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Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

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Page 1: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.
Page 2: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

Lima, Peru

Page 3: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

Cuzco, Peru

Page 4: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

Moyobamba, Peru

Woman from Tarapoto, Peru

Page 5: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.
Page 6: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• Iquitos, Peru

Page 7: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• Machu Pichu

Page 8: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• Cuzco

• The Inca Capital

Page 9: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• The Nazca

Desert

Page 10: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• Lake Titicaca

Page 11: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• The Coast

Page 12: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

• Spain and Portugal sought to get more Spain and Portugal sought to get more out of their trade with the Eastout of their trade with the East

• Specifically, they needed to achieve a Specifically, they needed to achieve a balance of tradebalance of trade (the cost of imports (the cost of imports [money out] exceeded the cost of [money out] exceeded the cost of exports [money in]--meaning they exports [money in]--meaning they became in debt to other nations)became in debt to other nations)

• They needed to find a quicker way to They needed to find a quicker way to the Eastthe East

Page 13: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• Prince Henry of Portugal was very interested Prince Henry of Portugal was very interested in explorationin exploration

• He helped to create better maps, compasses, He helped to create better maps, compasses, astrolabes, and math for navigation from astrolabes, and math for navigation from notes and books left over or discovered by notes and books left over or discovered by Islamic scholarsIslamic scholars

Page 14: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• As exploration began and proved As exploration began and proved profitable, wealthy merchants and kings profitable, wealthy merchants and kings began to fund the tripsbegan to fund the trips

• With more interest came a need to With more interest came a need to establish more permanent settlements establish more permanent settlements in the lands that were visited--so the in the lands that were visited--so the Portuguese began to establish colonies Portuguese began to establish colonies in the lands they traded with in the lands they traded with

• As they began to colonize Africa, they As they began to colonize Africa, they also began to use the native people to also began to use the native people to turn a profit--they made them slaves to turn a profit--they made them slaves to sell or work on their plantationssell or work on their plantations

Page 15: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• In 1484, Columbus, an Italian sailor, came up with a In 1484, Columbus, an Italian sailor, came up with a plan to sail West to reach Asiaplan to sail West to reach Asia

• He first took his idea to Portugal, but was rejectedHe first took his idea to Portugal, but was rejected• He then went to the King and Queen of Spain, who He then went to the King and Queen of Spain, who

reluctantly agreedreluctantly agreed• Two months after setting sail, they landed in the Two months after setting sail, they landed in the

BahamasBahamas• He then proceeded to enslave and murder the He then proceeded to enslave and murder the

Arawaks--the original inhabitants of the islandsArawaks--the original inhabitants of the islands

Page 16: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

• From that discovery onward, the Spanish and From that discovery onward, the Spanish and Portuguese began to eagerly explore and exploit the Portuguese began to eagerly explore and exploit the “New” World“New” World

• In the 1540’s the Spanish discovered silver in Peru and In the 1540’s the Spanish discovered silver in Peru and made slaves out of the nativesmade slaves out of the natives

• There were a few priests, such as De Las Casas, who There were a few priests, such as De Las Casas, who objected to this treatment and wrote about it--but it did objected to this treatment and wrote about it--but it did not stop itnot stop it

• Soon after this, other European nations began sending Soon after this, other European nations began sending expeditions and setting up coloniesexpeditions and setting up colonies

• England reached North America in 1497, then the England reached North America in 1497, then the French in 1524, followed by the Dutch French in 1524, followed by the Dutch

• This quickly shifted the power in trade and wealth from This quickly shifted the power in trade and wealth from Italy (drying up the Italian city states) to Western Italy (drying up the Italian city states) to Western EuropeEurope

Page 17: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

The Columbian Exchange• The The Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange is the exchange of is the exchange of

plants, animals, ideas, and diseases between the plants, animals, ideas, and diseases between the New World (the Americas) & the Old World New World (the Americas) & the Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia)(Europe, Africa, Asia)

• To the Old WorldTo the Old World: beans, corn, potatoes, : beans, corn, potatoes, tomatoes, squash, turkey, tobacco, peanuts, tomatoes, squash, turkey, tobacco, peanuts, slaves, some diseasesslaves, some diseases

• To the New WorldTo the New World: Deadly diseases, bananas, : Deadly diseases, bananas, cattle, horses, grapes, sugarcane, citrus, pigs, cattle, horses, grapes, sugarcane, citrus, pigs, rice, religion (forcefully), slavery, language, guns, rice, religion (forcefully), slavery, language, guns, steel, the wheelsteel, the wheel

Page 18: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.
Page 19: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

Capitalism• Capitalism is an economic system based

on private ownership of business and public investment for desired returns.– In other words people invest capital (a fancy word

for money or resources) in a business that promises to make a profit (more money) that they will pay back to the investor in the hopes that they will invest more…while seeking new market (places to sell things) to make even more money, generating more profit, and more capital.

Page 20: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

Capitalism Origins

• Mercantile system: a system where a govt. tells its colonies what to make so that it can be used in the mother country (this is what England did to us)

• The Cottage Industry: a system where families work out of their homes to make a product or part of a product– This is how the Mercantile system worked in

the Americas

Page 21: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

Capitalism Origins

• Joint Stock Companies: Nearly every European nation involved in exploration and colonization operated through JSC’s—private entrepreneurs that used capital from banks, private individuals, and state government to generate trade and profit FOR a government.

• All of these gave rise to a new global MARKET ECONOMY, in which individuals, not states, decided what goods and services they wanted to buy

Page 22: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.
Page 23: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

The Enlightenment and Government

• European Monarchs feared many of the ideas of the Enlightenment

• Some, like Louis XIV of France locked down on his people declaring, “L’etat c’est moi!” (I am the state!)

• Others embraced some ideas, and became know as “enlightened despots”—monarchs who ruled like traditional kings/queens but also applied principals of human/civil rights and property rights to their people.

Page 24: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

John Locke• Perhaps the most influential Enlightenment

thinker was John Locke.• He was an Englishman who formulated the

idea of the “social contract”—that there was an agreement between the ruler and the ruled, that one would obey the other as long as the ruler provided what the people needed (which included rights, etc.)

• Wrote about Natural Laws and Rights: the right to life, liberty, and property.

Page 25: Lima, Peru Cuzco, Peru Moyobamba, Peru Woman from Tarapoto, Peru.

Others• Montesquieu: Separate powers of

government to ensure freedom.• Rousseau: Govt. should express will of the

people, social contract• Voltaire: Freedom of speech• Americans: Our founding is based

DIRECTLY off the beliefs and ideas of the Enlightenment. – Franklin, Jefferson, Madison, many others


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