LINEXTM

air separationplants.

→ Linde Engineering: Air separation

Contents.

02

3 Introduction

4 Global engineering and fabrication facilities

6 LINEXTM air separation plants

The processCapacities

8 Proprietary equipment

9 Plant reliability and availability

10 Project execution. Low cost and short delivery time

11 Day-to-day performance

Plant operationHealth, safety and environment

12 Contact

Linde Engineering: Air separation

03Linde Engineering: Air separation

The Linde Engineering Division is a leading international manufacturer of capital goods and equipment.

Linde Engineering´s areas of activity cover design and con-struction of turnkey industrial plants as well as a full range of engineering services for process plants. To date, the Engineering Division has built nearly 2,800 air separation plants and has numerous patents registered in the Linde name. With extensive engineering know-how accompanied by many years of experience in project management and general contracting, the Engineering Division has estab-lished its standing as an expert partner in international plant construction.

LINEXTM is a trademark of The Linde Group

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Linde Engineering: Air separation

The Linde Engineering Division is a global company that develops technology and plant concepts. The Division’s global engineering and fabrication centres operate under the leader-ship of the centres of competence in Pullach and Schalchen.

Global engineering and fabrication facilities.

Tulsa

Houston

São PauloJohannesburg

Taipeh

Moscow

Beijing Dalian

HangzhouSeoul

VadodaraRiyadh

Al-Khobar

Gothenburg

Dresden

RomeBlue BellHolly Springs

Samara

Abu Dhabi

Engineering operations Sales offices

Aldershot

Pullach/SchalchenPratteln/Pfungen

Hesingue

Linde Engineering (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., ChinaLinde Engineering Dresden GmbH, GermanyLinde Engineering Division, Pullach, Germany

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Linde Engineering Division, Pullach, GermanyHeadquarters of the Linde Engineering Division, located in Pullach, 10 km south of Munich, approx. 1,900 engineers and other specialists. Global competence centre for air separation plants.

→ Corporate research and development → Global product management → Sales → Basic and detailed engineering → Site services

Linde Engineering Dresden GmbH, GermanyEngineering centre for Eastern Europe and CISwith 480 engineers and other specialists.

→ Sales → Detailed engineering → Site services

Linde Engineering (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., ChinaEngineering centre for China and South-East Asia, located 120 km south of Shanghai, approx. 230 engineers and other specialists.

→ Sales → Detailed engineering → Site services

Linde Engineering Schalchen Plant, GermanyGlobal competence centre for fabrication, approx. 700 skilled crafts-men and engineers. 80,000 m² floor space. Fabrication of:

→ Coldboxes → Rectification columns → Structured packing → Plate-fin heat exchangers → Coil-wound heat exchangers → Other plant components

Linde Engineering (Dalian) Co., Ltd., ChinaFabrication centre for China, approx. 230 skilled craftsmen and engi-neers. Total area of 87,000 m² (30,000 m² sheltered). Fabrication of:

→ Coldboxes → Rectification columns/condensers → Direct contact/evaporation coolers → Molecular sieve adsorbers → Coil-wound heat exchangers

Linde Engineering India Pvt., Ltd.Global detail engineering centre, engineering centre for India. Approx. 740 engineers and other specialists.

→ Detailed engineering → Site services

Linde Engineering North America, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USAEngineering centre for US and NAFTA, approx. 30 engineers and other specialists.

→ Sales → Detailed engineering

Linde Process Plants, Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma, USAEngineering centre for US and NAFTA, approx. 240 engineers and other specialists.

→ Sales → Detailed engineering → Site services

Linde Process Plants, Inc., Catoosa, Oklahoma, USAFabrication centre for NAFTA area, approx. 160 skilled craftsmen and engineers. Workshop area with about 15,000 m² (3,250 m² sheltered).Fabrication of packaged air separation plants.

Linde Engineering: Air separation

Linde Engineering India Pvt., Ltd.Linde Engineering Schalchen Plant, Germany Linde Engineering (Dalian) Co., Ltd., China

06 Linde Engineering: Air separation

LINEXTM air separation plants.

Air filter

CW

CW CWSteam

Power

Power

Power

M

M M M M

M

Main air compressor Precooling unit Molecular sieve Booster air compressor

LINEXTM air separation plants represent a new product line that transfers the benefits of the successful modular concept from the packaged air separation plant range to ton-nage plant sizes. The benefit is significant economical advantages compared with fully tailor-made plants.

LINEXTM air separation plants achieve very attractive on-stream times by combining substantially shorter equipment fabrication and delivery times with a flawless construc-tion, commissioning and plant start-up.

The process

Not only the plant, but also the process is mod-ular. As such, the various product splits and liquid requirements can be optimised. The process is based on all state-of-the-art air sep-aration technologies, such as internal com-pression (IC) for GOX and GAN as well as high-efficiency cryogenic rectification. Furthermore, options are available for split GOX pressure levels, cryogenic argon production and cryo-genic rectification of other rare gases, such as krypton and xenon, as well as external com-pression to complement the internal compres-sion. Of course, the requirements of the appli-cation are taken into consideration. A number of process options allow plant performance to be optimised with regards to requirement pro-files as well as utility availability and cost. Power-saving measures and heat utilisation are important aspects in this cryogenic process.

The superiority of this process is grounded on over 100 years of experience in air separation technology. Linde engineers have an in-depth understanding of the entire air separation proc-ess, and they are equipped with advanced engineering tools and methods for process design and optimisation. Linde-owned work-shops worldwide fabricate proprietary equip-ment, which guarantees best performance in key process steps. And together with their main suppliers for rotary equipment, Linde has driven optimisation of key equipment. The company has built approx. 2,800 cryogenic air separa-tion plants in more than 80 countries and has thereby dealt with different market require-ments, ambient conditions and utility provi-sions. This is the basis for Linde’s leading mar-ket position.

07Linde Engineering: Air separation

IC GOX 1

LOX

IC GOX 2

LP GOX

P GAN

IC GAN

GAN

LIN

IC GAR

LIN injection

LAR

Crude Kr/Xe

Options/variations

Power

GOX IC

KrXeSystem

GAN IC

Ar IC trans

Power

G

G

M MM M MM

Turbines

Coldbox

Cryogenic liquid pumps

Argon system

Capacities

The inherent flexibilities within the process and the modular plant design concept allow best customisation of the product split and the product capacities within the four main frame sizes of the LINEXTM plant. The machinery cov-ers the entire range with efficiency variation within a 1 percent band.

Product capacities from 800 to 2,550 tpd (tons per day)

oxygen nitrogen total liquidLINEXTM 1000 800 ̶ 1,150 150 ̶ 2,200 0 ̶ 300LINEXTM 1500 1,100 ̶ 1,650 250 ̶ 3,200 0 ̶ 350LINEXTM 2000 1,500 ̶ 2,150 400 ̶ 4,100 0 ̶ 400LINEXTM 2500 1,900 ̶ 2,250 550 ̶ 4,900 0 ̶ 400

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Proprietary equipment.

Linde Engineering: Air separation

Tray columnsPackingsAluminium plate-fin heat exchanger

Linde’s key proprietary equipment for air separation plants includes plate-fin heat exchangers, packings and columns as well as radial molecular adsorbers. These com-ponents can be manufactured in various Linde workshops worldwide.

The in-house knowledge and experience in the manufacture of these essential plant compo-nents are the main contributing factors to the high plant efficiency regarding product purity and power consumption. Furthermore, this ex-pertise is the basis for Linde’s leading position in the air separation market.

The project-specific engineering of these com-ponents is based on Linde´s knowledge and design tools and ensures a reliable perform-ance in all plant operating modes. What's more, Linde technology and equipment allows for best-in-class turn-down efficiencies.

One of Linde´s main workshops close to Munich, Germany

09Linde Engineering: Air separation

Plant reliability and availability.

The Linde availability and reliability concept is based on the fully functional split of the air separation plant and the backup system, which together form the supply system. The entire system boasts reliability of very close to 100 percent.

Such high reliability is economically realised by clever placement of redundant equipment throughout the plant, a meaningful selection of shelf spares and a reasonable sizing of back-up storage. This critical design process is based on Linde’s long-term operation experience utilising the recorded data for MTBF (mean time between failures), and MTTR (mean time to repair) and under consideration of the re-quired reliability for the process in question.

In addition, all key equipment as well as elec-trics, control and instrumentation is sourced from internationally renowned and Linde- approved manufacturers. The focus is always on the highest quality and reliability available.

PlantThe plant encompasses all process, utility, electrical and other equipment associated with producing gaseous and liquid products.

Backup systemThe backup system includes all equipment as-sociated with storage and delivery of vapor-ised liquid to the pipeline customer.

Supply systemThe supply system is the combination of the plant and the backup system.

CAD view of a LINEXTM plant

10 Linde Engineering: Air separation

Project execution. Low cost and short delivery time.

Heavy coldbox equipment is lifted into place (LINEXTM 1500)

The modular plant concept allows Linde to utilise its global network of workshops. Vast experience from the Linde packaged plant product line flows into the pre-fabrication of equipment. This expertise is coupled with first-rate site fabrication and erection based on many decades of involvement in a wide range of environments.

The drivers for the definition of the project-specific execution model are not only local labour cost, but also availability and quality aspects. Moreover, the start-up time can be positively influenced by pre-fabrication and pre-testing of key modules.

Whatever plant execution model is selected, customers can be assured of state-of-the-art Linde technology approved and controlled by Linde’s headquarters in Germany. And global procurement as well as global construction ensure that the execution phase also benefits from advantages inherent to the different local markets.

11Linde Engineering: Air separation

Day-to-day performance.

Plant operation

The Linde operation concept allows full remote operation of the air separation plant with only limited site manning during short time periods. In addition, Linde offers global remote support through its own specialists.

The state-of-the-art process control system is designed to support steady-state operation as well as smooth, remote changes between different operating modes. Highly sophisticated process control functions allow automatic load changes without operator interaction. The system can also deal with minor plant upsets and return the plant to stable opera-tion. If during this time single products do not comply with specifica-tions, supply is automatically switched from plant to backup. In case of more severe circumstances, the plant automatically switches to a safe condition, whilst the backup takes over the supply of all products with-out any operator interaction. Local operation personal is only required for plant start-up, routine checks and maintenance.

Health, safety and environment

The entire air separation plant is designed in accordance with interna-tional safety regulations and recommendations in regard to pressure vessels, cryogenic liquid and electrics (IEC, OSHA, EIGA, and CGA). Linde’s own stringent safety standards are also integrated. This adherence to health and safety regulations coupled with our design philosophy en-sures best-in-class protection of the health and safety of our employees as well as the surrounding environment. The process and its safety fea-tures are under continuous review, which is fuelled by Linde’s ongoing operating experience. On top of that, our engineering, fabrication and execution processes are certified according to ISO 9000 and ISO 9001.

Project-specific HAZOP studies ensure highest safety standards for every single plant. The highly efficient Linde components for heat transfer and air separation together with advanced rotary equipment from lead-ing sub-vendors ensure low power and utility consumption. The very compact design of the plant reduces land requirements to a minimum.

Control room of an air separation plant

Linde AGEngineering Division, Dr.-Carl-von-Linde-Strasse 6 –14, 82049 Pullach, GermanyPhone +49.89.7445-0, Fax +49.89.7445-4908, info@linde-le.com, www.linde-engineering.com

Air separation plantsPhone +49.89.7445-2612airseparation@linde-le.com

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Get in touch – find the best solution.

Linde’s Engineering Division, a leading player in the international plant engineering business, covers every step in the design, project management and construction of turnkey industrial plants. Drawing on our extensive, proven process know-how, we set the standards for innovation, flexibility and reliability with ground-breaking concepts and a dedication to engineering excellence.

The success of our customers and partners around the globe is of primary importance. With a clear focus on efficiency, sustainability and growth, we develop customised solutions for projects of all sizes and degrees of complexity. We have already delivered more than 4,000 plants worldwide and always aim to find the best technical and economic solution for our customers.

Core competencies in plant engineering: → Air separation plants → LNG and natural gas processing plants → Petrochemical plants → Hydrogen and synthesis gas plants → Chemical plants → Adsorption plants → Cryogenic plants → Biotechnology plants → Carbon capture and utilisation plants → Furnaces, fired heaters, incinerators

Core competencies in component manufacturing: → Packaged units and coldboxes → Coil-wound heat exchangers → Plate-fin heat exchangers → Cryogenic columns → Cryogenic tanks → Air-heated vaporisers → Water bath vaporisers → Spiral-welded aluminium pipes

Engineering excellence – every step of the way.