Linguistics

Aleksandra Kasztalska

akasztal@purdue.edu

Rule ordering

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Rules with

features

Identifying

featuresCompoun

dsMorpho.

trees

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Identifying features $200

Which segment is…?

[+approximant] m ʃ e g d[-round] u o ʊ ɛ ɔ[+sonorant] f t t͡ʃ z ɹ

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Identifying features $400

Which segment is…?

[-distributed] w s ŋ θ v[+tense] æ ɛ ə ʊ o[-front] ʌ e æ ɪ i

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Identifying features $600

Which segment is…?

[-dorsal] ʃ w n b ʔ[+low] i æ ʌ ɛ i[-tense, -low] ɛ o æ u i[-round, -high] o ɪ ə u e

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Identifying features $800

Which segment is…?

[-son, +con, +cor, +ant, +dist, -voice][-del. rel., +labial, +voice][-high, +low, +front, -back, -tense, -round][-son, +con, -lab, -dors, -cor +spr glottis]

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Identifying features $1000

Which segment is…?

[-high, -low, -front, +back, -tense, +round [-approx, +son, +cor, +ant, -dist, +voice][+del. rel., -cont, +cor, -ant, +dist, +voice][-cons, -syll, +labial, +dors, -voice][-high, -low, -front, -back, -tense, -round, +stress]

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Rules with features $200

Write the following rules using distinctive features:

/p/ [b] / V __ V/θ/ [s] / #__ [m n ŋ]

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Rules with features $400

Write the following rules using distinctive features:

/i u/ [e o] / [z d n] __/ʊ u o ɔ/ [ə] / [h] __ [ʔ]

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Rules with features $600

Write the following rules using distinctive features:

/ʃ/ [h] / [f v] __#/ɪ ɛ æ/ [ə] / [w j l ɹ] __/p f m b/ ø / #__ [t͡ʃ ʃ]

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Rules with features $800

Write the following rules using distinctive features:

Voiced alveolar fricative becomes devoiced word-finally

Palatal glide becomes labiovelar when between two fricatives

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Rules with features $1000

Write the following rules using distinctive features:

Retroflex liquid gets deleted after affricates and stops

Vowels and glides get inserted between two consonants

Velars become fronted when preceded by nasals, fricatives and affricates

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Morphological trees $200

Draw the morphological trees for the following words and compounds:

zombiesarchipelagoenlarge

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Morphological trees $400

Draw the morphological trees for the following words and compounds:

stimulatingjustificationunibrow

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Morphological trees $600

Draw the morphological trees for the following words and compounds:

photobombpennilessunconsciousness

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Morphological trees $800

Draw the morphological trees for the following words and compounds:

irrationallybootyliciousbottle opener

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Morphological trees $1000

Draw the morphological trees for the following words and compounds:

deliverancemisunderestimatedhumble bragger

Decide whether each of the following compounds is endocentric, exocentric, or copulative/appositional.

drama queenover-ripepoet-doctorgirlfriend

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Compounds $200

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Compounds $400

Decide whether each of the following compounds is endocentric, exocentric, or copulative/appositional.

snail mailkeyboardoutfoxsteelworker-father

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Compounds $600

Decide whether each of the following compounds is endocentric, exocentric, or copulative/appositional.

lawsuitear-splittingpeanut-butter sandwichOhio-Idaho game

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Compounds $800

Decide whether each of the following compounds is endocentric, exocentric, or copulative/appositional.

BeetlejuiceAustria-Hungaryman-wife teampet sitter

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Compounds $1000

Decide whether each of the following compounds is endocentric, exocentric, or copulative/appositional.

cost-benefit analysisround tabletrigger happyTeenage Mutant Ninja Turtlescopypasta

Finnish has the following rules:

Rule: Diphthongization (a long vowel becomes a diphthong) /e:/ [ie]

Rule: [g] Deletion ([g] gets deleted when between two vowels) [g] → ø / V __ V

Now, consider the following Underlying Representations and their corresponding Surface forms: Word 1 Word 2 UR ve: tege PR vie tie

1. What rule ordering between Dipthongization and [g] Deletion is needed to derive the above Surface form? In the space below, provide the two possible derivations and, in prose, explain which one is correct.

2. What kind of interaction exists between Nasal Assimilation and [g] Deletion, based on your analysis above? BACK

Rule ordering $200

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Rule ordering $400Uruguayan Spanish has the following rules:

Rule: Vowel Lowering (a long vowel becomes a diphthong)/e/ [ɛ] __ C

#

Rule: Final [s] deletion ([s] gets deleted at the end of a word)[s] → ø / __#

Now, consider the following Underlying Representations and their corresponding Surface forms:

class classesUR # klase # # klases #PR klase klasɛ

1. What rule ordering between Vowel Lowering and Final [s] Deletion is needed to derive the above Surface form? In the space below, provide the two possible derivations and, in prose, explain which one is correct.

2. What kind of interaction exists between Nasal Assimilation and [g] Deletion, based on your analysis above?

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Rule ordering $600French has the following rules:

Rule: Schwa Deletion ([ə] gets deleted at the end of a word)[ə] ø / __ #

Rule: Final Consonant Deletion (consonant gets deleted at the end of a word when the next word starts with a consonant)C → ø / ___ # C

Now, consider the following Underlying Representations and their corresponding Surface forms:

little boy little girlUR # pətit # gars # ɔ̃ # pətitə # fijə #PR pəti gars ɔ̃ pətit fij

1. What rule ordering between Schwa Deletion and Final Consonant Deletion is needed to derive the above Surface form? In the space below, provide the two possible derivations and, in prose, explain which one is correct.2. What kind of interaction exists between Nasal Assimilation and [g] Deletion, based on your analysis above?

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Daily Double!!First, select an amount of points you want to bet, between 0 and your current point value.

Next, answer the question(s) below. If your answer is correct, you will receive the wagered amount—but if your answer is incorrect, the amount will be deducted from your points.

If you answer incorrectly, other groups will get a chance to answer your question and to receive half the amount YOU wagered with no penalty for an incorrect answer.

Ready??

Alix Spiegel, the author of the article Can grammar win elections?, disagrees with other researchers’ analysis of grammatical aspect as it pertains to observed attitudes. Instead, he proposes his own analysis of aspect and attitude, using examples like:

Last year, I was rekindling my relationship with my spouse, but we never quite managed to succeed.Last year, I was having an affair with my assistant, but we never quite managed to succeed.

1. Explain the other researchers’ interpretation of aspect and attitude.2. Explain Spiegel’s interpretation of aspect and attitude.

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Rule ordering $1000Standard American English has the following rules:

Rule: Nasal Assimilation (nasal assimilates place of articulation of following stop)[+nasal] [αPoA] / [αPoA, -del. rel.] __

Rule: [g] deletion (A consonant assimilates in voicing to an immediately preceding sound.)[g] ø / __ #

Now, consider the following Underlying Representations and their corresponding Surface forms:

finger singer long longerUR fɪngɹ sɪngɹ lɔng lngerSR fɪŋgɹ sɪŋgɹ lɔŋ lɔŋgɹ

1. What rule ordering between Nasal Assimilation and [g] Deletion is needed to derive the above Surface forms? In the space below, provide the two possible derivations and, in prose, explain which one is correct.

2. What kind of interaction exists between Nasal Assimilation and [g] Deletion, based on your analysis above?

This is a wug.

Now there are two of them.

There are two _______ .

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Decide which feature is missing in each set:

[g] = [-del. rel, +dors][ð] = [-son, +con, +cor, +dist, +voice][l] = [-approx, +son, +cor, +ant, -dist][ɛ] = [-high, -low, +front, -tense, -round]

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Read the following questions and find the answers.

Q: wət ɪz ɪt ðæt ju kæn kip æftəɹ gɪvɪŋ ɪt tu sʌmwən ɛls?

Q: wət pɑpjələɹ tivi ʃo wəz nemd æftəɹ ə sɪŋɪŋ vɔjs?

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In your own words, define defective distribution and provide an example.

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List ALL the types of pronouns that we mentioned in class (there were 7).