Lim, JooheeNam, Yujin
Park, Nari
Linguistic IssueLinguistic Issue
In New In New ZealandZealand
Contents
• Past
• Present
• Future
Language of New Zealand
• Official languages
• Native languages
• Immigrant languages
Multilingual society
The History of Immigration
• Polynesian settlement
• Migration from 1840
• Post World War II migration
• Introduction of points-based system
Polynesian settlement
• In the 13th Century The Polynesian ancestors of the
Maori
• Unique ‘Maori Culture & Language’
Late of 18th Cen.• 1769, James Cook
– The First inflow of English
• 1792,The First English-speaking settler
– From penal colony in Sydney
• The 1840 Treaty of Waitangi
– From Australia and Britain
– Maori were outnumbered
Post World War II migration• 1950,Accepted 5,000 refugees• A labor shortage
– A bilateral agreement for skilled migrants Netherlands
• End of 1960, a large demand for unskilled labor– From the South Pacific
points-based system
• 1987, a new Immigration Act– Classified migrants on their skills,
personal qualities and potential contribution to NZ economy and society
• 1991, Requiring IELTS score
Maori English
• English spoken by Maori • ethnic dialect and social dialect• Representing desire for their
solidarity
• Maori grammar applied to EnglishEx) ‘plural’ is showed in a definitive
Languages of NZ
• The number of languages listed for New Zealand is 4. Of those, 3 are living languages and 1 is a second language without mother-tongue speakers.
www.ethnologue.com
Languages of NZ
1) Living languages ① English : Spoken by 95.9% of people
② Maori : Spoken by 4.1% of people ③ New Zealand Sign Language(24,090)
2) Second language ① Pitcairn-Norfolk
www.ethnologue.com
Languages of NZ
• Afrikaans, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Fijian, Hakka Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Niue, Pukapuka, Samoan, Tahitian, Tokelauan, Tongan, Tuvaluan, Yue Chinese, Arabic…
www.ethnologue.com
New Zealanders vs. other ethnic groups
NzersOthers
Ethnic groups in NZ2006 census
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
European Maori Asian PacificPeoples
Other
20012006
Percentage of population born overseas
2006 census
0
5
10
15
20
25
1996 2001 2006
percent
Rankings of Nine Most Common Overseas Birthplaces in the 2006
Census, Compared with 2001 census
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000
England
China
Australia
Samoa
india
South Africa
fiji
Scoyland
Korea
New Zealand English
• Close to Australian English
• But has several subtle differences - more affinity with southern England
English - influence of Maori speech - the flattened I
www.en.wikipedia.com
Dialects within NZ English
• One group of speakers is recognised as having a distinct way of talking
→ the south of the South Island (Murihiku) harbours a "Celtic fringe" of people
• Because this southern area formed a traditional repository of immigration from Scotland
www.en.wikipedia.com
Immigration Regulation
• First restriction were imposed in 1881
• The prejudice against Asians, especially Chinese
• Since 1986, the policy has broken discrimination against non-British
www.teara.govt.nz
Immigration Regulation
• Money and English ability are required
- Immigration Amendment Act 1991 : A modest level of English was required. Business immigrants were expected to transfer at least NZ$150,000 to New Zealand. Ability in English language was assessed at interviews
www.teara.govt.nz
Education in New Zealand www.minedu.gont.nz
1.Early childhood education – culturally appropriate
2.Primary and Secondary schools – free for New Zealand citizens and permanent residents
3. Tertiary education – equitable and affordable access
The provision of flexible pathways for study
Early child hood Education• education and care for young children and infants from birth to six• A wide range of early childhood services is available
English – the medium language
Maori , Pacific island or other language
Birth – 5 years old : 60%
3 years old : 90%
4 years old : 98%
* Participation rates for different ethnicities vary
In New Zealand early childhood education services are not state-owned, provided or managed
www.minedu.gont.nz
Primary and secondary school Education
Schooling is available to children from age 5 and is compulsory from ages 6to 16
1.Primary school
start at year 1 and continues until year 8
2. Secondary school
covers years 9 to 13 ( during which students are aged 13 to 17)
• Most schools are English language medium,
but some schools teach in the Maori medium.
• Kura Kaupapa Maori- based on Maori culture and value
www.minedu.gont.nz
NCEA
The National Certificate of Educational Achievement
• the national senior secondary school qualification.
• NCEA level 1 is comparable overall to these qualification.
- the British General certificate of secondary education
- Canada or The U.S. grade 10
- year 10 awards in a number of Australian states.
http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/index.html
Tertiary education • All aspects of post-school education and training
• 36 public tertiary
- 8 universities
- 21 institutes of technology and polytechnics
- 4 college of education
- 3 wanaga (maori tertiary education institutions)
Bachelor’s degrees from New Zealand tertiary education providers are comparable overall to:
• British Bachelor’s degrees
• Australia bachelor’s degrees
• 895 private training establishments,
- which include private English language school, registered by the NZ qualification Authority.
- Preparation programs for the IELTS and TOEFL
www.minedu.gont.nz
English language provision
conclusion