Linear Motion.exercise

5/27/2018 Linear Motion.exercise

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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH

Activity 1 (a) Distance & Displacement (b) Speed & Velocity

1. In groups of four, carry out these activities. Draw a diagram as below. Yourtask is to put a pencil at point C.

2. With a pencil take a ride from position A to B and to the final destination, C.

Your total path of length = __________, this value is known as _____________

3. Repeat step 2 but now from A direct to the final destination of C. This is yourshortest path to the final destination, C.

The value = _____________. This value is known as ______________

4. If the time taken in step 2 is 4 seconds and the average speed is given as:

Average speed, v = ____Total distance travel, s (m)__Time taken, t (s)

What is the average speed, v of your movement? ____________

2 1Linear motion is a study of moving object in a _______________

line. We need a _____________ _____________ to describe__________ and ___________ of objects.


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH5. If the time taken in step 3 is 2 seconds and the average velocity is given as

Average velocity, v = Displacement, s (m)Time taken, t (s)

What is the average velocity, v of your movement? ______________

Diagram below shows the difference betweendistance and displacement.

___________ = Length of the road

___________ = Length of the line AB

Example 1Every day Rahim walks from his house to the

junction which is 1.5 km from his house.Then he turns back and stops at warung PakDin which is 0.5 km from his house.

(a) What is Rahims displacement from hishouse

when he reaches the junction.

When he is at warung Pak Din.(b) After breakfast, Rahim walks back to his house. When he reaches home,

(i) what is the total distance traveled by Rahim?

(ii) what is Rahims total displacement from his house?

Definedistance &

displacement

Distance is

Displacement is


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Example 2 An aeroplane flys towards the north with avelocity 300 km/hr in one hour. Then, theplane moves to the east with the velocity 400km / hr in one hour.

(a) What is the average speed of theplane?

(b) What is the average velocity of theplane?

(c) What is the difference between average speed and average velocity of theplane?

Definespeed &

velocity

Speed is the rate of change of _____________.

Speed = Distance traveled Quantity: _________ SI unit: m s-1Time taken

Velocity is the rate of change of ______________.

Velocity = Displacement Quantity :_________ SI unit: m s-1

Time taken

Direction of velocity is the direction of displacement

Average speed :

v = Total distant traveled, sTotal time taken, t

Average velocity :v = Displacement , s

Total time taken ,

Uniform

speed

Speed that remains the same in

magnitude regardless of its direction.

Uniformvelocity

Velocity that remains the same inmagnitude and direction.

An objecthas anon-uniform

(a) the direction of motion changes orthe motion is not linear.

(b) The magnitude of its velocitychanges.


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAHExample 3The speedometer reading for a car traveling north shows 80 km/hr. Another cartraveling at 80 km/hr towards south. Is the speed of both cars same? Is thevelocity of both cars same?

Example 4A bicyclist starts from rest and increases his velocity at a constant rate until hereaches a speed of 4.0 m/s in 5.0 s. What is his average acceleration?

Strategy: (i) state the initial velocity =(ii) state the final velocity =

(iii) state the time taken =(iv) apply formula

Define acceleration and Deceleration

Acceleration, a is defined as

Formula & SI unit:

+ve a: The velocity of an object __________ from an initial velocity, u, to ahigher final velocity, v

-ve a: The velocity of an object ____________ from an initial velocity, u, to alower final velocity, v.

Zero Acceleration means:


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAHExample 5Observe the motion of a car in Diagram 1 (a) and Diagram 1(b).

Diagram 1(a) Diagram 1(b)

(i) Describe the changes in velocity of a car in Diagram 1(a). Is the caraccelerate or decelerate?

(ii) Describe the changes in velocity of a car in Diagram 1(b). Is the caraccelerate or decelerate?

(iii) Explain your answers in (i) and (ii) above.

Exercise 11. In table below state the comparisons between the terms given.

Distance Displacement Speed Velocity

2. You walk along a long straight school corridor for 55 m, then you turnaround and walk 30 m in the opposite. Finally, you turn again and walk 39m in the original direction and stop. What is your displacement from your

starting point?


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH3. A boy walks finish the following path AB.

Find(a) total distance traveled

(b) displacement

4. Fill in the blanks:A steady speed of 10 m/s A distance of _____ is traveled every ______

A steady velocity of -10 m/s A ________ of 10 m is traveled every _____ to

the left.

A steady acceleration of 4 ms-2 Speed goes up by 4 m/s every ________

A steady deceleration of 4 ms-2 speed goes _______ by 4 m/s every ____

A steady velocity of 10 m/s _______________________________________

Note:KINEMATICis the study of motion of objects but does not consider the causes ofmotion . It came from the Greek word kinema , meaning motion the same rootfrom which we get the word cinema.

Ticker timer: It is connected to an _____ power supplyof 50 Hz. When it is turned on, the ironstrip will vibrate 50 times per second.

The time taken to make 50 dots on theticker tape is 1 second. Hence, the timeinterval between 2 consecutive dots is1/50 = 0.02 s.

1 tick is defined as ____________________________________________________.

Relating Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAHActivity 2:Method of calculation

STEP 1 : Determinat ion of t ime / t ime taken for 1 t ick.

Time taken for 50 ticks = 1 second

Time taken for 1 tick = _______ s

Time taken from A to B = _______ ticks = _______ s

STEP 2 : Determinat ion of d isplacement

The displacement of the object is determined by measuring the length ofthe ticker tape that is pulled through the ticker time

Displacement from A to B = _________ cm

STEP 3 : Determinat ion of veloci ty

Velocity, v = displacementTime

= _____/ _________ cm/s = ______ cm/s

STEP 4 : Determinat ion of accelerat ion

From the first strip: Initial velocity, u at AB =

From the last strip: Final velocity, v at DE =

To investigate motion in laboratory meanIve to determine distance / displacement,speed/ velocity, time and acceleration/


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAHThe time interval, for the change in the velocity, t =

Acceleration, a =

Making a speed-time graphTicker tape gain from the experiment:

Can you describes motions from these tapes?

__________________

__________________

_____________________


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAHExersice 2

1

Based on the figure above,calculate the acceleration .

Solution

2

The figure above shows a ticker tapecontains 5 ticks for every intervalAB.BC.CD and DE .Calculate theacceleration.Solution

3

The diagram above shows a ticker tapechart for a moving trolley. The frequencyof the ticker-timer used is 50 Hz. Eachsection has 10 dots-spacing.

(a) What is the time between two dots.

(b) What is the time for one strips.

(c) What is the initial velocity

(d) What is the final velocity.

(e) What is the time interval to changefrom initial velocity to final velocity?

(f) What is the acceleration of the object


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH4 .The following figure shows a tape

chart.Calculate

(a) the acceleration(b) the average velocity

Solut ion

Activity 3 : To identify the types of motion

TICKER TAPE AND CHARTS

Type of motion:________________________________

Distance between the dots:

Distance between the dot___________ uniformly

the velocity is of the object is___________ uniformly

The object is moving at a uniform____________.

Distance between the dots____________ uniformly The velocity of the object is

____________ uniformly The object is experiencing

uniform _______________


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAHActivity 4: To determine displacement, average velocity and acceleration

Apparatus: Ticker timer, trolley, 12 V power supply, runway, ticker tape, rulerProcedure:1. Raise one end of runway to a reasonable height.

2. Pass the ticker tape through the ticker timer and attach it to a trolley at the topof the runway.3. Switch on the ticker timer and release the trolley.4. When the trolley comes to a stop, cut the tape.

5. Mark and cut the tape into 10-tick strips from the start of the first clear dot6. Paste the 10-tick strips side-by-side on a paper to make a tape chart.

Find 1s strip Last strip

The displacement of the 10-tick

The time covered for the 10-tick strip

Average velocity over the 10-tickStrip

Change in velocity between the two10-tick strip

Time taken for the change invelocity

Acceleration

Conclusion:When an object with ______________ velocity, it experiences ______________


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAHPaste your chart tape here.


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v = u + at .(1)

s = u + v t ..(2)2

s = ut + at2..(3)

v2= u2+ 2as ..(4)

Where s :

u :...

v :...

a :

t :

Exercise 3

1. A car accelerates from rest to 25 m s

-1

in 4 s. Find the acceleration of the car.

2. A car accelerates from rest at 3 ms-2along a straight road. How far has the cartraveled after 4 s?

3. A car is traveling at 20 m/s along a straight road. The driver puts the brakeson for 5 s. It this causes a deceleration of 3 m s-2, what is the cars finalvelocity?

4. A car moving with constant velocity of 40 ms-1. The driver saw and obstaclein front and he immediately stepped on the brake pedal and managed to stopthe car in 8 s. The distance of the obstacle from the car when the driverspotted it was 180 m. How far is the obstacle from the car after it stops.

Solve problems on linear motion with uniform


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAHTUTORIAL 2.1 :LINEAR MOTION

1. Which physical quantity is equalto displacement? (2010)

Time

A. SpeedB. VelocityC. DistanceD. Acceleration

2. The acceleration of a car movingwith a constant velocity will beA. increasedB. constantC. zeroD. decreased

3. An object which decelerates willmove with . velocityA. a negativeB. a positiveC. an increasingD. a decreasing

4. Muthu cycles from his house tothe shop. While coming back, hestops at Ahmads house.

What is his displacement from hishouse?A. 300 mB. 400 m

C. 1 100 m

5. Which of the following is trueregarding the motion of an objecthaving zero acceleration?A. The object is not movingB. The object is moving with

uniform velocity

C. The object is at rest or moveswith uniform velocity

D. The object is moving withmaximum velocity.

6. A tick from a ticker timer isA. time interval between twoconsecutive dots on a tickertape.

B. distance between twoconsecutive dots on a tickertape.

C. frequency of vibration from theticker timer

D. velocity of vibration from theticker timer.

7. Which statement is true about theticker tape shown below?

A. Velocity between CD is low.B. Velocity between DE and

velocity between AB are equal.C. Frequency between BC is

higher than DE

D. Time between AB is equal withthe time between DE

8. The diagram shows a ticker tapewhich is pulled by a trolleythrough a ticker-timer offrequency 50 Hz.

The average speed of the trolleysmotion is

A. 0.2 ms-1

B. 0.3 ms-1

C. 0.4 ms-1

D. 0.5 ms-1


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH9. Average velocity from P to Q in

the ticker tape below is

A. 85 cms-1

B. 170 cms-1

C. 200 cms-1

D. 240 cms-1

10. Based on the ticker tape below,calculate the acceleration.

A. 2 ms-2

B. 4 ms-2

C. 5 ms-2D. 10 ms-2

11. Calculate the acceleration.

A. - 50 ms-2

B. - 500 ms-2

C. 50 ms-2

D. 500 ms-2

12. The diagram below shows a tape

chart which is produced by amoving trolley. The frequency ofthe ticker-tape timer is 50 Hz andeach stripe of ticker tapecontains 5 ticks.

What is the trolleys acceleration?(1994)

A. 20 cm s-2B. 200 cm s-2C. 240 cm s-2D. 400 cm s-2

13. Which of the following motioncharts shows a motion ofuniform acceleration? Eachsection of the ticker tapeconsists of 10 ticks.

14. A motorcycle is moving withvelocity of 10 ms-1and reaches a

velocity of 25 m s-1

after 3seconds. What is itsacceleration?A. 15 ms-2

B. 8.3 ms-2C. 11.7 ms-2


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH15. A trolley starts from rest and

reaches a velocity of 12 cms-1after 5 seconds. The distancetraveled by the trolley is

A. 16 cm

B. 24 cmC. 28 cmD. 30 cm

16. A lorry is moving with a velocityof 20 ms-1brakes suddenly andstops after traveling 40 m. Thetime taken to stop is

A. 10 secondsB. 8 secondsC. 6 seconds

D. 4 seconds

17. Diagram below shows the pathtravelled by a car from P to S.

What is the displacement of the car?(2007)A. 5.0 kmB. 6.8 kmC. 8.2 kmD. 9.0 km

18. Question 1: Melaka Mid 08Ali walks to the north for a distanceof 300 m. He then turns west andwalks for another distance of 400 mto reach Pak Kassims stall.

Diagram 1 shows the path taken byAli.

Diagram 1

(a) Distance is a Tick () the correct answer inthe box below

Scalar quantity

Vector quuantity

(b) On Diagram 1, mark an arrow toshow the displacement made byAli

[1 mark]

(c) What is the total distancetravelled by Ali?

..........................................................[1 mark]

(d) Ali then walks home for anotherdistance of 500 m. What is thetotal displacement made by Ali.

..........................................................[1 mark]

x


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SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH19. Question 3: N9 2010

Diagram 3 shows a diagram ofstroboscopic photographs of amoving toy car.

(a) Explain the type of motion from Ato B and from B to C, shown bythe car in Diagram 3.

A to B :

B to C: [2 marks]

(b) What is the acceleration of thetoy car from A to B? Explain youranswer.

..........................................................[2 marks]

(c) Distance from A to B is 6 meterand the toy car took 20 secondsto reach B. The mass of the toycar is 0.5 kg.

(i) Calculate the velocity of thetoy car from A to B.

[2 marks]

20. SPM 2011 Question 2Diagram 1.1 shows a trolley movingdown an inclined plane. The tickertimer vibrates at frequency 50 Hz.Diagram 1.2 shows the ticker tapeproduced by the motion of the trolley.

Diagram 1.1

Diagram 1.2

(a) Underline the correct answer inthe bracket to complete the sentencebelow.The type of current used in the tickertimer is (direct current, alternatingcurrent).

[1 mark](b) Based on Diagram 1.2,

(i) one tick is represented by thetime taken from point .......... topoint ..............

[ 1 mark]

(ii) compare the distance betweenPQ and ST.

[1 mark]

(iii) state the type of motion of thetrolley.

[ 1 mark]


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Linear Motion.exercise

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