems where electrode

wear-out, wall darkening from sputtered electrodes, and cracking of quartz-metal seal are common� LEP

emitters do not display any of these failure modes� It is also worth noting that a significant amount of

energy (>20%) in HID lamps are wasted in heating electrodes where this energy is used to create light in a

LEP system� Therefore, the LEP emitter is inherently much more robust and efficient compared to traditional

HID lamp systems�

At steady state, the gases (Ar, Hg, metal halides)

are in local thermodynamic equilibrium�

P inHalide pool(cold spot)

P radiated

P conducted

<1100 Kelvin

6000

K

4

LEP System Glossary

Emitter Assembly

Mechanical assembly containing a ceramic resonator and a quartz lamp. Ceramic

resonator channels the RF (radio-frequency) energy into the lamp resulting in a

powerful light emitting plasma. The lamp contains halides needed to generate

the plasma.

RF Driver

device to convert electrical energy into RF power. The

. The

RF driver also contains controls circuit for digital and

analog lighting controls.

LEP System

System consisting of an emitter assembly and RF driver

connected by an RF cable.

Power Supply

Component that converts AC power into DC power. LEP

system requires a 28 volt DC input.

Fixture

The end lighting system that contains the LEP system,

light shaping components, power supply, and heat

sinks.

LampCeramic Resonator

STA-41-01

RF Driver

Power Supply

Emitter Assembly

5

Environmental ConditionThe lamp performance is stated for the following environmental conditions:

• At ambient temperatures higher than 45 C, the driver temperature can exceed its recommended limits which will impact its long term reliability� In order to operate for long periods of time at elevated ambient temperatures, the LEP driver must be heat sunk more thoroughly and its base temperature validated at the elevated temperatures� The RF cable is rated for up to 105 C temperature surrounding and therefore should not exceed this limit if operating in higher ambient temperatures�

• At ambient temperatures lower than -40 C, start time becomes longer and can exceed the specification for the system� Though there is no specific impact on lifetime or reliability at cold temperatures, the lamp may experience difficulty in igniting or warming up to full brightness in the allotted time� See page 13 for the impact of ambient temperature on start up times�

• The bare LEP system outside of a light fixture is not IP rated� The fixture should be designed such that water and moisture are kept out of the lamp area as much as possible� Standard sealing principles for outdoor fixtures apply to LEP fixtures� Please refer to the LEP Fixture Design Guide for further information�

MIN MAX UNITS

Operating Temperature -40 45 Celsius

Storage Temperature -40 100 Celsius

Humidity 5% to 95% RH, Non Condensing

Operating Altitude 12,000 Feet

Transportation Altitude 36,000 Feet

6

DVT/HALT SummaryThe following Design Verification Test (DVT) of LEP STA-40 lamps was performed in accordance

with mil and ETSI (telecommunications) standards for outdoor products to simulate extreme

environmental and mechanical conditions� The tests, unless otherwise stated, were done to the

bare lamp system and not in a light fixture� Some of the indicated testing were performed in a

mock up fixture that prevents direct moisture from forming on the lamp�

The lamps also were subjected to Highly Accelerated Life Testing (HALT) by

increasing stress levels to induce failures in order to identify the weak points in the

design� The lamp systems were subjected to increasing temperature, vibration,

and power stresses while operating� The reported values are the limits where the

lamp operated without any damage�

TEST CONDITIONS CYCLES RESULTS

Temperature Cycling -40º C to +70º C 30 min� intervals – x10 No Failures

Constant Temperature* w/ Humidity

+70º C @ 90% RH 3 days No Failures

Random Vibration 10 Hz @ 0�015 g2 /Hz

40 Hz @ 0�015 g2 /Hz

500 Hz @ 0�00015 g2 /Hz

Overall: 1�04 g (rms)

60 min�/axis

Transverse & Vertical Axis

No Failures

Moisture Intrusion* (Temperature Humidity)

+30º C & +60º C 12 hr� intervals – x6 No Failures

Non-Operational

7


Temperature Cycling -45° C to +60° C 11 hr� intervals – x2 No Failures

Constant Temperature* w/ Humidity

+40° C @90% RH 4 days No Failures

Sine Sweep Vibration 5 Hz – 62 Hz @ 5 mm/s

62 Hz – 200 Hz @ 2 m2/s3

Total: 2 m2/s3

60 min�/Axis

Symmetric (round) Emitter, thus, X = Y Axis

X & Z Axis

No Failures

Random Vibration 5 Hz – 10 Hz @ +12 dB

10 Hz – 50 Hz @ 0�02 m2/ s3

50 Hz – 100 Hz @ -12 dB

Overall: 1�063 m/s2 (rms)

30 min�/Axis


X & Z Axis

No Failures

Shock (Bump) Half Sine Wave: 25 g 6 ms intervals – x1000/Axis


+X – x1000, -X – x1000

+Z – x1000, -Z – x1000

No Failures

Salt Fog* +98° F in a Salt Fog of 5% NaCl (specific gravity: 1�035 & pH of 7�0)

4 days total exposure

2 days with one unit cycling 1 hr� on, then 30 min� off

Other 2 days, unit off

No Failures


Temperature Extremes w/ Varying DC Voltages

-75° C to +55° C

23V DC to 32V DC @ -75° C, -20° C & +45° C

4 hr� interval total No Failures

Temperature Extremes* Cycling

-40° C to +60° C 108 min� intervals – x8 (15° C/min� gradients)

No Failures

Random Vibration* 0�5 g (rms) to 7�0 g (rms)

5 Hz – 500 Hz/g step

0�5 g (rms) – 15 min�

1�0 g (rms) – 30 min�

1�5 g (rms) – 15 min�

2�0 g (rms) – 15 min�

3�0 g (rms) – 15 min�

5�0 g (rms) – 15 min�

7�0 g (rms) – 5 min�

No Mechanical Failures

Temperature Extremes* Cycling w/ Vibration Cycling

-40° C to +60° C

2�0 g (rms) to 6�0 g (rms)

5 Hz – 500 Hz/g step

13 min� + 20 sec� intervals – x5 (15° C/min� gradients)

No Failures

*Testing done in simulated fixture�

Operational

Highly Accelerated Life Testing

8

Lumens/CCT Versus OrientationSTA-41 lamps are designed for vertical down operation and up to 30° Tilt as illustrated in the following

diagram� In the vertical up orientation from -30° (or +330°) to +30°, the plasma output fl uctuates due to the

thermodynamics inside the lamp� Operating in the pointing up confi guration is prohibited where the lamp

could exhibit fl icker�

Yes No

30° Max

UP

Down30° Max 30° Max° Max

30° Max

UP

Down30° Max 30° Max

9

Lumens/CCT Versus PowerThe following curves depict the power consumption and color temperature

(CCT) of the STA-41 light source as it dims from 100% to 20%� STA-41 source can be electronically dimmed via digital

controls or by 1-10V analog control�

Light Output (%)

10

Lumens/CCT Versus TemperatureThe following data depicts the variation in light output and CCT change over the entire

ambient operating temperature range from -40° to +45° C� There is a maximum of -3% lumens

penalty at hot temperatures and a +100 kelvin color shift at cold temperatures� The lumens

decrease is a result of RF amplifier inefficiency at hot and the color shift is due to decreased

lamp cold spot temperature�

% L

umen

s Ch

ange

Environment Temperature

(Degrees Celcius)

Del

ta K

elvi

ns

120% 170

80% 110

20% 20

100%

Light Output Change (%)

CCT Change (Delta Kelvins)

140

40% 50

60% 80

0%

-60 -20 40-40 200 60

-10

11

Electrical Profile Ignition and Warm-UpThe following data shows the current profile that the RF driver draws during its

warm up process� It is typical for the RF amplifier to draw as much as 14 amperes

from the DC power source� Therefore, the DC power source must be chosen such

that it does not have a cut off below 14 amperes�

Start Current Profile (V=28 volts)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080

Time (seconds)

Current (Amperes) Min Range

Max Range

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080

Time (Seconds)

Curr

ent (

Am

pere

s)

Start Current Profile (V=28 Volts)

12

Start Time Versus TemperatureThe following data shows the lamp start time as a function of temperatures�

The lamp start time takes up to 10 seconds longer at cold temperatures of -40º C

compared with room temperature�

Target

20 25 30 35 40 45 50

25C Start Time

Target

20 25 30 35 40 45 50

-40C Start Time

Target

20 25 30 35 40 45 50

+55C Start Time

Moments

Mean 28�7

Std Dev 4�4

Std Err Mean 0�8

Upper 95% Mean 30�3

Lower 95% Mean 27�1

Moments

Mean 32�1

Std Dev 7�0

Std Err Mean 1�2



Moments

Mean 27�6

Std Dev 3�9

Std Err Mean 0�7



13

MTBF SummaryMTBF (mean time before failure) is a basic measure of reliability for repairable

electronic assemblies� It is calculated as T/N where T is the total operating time

and N is the number of catastrophic failures� MTBF calculations do not reflect

parametric failures where electrical or optical output decreases beyond the

specified parameter� In a lighting system, parametric failures are shown by lumen

and CCT maintenance plots (see page 19 Lumen Maintenance)�

Catastrophic failure rate over time of the RF driver follows a typical bathtub curve

observed in many electronics assemblies� There are three distinct periods in the

bathtub curve that describes the failure rate over time� First period is characterized

by decreasing failure rate and occurs in early life due to infant mortality� This

period is relatively short and the weaker units die off leaving a population of more

rigorous units� To ensure that the weaker units are not released, LUXIM performs

burn in and power cycling of lamp systems� In addition, LUXIM uses components

that are rated for significantly higher temperature than actual use condition� The

next period characterized by a low but constant failure rate where the failures are

random in nature� This is the period of useful life of the RF driver where MTBF and FIT

calculations apply� The last period is characterized by an increasing failure where

components wear out due to physical, electronic, and thermal stresses over its

lifetime� MTBF calculations are no longer valid in this period�

Failu

re ra

te(fa

ilure

s/un

it tim

e)

Burn in (infant mortality)

Lifetime

Wear-out

Useful life(random ta: lives)

14

MTBF Study DetailsIn the period of useful life, the failure rate, R(t) can be computed as R(t)=e-λt

whereλis =1/MTBF and t is the operating time� The probability of catastrophic failure is

simply P(t) = 1- R(t)�

The MTBF calculations for the STA-41 RF driver are performed using MIL-STD-217

techniques� There are several factors that determine reliability including:

» Temperature of operation

» Stress levels of the components

» Time in production (learning curve)

» Quality level of the components

» Operating environment

The system MTBF calculation is done using data from actual testing by component

manufacturers and historical performance of the components� The following conditions

were assumed:

» 85º C base plate temperature

» Learning curve of < 1 year

» COTS quality level (commercial off the shelf )

» Ground, Fixed (not directly exposed to the outer environment)

» Typical and Maximum stress levels

With these assumptions, the LEP RF Driver has an MTBF of 151,000 hours at maximum stress levels and

212,000 at typical stress levels� This corresponds to a 28% and 21% failure rate at the specified 50,000

hours� In a properly designed light fixture, 79% survival at the end of life is typical�

Learning curve (years) Stress level t (hours) MTBF lambda - 1/

MTBF R(t) = exp[-lambda * t] P(t)

1 max 50000 150965 6�62E-06 0�72 0�28

1 typical 50000 212000 4�72E-06 0�79 0�21

15

Accelerated TestingOne method of accelerating the failure mechanism of RF drivers is to power cycle

the lamp system� Power cycling introduces the most stress on the RF electronics

due to unfavorable load conditions, higher current spikes, and rapid thermal

change�

Below is the measured survival rate over time due to rapid cycling of STA-41 series

lamps (10 minutes ON/15 minutes OFF)� LEP drivers sustained greater than 8000

power cycles with greater than 90% survival rate� This is equivalent to more than

20 years of operation�

100%

Driver Sustainability Over TimeLamps Cycling 10 Minutes On / 15 Minutes Off

Equivalent Number of Years

Surv

ival

Rat

e

Num

ber o

f Sta

rts

10000

90% 9000

80% 8000

70% 7000

60% 6000

50% 5000

Survival Rate

Number of Starts40% 4000

30% 3000

20% 2000

10% 1000

0%

0 155 2010 25

0%

16

Notes on Lumens Maintenance and CCT ChangeLumens and CCT maintenance for the STA-41 lamp is extrapolated from measured data of the

previous generation of emitter design (STA-40)� STA-41 lamps are expected to perform similar

or better as they use the same lamp chemistry and have an even lower wall loading (power

input/inner surface are of lamp) and hence lower thermal stress that the STA-40 emitter� The

lifetime of the LEP-STA-41 plasma systems are defined as the time to 70% lumen maintenance

of L70� Below are some notes on the lumen maintenance testing:

1� Lumen maintenance is extrapolated from actual lamp (emitter + driver) data

of 5000 hours� As data is updated every 1000 hours, LUXIM will continue to

update the extrapolation�

2� Seasoning period of first 300 hours is eliminated in order to extrapolate the

lumen maintenance end of life�

3� Lumens are measured in an integrating sphere following closely to IESNA LM-

79 standard 2π measurement geometry�

4� Test conditions are as follows:

» 30º C room temperature

» Constant current and voltage

» Emitter oriented vertical down

» Benchmarking at 1000 hour intervals

17

CCT Change

Lumen Maintenance

Typical Lumen Maintenance Ra=80

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

Hours of Operation

Lumens

avg extrapol.

max extrapol.min extrapol.

Typical STA 41 Lumen Maintenance

% L

ight

Out

put

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500Hours of Operation

Lum

ens

18

Field Trial DataIn order to validate predictions for lumen and CCT maintenance based on life test data

(pages 17 and 18), LUXIM continually monitors field trials� Field trials are the most unbiased

data set that captures degradation in not only the light source but also in the optics,

electronics and thermal management of the fixture�

Below is the measured performance of light fixtures using STA-41-01 light source in outdoor field trials� This

trial consists of 12 cobra head light fixtures on a 12 hour ON/12 hour OFF cycle�

Pictures of the test site

19

UV and IR PerformanceThe following data represent the typical spectral emission in W/nm for the STA-41

emitter from 200 nm to 3000 nm� It is overlaid with the sun’s spectrum and with the

human eye’s response to light (photopic curve)�

L I F I -S T A - 4 1 -0 2 S p e c t r a l D i s t r i b u t i o n 2 0 0 -3 0 0 0 n m

0

0 .0 8

0 .1 6

0 .2 4

0 .3 2

0 .4

2 0 0 7 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 7 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 7 0 0

W a v e l e n g t h ( n m )

W/nm

0

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1

STA-41-02 (W/nm)

Sunlight (normalized)

Photopic (normalized)

200 700 1200 1700 2200 2700

Wavelength (nm)

0�4

0�32

0�24

0�16

0�08

0

1

0�8

0�6

0�4

0�2

0

W/n

m

STA-41-02 (W/nm)

Sunlight (normalized)

Photopic (normalized)

Watts Percentage

UV (200-400) 10�9 9%

Visible (400-750) 85�6 70%

NIR (750-1400) 20�7 17%

SWIR (1400-3000) 5�4 4%

20

Compliance & Performance Testing

STA-41 lamps and luminaries will be subjected to the following regulatory and

standardized testing�

Photometric and Flux Measurement: LTL Test Report, Number 21950

Safety Light Source: UL1029 (US), EN 61347-1: 2008, EN 61347-2-9: 2001 (EU)

EMC: FCC Part 18 Class A, CISPR22, EN55022

Recycling and Waste: RoHS, WEEE (EU)

21

• Reduce Energy Costs by 75% • Easy Lamp Replacement • Full Cutoff - Dark Sky Compliant • Dimmable from 100% to 20%• Vibration Resistant • Rated Lifetime of 50,000 Hours• UL 1598 Listed For Wet Location• Full Illumination in 60 Seconds• LonWorks Dimming Controls• 5-Year Limited Warranty

Illumination Source 2 High Powered LEPs (Light Emitting Plasma)Power Consumption 540 WattsSource Lumens 46,000 Fixture Lumens 41,000 (Photopic) 98,000 (Visually Effective)

Distribution IES Type IV, IES Type VScotopic/Photopic Ratio 2.4Dimming Range 20 - 100%Protective Lens 3/16" Clear Tempered GlassColor Temperature 5,200KCRI 75Input Voltage 90V - 277V or 347V - 480V 50/60HzRated Lamp Life (L70) 50,000 HrsLumen Maintenance 70%Finish Marine Grade Powder Coat w/ UV Inhibitors in NaturalConstruction Low Copper Content AluminumCooling Natural ConvectionOperating Temperature -40°C to 50°CMeasurements 26”L x 17”W x 10”H Weight 45 lbs (20.4 kg)

Warranty 5-Year Limited WarrantyApprovals UL / cUL 1598 for Wet Location, CE

BLP1000 High MastEfficiency. Intelligence. Durability.

SpecificationsFeatures

Application

*Specifications subject to change without notice

AdditionalAll components are UL recognized and rated from -40°C to + 50°C ambient. Luminaire is supplied with two high power factor (>.94) and low THD (<20%) AC/DC power supplies. Built in surge protection offers 10kV suppression in accordance with IEEE/ANSI C62.41.2. Finish passes 1000 hour salt fog test per ASTMB117 and D2247 and is ROHS compliant. Comes with die cast aluminum arm mount with +90 vertical adjustment that fits 2.375” (60mm) O.D.tenon. Designed and manufactured in the USA.

AMKO SOLARA BLP1000 is the only energy efficient high mast luminaire that utilizes Light Emitting Plasma™ (LEP) to deliver a brilliant white light comparable to daylight with an efficacy that surpasses fluorescent, HID or induction luminaires. Consuming only 540 watts, the BLP1000 distributes light nearly three times more efficiently than a 1000W High Pressure Sodium resulting in increased visibility, safety and security. Intelligently manage lighting performance through integrated LonWorks controls to further reduce energy costs and increase overall product lifetime. This durable, weatherproof luminaire is ideal for outdoor high mast applications such as ports, parking areas, rail and container yards, airports and highways.

22

BLP1000 High Mast

Energy Efficiency

Plot Generated With Nominal STA-41-01 Light Source, Max Candela = 10071Located At Horizontal Angle = 90, Vertical Angle = 60#1 - Vertical Plane Through Horizontal Angles (90-270) Through Max. Cd.#2 - Horizontal Cone Through Vertical Angle (60) Through Max. Cd.

Dimensions

Ordering InformationProduct - Lamp Color Temp Distribution EMC Voltage Accessories

BLP1000 - P1 41-01 52K 5200K S4 IES Type IV M Mesh 27 110-277V WC LonWorks ControlS5 IES Type V N No Mesh 34 347V

48 480V

Example: BLP1000-P152KS5M48WC Note: With mesh, luminaire is FCC Part 18 Class A compliant.

Light Source 1000W HPS BLP1000

System Wattage 1200W 540W

Daily Usage 12 Hrs 12 Hrs

Annual Energy Consumption 5256 kWh 2365 kWh

Cost per kWh $0.12 $0.12

Annual Operating Cost $631 $284

Rated Lifetime 15,000 Hrs 50,000 Hrs

Replacement Lamps per Year .29 .09

Maintenance Cost per Lamp $300 $400

Annual Maintenance Cost $87 $36

Total Annual Cost $718 $320

Savings per Fixture $398

Estimated Utility Rebate N/A $145

Total Savings per Fixture N/A $543

Savings per Installation 500 units $271,500

¹Maintenance Cost includes Labor, Lift Expense, Ballast, Etc. ²Rebate Based on $0.05 per Annual kWh Saved, Utility Participation Varies³Use of LonWorks Dimming Controller Increases Annual Energy Savings by 30%

BLP1000 vs 1000W HPS

IES ROAD REPORTPHOTOMETRIC FILENAME : BLP1000 HIGH MAST 36SEG 41-01.IES

POLAR GRAPH

2518

5036

7553

10071

1

2

Maximum Candela = 10071.019 Located At Horizontal Angle = 90, Vertical Angle = 60# 1 - Vertical Plane Through Horizontal Angles (90 - 270) (Through Max. Cd.)# 2 - Horizontal Cone Through Vertical Angle (60) (Through Max. Cd.)

Photometric Toolbox Professional Edition - Copyright 2002-2011 by Lighting Analysts, Inc.Calculations based on published IES Methods and recommendations, values rounded for display purposes.Results derived from content of manufacturers photometric file.

Page 5

Photometrics

23

RSeries Roadway LuminaireFeaturing Light Emitting Plasma™ from LUXIM®

WIND LOADING

(29.0)738

(31.4)797

(5.6)142

(14.2)362

IP65

Lamp OptionsProduct Code 41-01 41-02 25-03

LampLumens

Watts

Life Hours

CRI

CCT

23,000 11,000

270 160

50,000 50,000

72 70

5200

17,000

270

50,000

92

5200 5800

WeightPounds Kilograms

34 15.5

Wind LoadingLuminaire Configuration EPA

Single Luminaire 0.6 ft2

Twin Luminaire 180° 1.2 ft2

Twin Luminaire @ 90° 0.8 ft2

3-Way, 4-Way 1.5 ft2

Dimensions

HousingSingle piece die-cast aluminum casing for optimal thermal performance and resistance to outdoor environments. All fasteners are stainless steel.

ElectricalLuminaire supplied with high power factor (>.94) and low THD (<20%) AC/DC power supply (at full load). Surge protection built in with 10kV suppression in accordance with IEEE/ANSI C62.41.2. All components are UL recognized. Luminaire components are rated from -40°C to +45°C ambient.

MountingSupplied for 2-3/8” round mast arm with ±15° tilt. Downlight only. Vibration tested for roadway specification ANSI C136.3

FinishLuminaire color is natural (RAL9006). Finish is marine grade, polyester powder coat with UV inhibitors. Other colors are available - consult factory for more color options.

ComplianceLuminaire is designed for operation in wet locations. Tested to IP65 per IEC 60529. CE product safety compliant, tested to IEC 60598-2-3. International Dark Sky approved. Tested per LM79standards.

Door / Lens FrameTool-less single piece die-cast door frame (hinged for ease of maintenance). Secured with three stainless-steel tool-less latches for tight seal to ensure a clean lens and optical assembly. Lens is made of clear tempered high-transmission soda-lime glass. Optical and electrical compartment is completely sealed by using a single piece, high temperature, silicone molded rubber gasket.

OpticalOffered with IES Type II Medium faceted optics. Reflector is made from highly reflective lighting grade die formed aluminum for consistent optical performance. All photometry is performed by a certified independent photometric testing laboratory.

Light SourceLuminaire features LEP™ light source from LUXIM. The system can be dimmed. Lamp starts rapidly typically reaching full output within 65 seconds; hot re-strike time is 2 minutes.

24

Ford Dealership Showroom Lighting

Highlights‧Replaced 45 HID lights with 24 ST400 plasma �xtures generating the desired light levels

‧65% of the project cost was paid with energy-e�ciency rebates and incentives

‧Cut demand usage in half, reducing the annual energy footprint by over 70 tons of CO2

‧Maintenance-free up to 12 years, with 50,000 hour lamp life resulting in lower maintenance costs

‧Annual utility and maintenance savings of more than $9,700

‧100% payback after only 30 months following the upgrade

Case Study: Ford Auto and Marine Dealership (Smithville, MO)Application: Outdoor Area Lighting

Dave Littleton Ford approached LEP with the need to renovate their large outdoor showroom with lighting that would

display their inventory more attractively, while saving energy.

A total of 40 1000W and 400W HID light �xtures were replaced with 24 Plasma �xtures, and 12 1000W �oods were

upgraded to pulse-start HID technology. The light emitting plasma (LEP) �xtures produce bright, full-spectrum light for

beautiful display qualities with a broad distribution, so fewer �xtures were needed to produce the desired light levels.

Littleton Ford received over $7,000 in utility rebates, and received a bonus depreciation deduction of about $16,000. The

dealership will save $9,770 annually with a return on investment of 30 months.

25

International Shipping Port Upgrades to LEP

Highlights‧75% energy savings with Light Emitting Plasma and wireless dimming controls

‧Higher visibility levels with more accurate color rendering

‧2 fewer �xtures per pole reducing pole weight by 80lbs

‧Minimized maintenance at 100ft heights above ground

Goals‧Improve energy e�ciency by replacing 1000W HPS lighting system

‧Centralize wireless controls (on for 12 hrs/day, dimmed for 6-8 hrs/day)

‧Install safer and higher quality lighting across 100 high mast poles

Case Study: International Shipping PortApplication: High Mast Lighting

The constant activity at a commercial shipping port puts a high demand on the quality and reliability of its lighting

infrastructure, requiring bright light to be distributed over a vast area for safety at any time of day or night.

26

Detailed Results Per Pole

1000W HPS Lighting (12 Fixtures/Pole) 560W LEP Lighting (10 Fixtures/Pole)

1000W HPS LEP STA-41-01

1200W 640W 373W

12 2 10

14400W 8800W 3733W

$8,199 $5,011 $2,216

$657 $394 $263

1.4 Years

$8,856

560W

10

5600W

$3,189

$263

$3,451

Average Fixture Power

Number of Fixtures

Installation Power

Operating Costs

Annual Maintenance Cost

Annual Energy Cost

Total Annual Operating Cost

Payback

Annual Environment Impact and EmissionsTotal Annual Operating Cost 49 Tons 19 Tons 30 Tons 13 Tons 36 Tons

Savings Dimmed Savings

$5,405 $2,389

827W

1

10667W

$6,074

$394

$6,468

1.2 Years

27

Highlights‧Reduced total wattage by 47% from 9600W to 5040W

‧Increased light levels levels by 49% from 47ft-cd to 70ft-cd

‧Improved CRI from 70 to 95 providing improved visual acuity and appearance

‧Lengthened lamp replacement cycle from 2 years to 6 years, dramatically reducing maintenance costs

‧100% payback after only 24 months following the retro�t

Case Study: Electronics Manufacturer (Sunnyvale, CA)Application: Manufacturing Area (Low Bay)

Improving the quality of the workplace and saving electricity were high on the priority list for this Silicon Valley

manufacturer.

Replacing existing T12 �uorescents with LEP luminaires was an easy choice; the upgrade dramatically improved the

appearance of the work environment and saved the company over $300 per �xture annually. Furthermore, the

installation took the electrician less than a day as the new solution required only 18 LEP luminaires to replace 60

�uorescent ones.

LEP Replaces Fluorescent Lighting on Manufacturing Floor

28

Detailed Results

60x4 40W Linear Fluorescent Fixtures (T12) 18 280W LEP H400 Fixtures (STA-41-02)

BeforeAverage Fixture Power 160W 280W -120W

60 18 42

15 Hours 15 Hours N/A

2 Years 6 Years 4 Years

52,560 27,594 24,966

$6,833 $3,587 $3,246

$2,464 $237 $2,227

$9,927 $3,824 $5,473

Number of Fixtures

Daily Usage

Lamp Replacement Cycle

Annual Operating CostsElectricity Consumption (kW-Hr)

Energy Cost

Maintenance Cost

Total Operating Cost

Payback 24 Months

Environmental ImpactCarbon Dioxide Emissions 41 Tons 22 Tons 26 Tons

After Savings

29

LEP Illuminates High School Gymnasium

Highlights‧Reduced annual costs by 45% for energy and maintenance ($177/�xture, 3.4 year simple payback on retro�t)

‧Improved footcandle levels compared to previous 400W metal halide lamps

‧Improved CRI from 65 to 95 providing improved visual acuity and appearance

‧Ease of retro�t; able to swap out each luminaire in 15 minutes

‧Eliminated noise from MH light ballast

‧Reduced environment footprint by 26 tons of CO2 emitted per year (equivalent to the amount sequestered by 5 acres

　of pine forest)

Case Study: St. Francis High School Gymnasium (Mountain View, CA)Application: High Bay Lighting

Saint Francis High School required better lighting for their gymnasium, and also wanted to reduce their environmental

footprint.

The existing 400W metal halide lighting gave the facility a poorly illuminated appearance and was costly to operate and

maintain. The school’s Facilities Director wanted the gym (which operated 15 hours/day) to be an attractive venue for its

teams and decided an LEP solution would address the school’s needs.

30

Detailed Results

470W Metal Halide Lighting 280W LEP Lighting (STA-41-02)

BeforeAverage Fixture Power 470W 280W 190W

32 32 N/A



82,344 49,056 33,288

$10,705 $6,377 $4,327

$1,752 $420 $1,332

$12,457 $6,798 $5,659

Number of Fixtures

Daily Usage



Energy Cost

Maintenance Cost


Payback 3.4 Years


After Savings

31

LEP Parking Lot Lighting in Silicon Valley

Highlights‧Achieved 55% energy savings with Light Emitting Plasma technology

‧Reduce CO2 emissions by 0.85 tons each year

‧50% reduction in maintenance costs

‧1/3rd setup time compared to typical lighting installations

‧Uniform illumination completely eliminating dark spots

‧Safer night-time environment with accurate color rendering

‧Hi / Lo operation using motion sensors

Case Study: Semiconductor Manufacturer — Silicon Valley, CAApplication: Parking Lot Lighting

Silicon Valley is home to a thriving industry of cutting-edge high technology, and this semiconductor manufacturer

consulted with Wil-Cal Lighting Management looking for ways to improve their outdoor area lighting.

Wil-Cal delivered a system using LEP to save 55% energy, reducing their carbon footprint while improving the quality of

light compared to their original HPS installation. Occupancy sensors were used in Hi-Lo mode to dim lamps during the

night to save even further energy.

32

Detailed Results Per Fixture

470W Metal Halide Lighting 280W LEP Lighting (STA-41-02)

BeforeAC System Power 465W 209W 236W

18,000 Hours 50,000 Hours 32,000 Hours

$37 $18 $19

2037 KW-Hrs 913 KW-Hrs 1124 KW-Hrs

$265 $119 $146

Daily Usage

Lamp Replacement Cost


Annual Operating CostsAverage Annual Lamp Replacement Cost

Total Energy Consumption

Annual Energy Cost ($0.13/KW-Hr)

Total Annual Operating Cost $13,464$4,536$18,000

Environmental ImpactAnnual CO2 Produced 1.53 Tons 0.68 Tons 0.85 Tons

After Savings


$150 $200 -$50

33

LEP Roadway Lighting in Guangdong, China

Highlights‧44% energy savings with Light Emitting Plasma technology

‧Cut maintenance costs in half due to 300% longer lamp life

‧Reduced power consumption from 400W to 275W full power, 193W Hi/Lo

‧Improved the quality of light from yellow to white light with 2.4x better nighttime visibility

‧Full payback achieved after only 22 months

Case Study: New Material Road — Guangdong Province, ChinaApplication: Street and Roadway Lighting

China's New Material Road is the street that leads to some of the largest lighting manufacturers in the world. As you can

imagine, the road was originally built with the latest lighting technology available at the time of its construction.

But, much has changed since then, including China's commitment to energy e�ciency and their standards regarding

street and area lighting. Fortunately, lighting technology has evolved as well, and LEP technology meets the challenge of

innovation under strict energy limitations.

34

400W HPS Lighting

275W LEP Lighting (Century CANA luminaires)

35

600 Indiana Street Lights Upgraded to LEP

Highlights‧Reduced the number of �xtures by 30% while maintaining brightness and safety levels

‧60% energy savings compared to existing HPS solution

‧Greatly reduced maintenance and energy costs, resulting in full payback after only 18 months。More than $200 annual savings on energy costs per �xture。Reduced lamp replacement from 4-year to 11-year cycles

‧Improved the quality of light from yellow to white light with 2.4x better nighttime visibility

‧Dark-Sky compliant with improved light uniformity

‧Reduced the environmental footprint by 558 tons of CO2 emitted per year

Case Study: Scottsburg, Indiana (US I-31 and IN-56)Application: Street and Roadway Lighting

When the City of Scottsburg, Indiana, decided to upgrade its lighting from High Pressure Sodium, they found that LED

solutions were too costly for their budget and would not provide adequate lighting without additional poles.

They became interested in an LEP solution when they found out it would allow them to signi�cantly reduce the number

of luminaires while still maintaining existing light levels. Stray Light Optical Technologies, an LEP lighting manufacturer,

helped the City upgrade 600 street and roadway luminaires.

36

Detailed Results

460W HPS Lighting600 fixture installations

280W LEP Lighting (Tesla II luminaires)420 fixture installations (30% fewer)

BeforeAverage Fixture Power 460W 280W 180W

600 420 180



1,242,000 529,200 712,800

$161,460 $68,796 $92,664

$18,000 $4,536 $13,464

$179,460 $73,332 $106,128

Number of Fixtures

Daily Usage



Energy Cost

Maintenance Cost


Payback 18 Months


After Savings

37

LEP Chosen To Light New Steel Mill


‧More than doubled scotopic brightness and matched photopic brightness

‧Increased visibility and color rendering from 20 to 75 CRI

‧Improved replacement cycle from from 3 years to 9 years, dramatically reducing maintenance costs

Case Study: Steel Mill Processing Area (Ningbo, China)Application: Mixed Use Industrial Area (High Bay)

Ningbo Steel Company was considering lighting their new steel processing facility with 250W HPS �xtures until they

discovered LEP luminaires.

Not only were they able to save half the power, their lighting solution matched daylight color during night shifts,

boosting productivity and safety. LEP’s advanced electronics also support their use of lighting controls for additional

energy savings based on occupancy and motion sensing.

38

Detailed Results

HPSAverage Fixture Power 280W 160W 180W

18 18 N/A



27,594 15,768 11,826

$3,587 $2,050 $1,537

$548 $237 $311

$4,315 $2,286 $1,848

Number of Fixtures

Daily Usage



Energy Cost

Maintenance Cost


Payback 2.9 Years


LEP Savings

Natural Daylight 60W LEP H400 Fixtures (STA-25-03)

39

Gymnasium Lighting in Oakland, CA


‧Increased light levels by 270% from 18ft-cd to 49ft-cd

‧Dramatically increased visibility/color rendering from 70 to 95 CRI

‧Improved replacement cycle from 1.5 yrs to 6 years

‧Payback of 2.2 years for retro-�t project

‧Created uniformity in color that was mismatched on old luminaires

Case Study: Boys & Girl's Club — Oakland, CAApplication: Gymnasium Lighting

Improving the quality of light and ambience inside this gymnasium was a high priority for the Boys and Girls Club of

Oakland. Not only did LEP cut half the energy cost, but LEP produced more than double the light output.

Replacing existing 470W Metal Halide with 270W LEP luminaires was an easy choice; the change-out dramatically

improved the appearance of the gymnasium and created a safe and bright area for kids to enjoy. The installation took the

electrician less than a day as the new solution only required 20 LEP luminaires to replace 20 MH �xtures.

40

Detailed Results Per Fixture

470W HPS Lighting 270W LEP Lighting (STA-41-02)

HPS 470W

Average Fixture Power 470W 270W

20 20

12 Hours 12 Hours


9400W 5400W 4000W

$6,690/Year $3,843/Year $2,847/Year

$1,095/Year $262/Year $833/Year

$7,785/Year $4,106/Year 3,679/Year

Number of Fixtures

Daily Usage


Annual Operating CostsInstallation Power

Energy Cost

Maintenance Cost

Operating Cost

Payback 3 Years

LEP STA-41-02 LEP Savings

41

AMKO SOLARA Lighting Co.,Ltd.3F., No.218, Sec. 3, Datong Rd.,Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan (R.O.C.)tel:+886-2-8647-3072 fax: +886-2-8647-3221www.amkosolara.comPart of AMKO Group

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