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LINCOLN DOUGLAS DEBATE
Table of Contents
What is it LD Debate Structure Terms to Know Constructive Arguments
Affirmative Negative
Cross Examinations Rebuttals Flowing
What is Lincoln Douglas Debating?
Named for the 1858 debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas (focused on slavery) Morals Values Logic
Current focus of LD debate (one on one debating) Still morals, values, and logic Reasons for the WHY behind our actions than the actions
themselves
Understanding what action is done, and why people or governments chose to take such actions, will help you better understand the decision making process of those in positions of power.
LD Structure
Affirmative Constructive (AC) 6 minutes Cross-Examination (NEG questions AFF) 3 minutes Negative Constructive (NC) 7 minutes Cross-Examination (AFF questions NEG) 3 minutes 1st Affirmative Rebuttal (AR1) 4 minutes 1st Negative Rebuttal (NR) 6 minutes 2nd Affirmative Rebuttal (AR2) 3 minutes Total Prep Time during debate 4 min/EACH side
Terms to Know
Resolution – topic of debate “Capital punishment is unjust.”
Affirmative – in favor of topic
Negative – opposes topic
Constructive – building of the speech; SCRIPTED Value – what is most important in the debate (what will be
achieved/protected) (ex.: Equality) Criterion – how to achieve value (sometimes based in
philosophy) (ex.: Equal application of all laws and consequences)
Contention – major arguments (ex.: 1) low socio-economic cannot afford top lawyers and legal teams, 2) defendant more likely to get death penalty if victim is white.)
Rebuttal – why the other side’s contentions are wrong/your contentions are right; PARTIALLY SCRIPTED
Flow – keeping track of the debate; points, contention, and questions
Constructive Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fgLUQDqtiE
http://speechanddebatecoach.jeffreylylemason.com/?page_id=250
Outline and handouts.docx
Cross-Examination (NEG questions AFF)
3 minutes to ask the affirmative debater questions.
Both debaters should stand up in front of the room next to each other.
BOTH FACE THE JUDGE and not look at each other during the CX.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=od5R8ijZOA8
Reasons for CX
To ask clarification questions about arguments that the student missed arguments the student didn’t
understand the exact meaning of definitions
presented the strategic effects of arguments in
the case
To attack the opponent’s case position To question the veracity of claims
made To question the logical links
between the arguments To establish a presence within
the round to set up the negative case s/he
is about to read
Tips for CX
Have a plan! Favor shorter questions that all
build on each other Can ask for clarification Pick an argument and just ask
variations on “why?” Be careful not to ask totally open
ended questions.
Replying to CX
Know the case backwards and forwards.
Answer questions directly without rambling.
Yes or no isn’t always yes or not. Questions may not be a simply yes or no
question. Explain why your answer needs to be more nuanced than “yes or no.”
On the flip side, if you are asked a simple “yes or no” question that can be answered, answer it.
Finally, remember, be calm and composed.
Negative Constructive
Tends to not have definitions since many are the same definitions so it would be a waste of time to reiterate.
Will have a value and a way to achieve the value
Structured similar to the affirmative case (same # of contentions)
If time allows, rebuttal should be started https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6Je
1_6qeEM
Cross-Examination (AFF questions NEG)
See negative CX section
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RObYH3s5omo
Rebuttals
Explain how you will set up rebuttal (A/N or N/A) Designed to attack opponent’s value and
contentions Explain what is wrong with them Prove they are not valid
Allows for further development of your own contentions and link to importance of your value
If a contention is not address (A or N), then it is assumed that point is conceded
NO NEW INFORMATION
Rebuttal Tactic – comparing contentions
Give counter evidence or examples to the other side’s contention(s)
Point out missteps in their logic This doesn’t just mean noting that the original
argument is making assumptions, but pointing out what those assumptions are and saying why they are wrong.
Point out flaws in evidence Point out why their side of the resolution is not any
better with regards to this issue, meaning they have no unique advantage
Raise objection as to why their logic won’t work in the real world
Even if the claim they are making is true, you can say the argument is not important due to the probability that the claim would
happen being small the scope or magnitude of the argument
being small, meaning that the problem they cite would not affect that many people or the benefit they are claiming would not help that many people
Rebuttals tactic – defending contentions
Citing a logical fallacy “Is/ought” fallacy
Assuming that because something happens in a certain way that it ought to always happen in that way.
Second Amendment argument Begging the question
This is another way of saying the argument is circular meaning that the argument assumes premises that assume the conclusion of the argument.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OAXKc-rvMa8 (to 1 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKZQ_mu_Jys (1 min to 2 min)
The false dilemma Two options are given and forces a choice between only these two
options Ignores other potential options
Affirmative Rebuttal 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA-U
B5_h_gg
Negative Rebuttal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLx8
d-X2PQg
Affirmative Rebuttal 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYrn
t_P3hnA
Flowing
AC (6 min) CX – N to A (3 min)
NC (7 min) CX – A to N (3 min)
AR1 (4 min) NR (6 min) AR2 (3 min)
Basketball
What is the end goal of a game? To win
How do you achieve that end goal? Score the most points
Evaluate – What type of players are going to help score the most points? (short or tall)
Choose short or tall players and reason how that type will score the most points
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mhW62NKVI4
You Must:
Build both affirmative and negative arguments (construct and rebuttals)
Write a script for constructive and (some of the) rebuttals – KNOW WHAT YOU WILL SAY!
Determine who will speak/help where – everyone in the group MUST have an active role Individual grades Group mate grades
Helpful Hints to Divide Your Team Affirmative Construct is the most
straightforward Rebuttals must understand how to
counter and think on feet Cross examinations build cases – use
individuals wisely You may designate “floaters” who help in
all areas BUT you cannot have more than 1 or 2
EVERYONE MUST RESEARCH
REMEMBER!
What is it Started with Abe Lincoln and Stephen
Douglas LD Debate Structure
Timed debate Minimum debate time 32 minutes
Terms to Know
Constructive Arguments Affirmative – define, set value, create
contentions in favor of resolution Negative - define, set value, create
contentions against resolution Cross Examinations
Question round Plan Find loopholes Review opponents’ contentions
Rebuttals Further support for your side’s contentions Refute opposition’s contentions
Flowing – keep track of debate
Debate is a civilized discussion that presents organized thoughts and facts to defend a side. It is not a place for emotion or unsupported opinions.
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/MovieSpeeches/moviespeechthegreatdebaterswileycollegevsharvarduniversity.html