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Ahistoricaloverview
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Priorto19200Post-CivilWar:wavesofSouth-to-Northimmigration
0 especiallyafterPlessyv.Ferguson(1896)0AfricanAmericanswerealreadylivinginNYC:
0 Mid-1800s:SoHoarea0 Late1800s:GreenwichVillage0 1890s:West20sand30s0 1900s:West50s,beginmoveintoHarlem
0Harlemin1900:0 Overzealoushousingdevelopment(forwhiteworkers) 0 Subwayhasntfullyarrived,especiallyontheeastside 0 African-Americanmigrationbeginsontheeastside,moveswest0 From1900-1920,thenumberofblackslivinginHarlemdoubles
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Harlemin1920
OnlineResources
0TheHarlemRenaissance:AnOverview
0DigitalHarlem
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Harlemin19200 Demographics
0 1920:152,467peopleofAfricandescentlivinginNYC.39,233borninNYState,30,436fromoutsideUS(primarilyCaribbean),and78,242fromotherstates(mostlySouthern).
0 1920-1925:approx.50,000morearrivefromtheSouth
0 Quicklyovercrowded:upto3xasmanypeopleinthesamespacewhencomparedtojustafewdecadesprior
0 aracecapital:BlackMecca0 Aspacefor0 newopportunityandimprovement0 intellectualandaestheticexpansion0 culturalsolidiication
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Segregationin1920sHarlem0 Irrationaldistinctionsintermsofemployment:
0 one-droprule0 Passingisageneralculturalphenomenonsoistherejectionthereof
0 colorlineswithinthecolorline0 Aswhitesdiscriminateagainstblacksbybeingunabletoseethemasreal(canonlyseestereotypes),thesamethinghappensbetweenlighter-skinnedanddarker-skinnedAfricanAmericans
0 Womenaredoublydiscriminatedagainst:0 nopositivehealthyimagesinpopular
culturenotconsideredsocietysidealofbeauty
0 stillseenassexuallyindiscriminate(thelegacyofslavery)0 womenofmixedheritagestillseenasparticularlysexuallyexotic(legacyofthetragicmulattocharacterofthe1800s)
ANegroworkermaynotbeastreetorsubwayconductorbecauseofthepossibilityofpublicobjectiontocontactbuthemaybeaticketchopper.Hemaynotbeamoneychangerinasubwaystationbecause
honestyisrequiredyethemaybeentrusted,asamessenger,withthousandsofdollarsdaily.Hemaynotsellgoodsoveracounterbuthemaydeliverthegoodsaftertheyhavebeensold.Hemaybeaporterinchargeofasleepingcarwithoutaconductor,butneveraconductor;hemaybeapolicemanbutnotaBireman;alinotyper,butnotamotionpictureoperator;aglassannealer,butnotaglassblower;adeckhand,butnotasailor.
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Thecitywithinacity0safehaven0voluntarysegregation0Harlemisamodernghetto.True,thatisacontradiction
interms,butprejudicehasringedthisgrouparound
withinvisiblelinesandbars.Withinthebarsyouwill
Bindasmallcity,self-sufBicient,completeinitselfariot
ofcolorandpersonality,amedleyofsongandtears,a
canvasofbrownsandgoldsandBlamingreds.Andyet
bound.(EuniceHunton)
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African-AmericanPoliceman,HarlemCa.1915
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Open-AirReligiousMeeting,HarlemCa.1915
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HarlemStreetsCa.1920
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AfricanAmericansonRaceinthe
1920s0 Raceasaglobalidea
0 WestIndianshadhistoricallyplayedabigroleinculturaldevelopment0 CulturaldividebetweenSouthernmigrantsandCaribbeanimmigrants0 ThequestionofAfrica:howtorelatetothatlandanditspeoples
0 ReestablishinganAfrican-Americanpast0 Schomburg:reclaimedbackground0 Howtoixthesocialandeconomicdamageofslavery?
0 Eachoneteachoneidea(startsduringslavery,re:reading)0 Beingabreakthroughperson,airst,doesntguaranteeasustainedfutureforothers(willtherebeasecond?)
0 BookerT.Washingtonindustrialeducation/skillsdevelopment0 W.E.B.DuBoisTalentedTenth:(essay,1903)1in10blackmenmaybecomeleaders.Shouldhaveaclassical(notindustrial)educationinordertoensurethattheydo.
0 MarcusGarvey,BacktoAfricamovement.ReuniteallpeopleofAfricanancestryintoonecommunitywithoneabsolutegovernment
0 Art,Music,Performance:ameansofagitatingforequality,progress(ex:PaulRobeson)0 Bye&Bye(withLawrenceBrown;1925)0 SwingLow,SweetChariot (1933)0 OnplayingOthello(1943)
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Jazz0Divisivenewsound
0 asculturallydisruptiveasModernismwas 0 musicallyfragmented,drawsuponprimitivism
0 Prohibition+segregationresultsinsomeverystrangecombinations:0 CottonClub:African-Americanperformers,whitepatrons
0GoingtojazzclubsinHarlemwasthehipthingtodoedgy0 1stuniqueAmericanmusicalsoundforexport
0 RootsinAfrican-Americanfolkculture,CreolecultureofNewOrleans,citysounds
0 Risqu,explicitlysexual0 Rogers:Musicallyjazzhasagreatfuture.Itisrapidlybeing
sublimated.
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