Linking BIM -...

RC-90Research Committee on Building Innovation through BIM

−In search of BIM linkage beyond the boundaries of design / construction / operation

Linking BIMPublic Ver.1　（20170719）

Foundation for the Promotion of Industrial Science

FY2016 Report & Proposal

Research Committee (RC)-90

RC-90 BIM 1

RC-90 Research Committee on Building Innovation through BIM 2016

Research Committee MembersRC90 : Research Commitee 90

Secretariat： Foundation for the Promotion of Industrial Science

Yashiro Laboratory, The University of Tokyo

Institute of Industrial Science

Particiants： Autodesk, Inc.

Obayashi Corporation

Building Maintenance & Management Center

Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc.

Shinryo Corporation

Nikken Sekkei Ltd.

Japan Facility Management Association: JFMA

Observers： Building Research Institute

Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

Nihon Sekkie, Inc.

Magori Lab, IIS, UTokyo

YKKAP Façade PTE. LTD

Former participants:

Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation (FY 2015)

No. of Sessions： FY2015: 4

FY2016: 9

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In the field of industries/projects aiming to connect the bes t poss ib le next-generation buildings (hardware, software and operations) to the building users, a panoramic view from a higher perspective of BIM (Building Information Modeling) was taken to see its positioning as one of the strategies/players that operate with the right resources in the right place.

It is well known that the operation of BIM requires organizations, processes and project field structure based on concepts that differ from the traditional ones, and that there is a need to provide infrastructures and foundations for such operation.

However, it is clear from domestic and overseas cases that the use of BIM will not necessarily solve all industrial issues.

Today’s building industry employs a wide range of technologies, with more emphasis on the need for highly informatized information management. We must question what will be enabled as a result of introducing BIM in such context. It is clear if one takes a panoramic view of the field that there is a need among the industrial stakeholders to build mutual understanding regarding the project domains which can be connected by BIM, and to clarify the positioning of the use of the technology. It is deemed important, based on such perspective on management of technology, to cultivate a common view on the introduction of the technology and

Linking BIM

processes of BIM.

Such common view will allow us at the same time to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the building industry, and to confirm the direction to be taken in the fields of design, production, operation, education and management. I t also allows us to reconfirm the technological advancements that is being aimed at.

The Research Committee discussed challenges in reaching the goal statement: “How next-generation connected buildings are created” by taking a panoramic view of the evolution of new industrial/project fields enabled by BIM as one component of innovation in building production.

R C - 9 0 , w h i c h r e c o m m e n d s t h e aforementioned perspective, is released to the industrial field so that feedback based on diverse perspectives can be obtained.

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When looking toward the future of building production, insights are needed on new events and past events related to “relationship (of stakeholders)”, “decision-making frameworks”, “design” and “organization” while presuming various backgrounds. “Further improvement (of the building industry) due to newness” is expected beyond the crossing point of the new and old events.

Direction for industry and backgroundShift in... -in the nature of industry dynamics-in building types-in production methods(shift in product architecture)-in quality(evaluation and benchmarks)-in Japanese design-build system-Fluidization of subcontracting system/procurement-in the creator of working drawings (models)-in contractee(diversification of building servicing)-in the balance of risk-takinguse of operation-based information (energy/maintenance/business)-Nature of overseas projects-Decrease of builders

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Project fields where next-generation

Japanese buildings are produced

through information flow generated by collaboration among industrial resources

Perspectives of the Research Committee

The individual building projects, albeit small, are contributing to the establishment of the nature of next-generation building industry. Trials and errors are made repeatedly with regard to the introduction of BIM. While none of these individual cases are perfect, the direction and the nature of the fields responsible for the production of next-generation Japanese-style buildings are starting to emerge when many entities take a panoramic view of multiple projects.

　In order to analyze and gain feedback from the individual projects, 10 frameworks deemed as industr ial resources are provided to serve as the perspective for taking a panoramic view of the project fields.

How would each resource connect and reach the goal statement “How next-generation connected buildings are created” in the end, and which processes would be connected and generated by which benefit of BIM? The aim is to identify the focus areas through such evaluations.

FIELD WORKS

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Linking BIM 10 Lines

１ BIM ROI　（Hitoshi Murai）

２ BIM Life Cycle Design

（Takashi Izato）

３ BIM Development Management　（Kazuo Hamaji, Tetsuya Hishida）

４ Concurrent BIM （Kensuke Yasui）

５ BIM Reliability （Hiroshi Miyagawa, Masahiro Fukushi, Tomoya Kaneko）

６ BIM Sharing　（Tomonari Yashiro）

７ BIM Approval　（Masaki Muto）

８ BIM Players　（Hidetaka Yachi, Naoya Kumadaki, Akio Ino, Koichiro Kawamura）

９ BIM Pilot Project　（Yu Morishita）

１０ BIM Roadmap　（Yu Morishita）

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10 components supporting the “Game” in the “Project Field”

When building production is regarded as a project field, management of production information through BIM can be seen as nothing but a game. In this paper, the essential elements of the “Game” are summarized into short columns as “Linking BIM 10 Lines”.

While each “Line” cannot be explained in a small number of pages, efforts were made to summarize the relationship between the “Lines” mainly by referring to the key discussion points of the Research Committee. It is hoped that making cross-references when reading the explanations would assist the reader in gaining a perspective for taking a panoramic view of the project field.

RC-90 Research Committee on Building Innovation through BIM 2016RC-90 BIM 8　

BIM（Building Information Modeling）A solution for applying information contained in a database of a building, where property data such as cost, finish, management information is added to a computerized 3D digital model of the building, to all processes from building design to construction and maintenance management, and the new building workflow that relfelcts the required changes.

ROI

The impact/benefits gained from the investments made for the introduction of BIM, including initial costs such as software and hardware, as well as labor costs associated with data building management and operations/data entry.

LCD（Life Cycle Design）Planning of the entire life cycle of a building, from project initiation to demolishing. In the past, the main players changed due to the different area of expertise required in different stages of the life cycle, which tended to limit information sharing and end up with partial optimization. Taking a panoramic view of the life cycle enables total optimization with information sharing across different areas of expertise.

FM（Facility Management）Japan Facility Management Association (JFMA) defines FM as “business management activities for comprehensive and controlled planning, management and utilization as well as the usage environment of all facility assets owned or used by corporations and organizations from a business management perspective”. It signifies activities for utilizing assets such as land and buildings from business management perspectives that goes beyond mere property administration of buildings.

Refer below for the simple descriptions of the terminologies which need to be defined clearly to summarize the discussions of the Research Committee.

LOD（Level of Development / Detail）Level of detail of BIM models, represented as LOD100, LOD200, etc. Level of detail refers to the granularity of such content as the shape, dimensions and other property information. The larger the LOD value is, the higher the level of detail becomes. While there is no clear standard in Japan, the general guideline would be: LOD100 – schematic drawing; LOD200 – basic design drawing; LOD 300 – detailed design drawing; LOD 400 – execution drawing; and LOD – completion plan.

LOA（Level of Accuracy）An index representing the error between the actual building and the BIM model. Actual measurements are taken with 3D laser scanners, etc.

U.S. Institute of Building Documentation (USIBD) recommends LOA10 to LOA50.

BIM Execution Plan

Also known as BEP, which is an essential agreement for any project that uses BIM. Project stakeholders discuss and agree on the execution method of information entry, confirmation, sharing and management in advance, and the agreed content is issued as a requirement definition document.

BIM Ledger

Means and conventions that allows multiple entities to understand and share the way the content discussed and decided for each phase of the project is translated into BIM data. For example, describing the key performance elements known during the basic design phase on BIM would enable smooth finalization of the specification in the detailed design phase.

Glossary

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Concurrent Engineering

A concept mainly used by the manufacturing industry. A methodology for reduction of development lead time and cost through cross-functional information sharing and collaboration while running multiple processes related to product development concurrently.

Front Loading

Application of load at the initial stage of design to accelerate task execution. By building a 3D model and applying the required property information to the model at the onset of the design phase, quality of the design can be improved through discussions and simulations that leverage information provided by such model.

IPD: Integrated Project Delivery

Manner of collaboration among the project stakeholders, such as the orderer, designer, builder and specialty construction vendors from the onset that enables effective decision-making.

BIM Player

Human resource who executes complex and advanced information management in BIM. Due to the nature of the projects, a wide variety of processes are used in the building industry – a BIM player’s role is to understand the status of the design information and enhances the required connections.

BIM Library

BIM components l ibrary provided by Building Maintenance and Management Center where building component data are aggregated and provided to BIM users on their Website.

GIS（Geographic Information System）An information system for comprehensive management and processing of location information data (spatial data) triggered by geographical location. The data is presented visually to enable advanced analysis and quick decisions.

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1 BIM ROI

What are the impacts of introducing BIM?

BIM (= Building Information Modeling) connects information required for buildings, and the connection of information will generate a wide range of benefits for both the orderer and the order receiver. On the other hand, if the objective is not clear, it could end up with excess amount of information and hinder communication of the intent. In order to gain higher levels of efficiencies and more benefits compared to conventional design (= ROI) through the use of BIM, it is important to clearly define the specific connections of information as the objective.

Figure: Rendering of a drawing that enhances information communication effectiveness Source：http://kenplatz.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/bldproduct/14/675669/052900210/bim160531.pdf

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According to the survey conducted by McGraw-Hill Construction in 2013, 75% of the contractors responded that use of BIM generated positive ROI (return on investment) through reduction of errors / defects and rework. ※ 1.

While the use of BIM can lead to utilization of a wide range of information and rationalization not only in the construction phase but throughout the project life cycle, additional allocation of management resources and investments to address additional workload associated with information entry would be required.

As of 2017, while there is no general measurement metrics, it is important that the project participants share the values that they expect from BIM and define an appropriate level of implementation in order to achieve higher project ROI.

ROI 1: Orderer’ Business Strategy / Project ROI

Use of BIM will enhance the connection of information during the design and execution phases and enable smoother discussions and rationalizations. Furthermore, connecting information will bring a wide range of benefits not only to the builders but also to the users.Compared to the use of 2D drawings, the use of 3D data at verification process will improve spatial recognition and understanding, and the imbedded properties and their consolidated information will assist verification of the specification and understanding of the cost. For example, more accurate and advanced decision-making, such as expediting the planning of building uses / operations after completion, will be enabled. It is also expected to serve as a database of information needed for operation and renovation ( ⇒ 2) for FM and monitoring after the completion of the building. Thus, a framework not only for the “creation” but also for the “usage” of the building is required when considering BIM ROI.

ROI 2: Order Receiver’s Construction Tasks / Project ROI

During the design and execution phases, improved information communication will prevent rework due to inconsistency/lack of information and expected to rationalize the project compared to the conventional initiatives.

Both the design and execution phases have multiple entities responsible for entering information, and require compatibility of software and data formats. Therefore, it is important to plan an agreement on consolidation and streamlining of information, especially in the early stages of design. ⇒３ Furthermore, during the phase where the drawing is handed over from design to execution, establishment of a mechanism to ensure reliability to improve the communication effectiveness of the generated information ⇒ 5 will become a major challenge.

Figure 1-1　BIM ROI Expectations of Contractors (By Country)

Figure 1-2　ROI Types (Orderer / Business Strategy)

※ 1-1 Source：McGraw-Hill Construction, Business Value of BIM for Construction in Major Global Markets SmartMarket Report 2014 <http://redstack.com.au/lib/pdf/Mcgraw_Hill_BIM_ Report.pdf>

Figure 1-3　ROI Types (Order Receiver/Construction operations)

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Brief　→　BIM　→　FM　→　De

2 BIM Life Cycle Design

Design Information as Building Life Cycle

“Model First, Data End, BIM Data Connection from Planning to Operation”　Morishita (20161010) developed from, P. M. Teicholz, BIM for facility managers. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. pp7, 32.

When one takes a panoramic view of a building life cycle, it is clear that many activities and many people are involved. Not only the orderer (sponsor), architect and the contractor but also the property manager and building users are involved with different relationships, but in each case it is through information that their respective activities and stakeholders are connected. So far, the majority of the information is contained by the stakeholder(s) involved. However, the picture changes completely once BIM is installed as the basis of information sharing. A system where all stakeholders associated with the building can share values can be established by taking a panoramic perspective and putting rules in place.

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BIM Life Cycle Design

BIM LCD 1: Composing FM

Building information is essential for FM. BIM is strong with such information as properties and positions of spaces and components which make up the building, which is very useful for FM tasks. However, information required for creating a building is slightly different from that required by FM tasks. For example, while accuracy of positions and shapes is mandatory for FM tasks, high level of details is not always required. The required property items, as well as the level of accuracy and detail, differ depending on the type of FM task. When applying BIM building information to FM, there is a need for the stakeholders to agree on the content and the level of detail, timing of hand-over and roles and responsibilities. Such agreement is not only required when the information is created – updating along the building life cycle such as renovations and repairing must not be forgotten.

BIM LCD 2: Lifecycle of Information and Building

Adding information pertaining to renewal cycles, service life and price to BIM will enable visual representation of the repair/renewal plan and calculation of asset value. Through coordination and comprehensive management of various records managed on the ledger with 3D positioning information will improve the efficiency and sophistication of management. By clarifying the objective and selecting the appropriate methodology, BIM could serve as an effective means not only for new but also for existing buildings. Consolidation of a library of information which should be shared by the society, and the establishment of the mechanism for using such information, is ongoing. Indeed, information is making its way towards the building life cycle. Furthermore, advancement of geographical information services is a sign of the inherent value of building information. By coordinating building information with new systems, new services such as indoor autonomous driving can be realized. Providing such information and new services to building users will increase the value of buildings.

Figure 2-1　BIM and Building Life Cycle

Figure 2-2　Information on BIM

※ 2-1Source：Algorithm Design Lab

Figure 2-3　Potential of Building Information※ 2-3 Source:MLIT: Material from “Tokyo Station and Surroundings - High Precision Positioning Social Project” <http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001067985.pdf>

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3 BIM Development Management

Laying the Foundation of Project Flow

The environment for producing buildings, which constitutes the background for BIM, differ from nation to nation. However, the key for successful use of BIM lies in the preparations to make sure benefits are generated in each project phase while taking into consideration the characteristics of the specific design and construction. To achieve this, “standardization” of information entry and planning the “conventions” for execution will be effective. Furthermore, “BIM Players”, responsible for various aspects of progress management, such as checking if the plan is executed as originally set, are important. ( ⇒８)

National Institute of Building Science: https://www.nibs.org/?nbgoPenn State University: http://bim.psu.edu

GSA: https://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/105075

University of Florida: https://www.bcn.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/BIMAS2015Proceedings.pdfIndiana University: http://www.indiana.edu/~uao/docs/standards/IU%20BIM%20Guidelines%20and%20Standards.pdf

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BIM Development Management -1

BIM Guideline

A guideline describing the usage of BIM in a project is created by the respective orderer based on their business strategy needs. Guidelines issued by US and other overseas orderers include a plan on the use of BIM (model + properties) within FM after completion, allowing the data builder to enter information in consideration of its usage. Templates that match the specific business and organization are selected and referred to, and amended as needed, from a guideline reference pool of the orderer to create such BIM guidelines.


BIM Execution Plan

BIM Execution Plan defines the usage of BIM within each project. It is created as a certificate of terms and conditions based on the accumulated knowledge and experience of the contractor prior to executing the agreement with the orderer, and updated in accordance with the BIM Guideline. Assignment of specialists and team building are important aspects when creating BIM Guideline and BIM Execution Plan – engagement of consultants would be required in some cases.

BIM Development Management -3Communicate Information with Brief

A brief is a communication tool to facilitate “mutual confirmation of the intent” among the stakeholders that continue to evolve even after completion, consisting of the objective, limitations, requirements and related laws and regulations It is referenced during the construction phase to supplement information not covered by the design documents, serving as evidence for deciding the policies in the event of specification change, etc. After completion, it can be used as a reference document for commissioning and business evaluation.


Work Flow and Management Process

It is effective to define the work flow LOD milestones (critical path: Standard Milestones) and the output (deliverable) LOD milestones (critical points: Use-Case Milestones) to specify the amount, type and accuracy of the information which should be contained in the model by project phase.

Various forms of BIM Execution Plan

*Currently the details are not covered in the agreements in Japan.

MDS

(Model Development Specification)

MDS is used to specify the amount, type and accuracy of the information which should be contained in the model in each project phase by defining the common language pertaining to the development of the model among the stakeholders. It is used not for “standardization” but as a means to confirm the “conventions”, “arrangements” and “specification” for connecting. Technical guidelines for LOD are created by each working organization.

MIDP

（Master Information Delivery Plan )

MIDP is a template used in parallel with MDS to understand the level of sharing and phases. The connection of BIM data itself is created by setting which data at what level of accuracy should be exchanged with whom at which phase, and whether or not everybody should be involved with the entry of overall properties.

PIP

（Project Implementation Plan )

Provides information on the resources ( p e r s o n n e l , I T c a p a b i l i t i e s ) o f organizations taking part in the specialty contractor.

Figure 3-1: Process for establishing “Conventions” between orderer and order receiver

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4 Concurrent BIM

Ahead, Harmonize, Connect

RUG20170117

鉄骨　解析線分(Digital Data)

設備ネットワーク線分(Digital Data)

構造図は２Ｈ以降まとめ作業なので先行してデータを渡せる？S ファブ。 ECI ／基本性能発注の場合

3D 検討はここまで 2D で図面アップ

ボリューム検討

シミュレーション

ゾーニング法規チェック仕様

外装外観イメージ外装仕様

コスト

基礎・杭

屋根レベル・勾配



コスト確認大概算

天井伏図天井伏図

建具

矩計検討

壁種検討

仕上表仕様

階段検討区画図・防水範囲

平面詳細図

特記仕様書・面積

スケッチ、メモ / Sketch デジタルデータ / Digital Data凡例 /legend

作業

作業

作業

作業基準階高

コア計画

プラン計画　仕様・諸元表

構造形式ピット検討構造検討　ピット / 床荷重 / 床レベル

設備検討

機械室・機械シャフト・EV機械室・シャフトスペース

機械室スペース

シャフトスペース

電気室スペース

シャフトスペース

設備スペース登録図設備ゾーニング図

設備ゾーニング図

機器プロット図メインルート図空調詳細図自動制御図

負荷計算機器選定省エネ計算

電源集計・照度計算省エネ計算省エネ計算

盤リスト・幹線リスト等

メインルート図

機器表

床置の機械設備・衛生機器

原単位による概略空調計算・給排水計算

フロー図システム検討設備方針

システム検討電気方針

環境目標・BCP 条件・インフラ条件

単線結線図

系統図

系統図

クリティカルな部分のダクト・配管

環境目標・BCP 条件・インフラ条件諸元表法規チェック

諸元表法規チェック

全ての機械設

特記仕様書特記仕様書まとめ

特記仕様書特記仕様書まとめ

計算書まとめ

機器表・器具表まとめ

計算書まとめ

盤リスト・幹線リスト等まとめ

空調平面図

電気設備図

給排水平面図外構図

省エネ計算

給排気詳細図

メインダクト・メイン配管

主要な電気機器

梁せい、スリーブ、耐震壁、スリーブ調整

照明器具プロット

天井伏調整

床置機器の荷重登録荷重登録

荷重登録概略荷重登録

階高・天井高さ検討

床置の電気機器

（主要部分）梁せい、スリーブ、耐震壁、スリーブ調整

原単位による負荷計算

クリティカルな部分の幹線

天井伏調整

高さ調整

概略ガラリ登録

天井伏登録

天井伏登録

スリーブ登録

ドアガラリ等登録

スリーブ登録

ガラリ登録

（主要部分）梁せい、スリーブ、耐震壁、ブレースの調整梁せい、スリーブ、耐震壁、ブレースの調整

ＥＶ

ＷＣ

敷地条件・施主要望・工費・グレード・スケジュール・発注方式

プラン

コア

縦系統

設備

水回り検討項目

検討項目

検討項目

検討項目

外装

コスト

天井

断面

シミュレーション

条件

平面検討

シャフト

天井機器

システムフロー

条件

ガラリ等

構造取り合い

荷重登録

高さ検討

計算書

平面図

平面図

機器表

プランフィックス

平面検討

シャフト

天井機器

システムフロー

条件

構造取り合い

荷重登録

平面図

高さ検討

機器表

断面方針ボリューム架構計画基礎計画方針決定設備スペース仮登録大概算

（建築）

（構造）

（ＭＥＰ）

( 積算 )

（建築）

（ＭＥＰ） (ＭＥＰ)

（建築）

（構造）（ＭＥＰ）

（積算）

（構造）（ＭＥＰ）

スパンコア配置階高・天高システム決定

平面プラン決定主要部分断面決定概略ガラリ位置決定部材レイアウト仮定断面設備スペース登録主要部分の断面調整主要機器のスペック仮決定

一般図決定断面・立面決定区画図決定ガラリ決定部材レイアウト確定断面設備スペース決定設備ルート決定設備機器スペック決定

構造計算書、構造図設備図

計算書

計算書

構造図

計算書

計算書

計算書

計算書

計算書

構造計画

荷重の設定

一貫構造計算

小梁・床

基礎・杭

間柱・耐風梁・他

詳細

条件地盤調査敷地条件（地震・風・雪・敷地データ・高低測量）

解析モデル（柱・大梁・耐震壁・ブレース）（仮定断面）

荷重（用途・スペック）荷重再定義（作成）荷重表（確認）

二次部材（小梁・床）（仮定断面）

二次部材（間柱・耐風梁・庇・階段・屋根・外装材）

詳細図（鉄骨継手・仕口・鉄筋モデル）

基礎・杭（仮定断面）

架構計画・構造材料 / 基礎計画 / 土工事計画

省エネ計算

電気スペース登録図

解析モデル（確定断面）



( 建築 )

( 構造 )

建築

設計

構造

空調

衛生

電気

積算

施工

行政・申請

クライアント

企画設計横方向 / 行為、ふるまい

縦方向 / 目に見えるもの、データ

基本設計実施設計前半実施設計後半施工会社へ繋げる情報確認申請

Items to be studied

Items to be studied

Items to be studied

Items to be studied

Conditions

Planning

Cores

Vertical shafts

MEP

Plumbing

Exterior

Costs

Ceilings

Sections

Simulations

Site conditions, client requests, construction costgrades (contours), schedule, contracting method Specifications

Study of volume

Image of external appearance

Very rough estimate

Simulations

Machine rooms, shaft space

Check on rules and regulations



Zoning

Exterior

Specifications, tentative specifications

PlanningCore planning

Structural types Study of pits

Machine rooms, machine shafts, EV

Typical floor heightReflected ceiling plan

Costs

Exterior specifications

Foundations, piles

Roof level, angle

Roof level, angle

Roof level, angle

Specifications

Study of wall types

Study of sectional details

Detailed plans

Study of stairs

Block plans, scope of waterproofing

Doors and windows

Study of structure Pits/floor load/FL

Study of MEP

Confirmation of costs

Reflected ceiling plan

Particular specifications, areas

Operation

Operation

Operation

Operation

Finish schedule

Conditions

Conditions

Conditions

Structural planning

Setting of loads

Consistent structure calculation

Details

Beams, floor

foundation, piles

Studs, wind-resisting beams

Site conditions　(Earthquakes, wind, snow, site, level)

Skeleton planning, structural members/foundation planning/earthwork planning

Loads (Uses, specifications)

Ground survey

Analytic models (Columns, girders, anti-seismic walls, braces) (Assumed sections)

Load redefinition (to be created)

Secondary members (Beams, floors) (Assumed sections)

Foundations, piles (Assumed sections)

Load list (to be checked)

Analytic models　(Fixed sections)



Secondary members (Studs, wind-resisting beams, eaves, stairs, roof, cladding)

Detailed drawings (Steel joints, connections, rebar models)

Calculation sheets

Structural Documents

Calculation sheets

Calculation sheets

Calculation sheets

Calculation sheets

Calculation sheets

Summary of calculation sheets

Summary of calculation sheets

System flow

System flow

Study of planes

Study of planes

Shafts

Shafts

Ceiling Equipment

Ceiling Equipment

Study of height

Study of height

Louvers, etc.

Connections among

Connections among

structural members

structural members

Load input

Load input

Plans

Plans

Plans

Calculation sheets

Calculation sheets

Equipment lists

Equipment lists

Environmental goals, BCP conditions, infrastructure conditions

Environmental goals, BCP conditions, infrastructure conditions

Machine room space

Shaft space

Shaft space

MEP concepts

Tentative specifications

Tentative specifications

Study of systems

Study of systems

FlowchartMachinery and sanitary equipment to be put on the floor

Ducts in critical parts

Adjustment for reflected ceiling

Adjustment for reflected ceiling

Study of floor/heights and ceiling heights

Input of rough louver data

adjustment for beam depth,sleeves, anti-seismic walls, and braces

(Main parts) adjustment for beam depth, sleeves, anti-seismic walls, and sleeves

Load input of machinery to be put on the floor

MEP zoning

MEP zoning

Rough calculations of air-conditioning and plumbing using a unit rate

Layout Drawing for Mechanical Service Room

Energy-saving calculations

Particular specifications

Particular specifications

All machinery and sanitary equipment

Main ducts and pipes

Equipment list

Louver data input

Arrangement for beam depths anti-seismic walls, and braces,

Arrangement for beam depths, anti-seismic walls, and braces

Load input

Load input

Load calculations Selection of equipment Energy-saving calculations




Equipment plots Route diagram of main pipes

Route diagram of main pipes

Summary of particular specifications

Summary of particular specifications

System diagrams

System diagrams

Reflected ceiling input

Reflected ceiling input

Input of door louvers, etc.

Sleeve input

Sleeve input

Air-conditioning plansAir-conditioningdetailed drawings Automatic control diagrams

Supply and exhaust detailed drawings Plumbing plans Outdoor facility drawings

Summaries of equipment list and tool list

Electrical concepts

Electrical rooms

Skeleton diagrams

Electrical equipment to be put on the floor

Feeders in critical parts

Arrangement for heights

Layout Drawing for Electrical Service Room

Approximate load input

Load calculations using a unit rate

Main electrical equipment

Plot of lighting equipment

Power supply calculations, illuminance calculations

Panel list, feeder list, etc.

Electrical drawings

Summaries of panel list, feeder list, etc.

Preliminary Design Schematic Design 1H of Design Development 2H of Design Development Construction Agency PermitSection conceptsVolumeSkeleton planningFoundation planningConcept decisionsMEP spaceTemporary inputVery rough estimation

( Architecture )

( Architecture )

( Architecture )( Structure )

( Structure )

( M E P )

( Cost)( 積算 )

( Cost)

( Cost)

( M E P )( Architecture )

( Structure )

( M E P )

( Structure )( M E P )

( M E P )

SpansCore arrangementFloor/Ceiling heightDecision about systems

Decision about plansDecision about sections of main partsDecision about schematic arrangement of louversLayout of membersAssumed sectionsInput of MEP space dataAdjustment for sections of main parts

Provisional decision about specifications of main equipment Decision about general drawingsDecision about sections and elevationsDecision about block plansDecision about louversLayout of members

Decision about MEP spaceDecision about the piping routeDecision about specifications of MEP equipment

Decision about sections

MEP drawingsStructural calculation sheets, structural drawings

Architecture

Structure

Mechanical

Plumbing

Electrical

Cost

Constructor

Agency

Owner

Design Phase

BIM Workflow (Cooperation Schedule between Architecture, Structure and MEP)

⑯

Sleeve data inputInput of floors and wall types

・天井開口（点検口）・ドアガラリ面積・窓ガラリ面積

Ceiling openings (access doors)

Area of door louvers

Area of window louvers

⑮

Models of secondary members

２次部材モデル

⑭

Conditions of openings開口条件

Foundations of machines機械基礎Louver input

ガラリ登録

⑬

Structure

構造Locations and sizes of louvers

ガラリの位置 , 大きさ

⑫

Ceiling openings (access doors)Area of door louversArea of window louvers

Power input

動力登録

⑪

Arrangement for beams梁調整Anti-seismic walls耐震壁Arrangement for bracesブレース調整Locations and diameters of sleevesスリーブ位置・径

Structural models of columns, girders, and beams柱・大梁・小梁の構造モデルModels of foundations and piles基礎・杭モデルBracing modelsブレースモデル

Is it possible to make a provisional decision about areas in this phase? (Request from MEP to Architecture)この辺りで面積の仮決定が出来ないか ( 設備→建築 )

建築・構造・設備

⑩

Equipment load data input

機器荷重登録Equipment locations

機器の位置

（空調方式、空調ゾーニング等）

（配電エリア、照度設定等）

負荷計算に関連するものは早めて欲しい（設備→建築）

⑨⑧

Arrangement for beams梁調整Anti-seismic walls耐震壁Arrangement for bracesブレース調整Locations and diameters of sleevesスリーブの位置・径

Need to decide whether a sleeve or the bottom of a beam is to be used (Request from Structure to MEP)スリーブ or 梁下通しを決定してもらいたい（構造→設備）

Equipment load data input概略機器荷重登録Equipment locations機器の位置

Arrangement of beam depths, anti-seismic walls, and braces梁せい・耐震壁・ブレースの配置

構造・仮定基礎・杭モデル

Need to study concepts of pit planning in this timing (Request from MEP to Architecture and Structure)このタイミングでピット計画の方針検討をしたい（設備→建築・構造）

⑦

Structure

Assumed foundations

Pile models

Locations and sizes of louvers

ガラリの位置・大きさ

建築・構造・設備

⑥

Need to consider louvers during architectural exterior planning

意匠的な外装計画にガラリ認識が必要

Approximate areas of louvers概略ガラリ面積

基準矩計

⑤

Ceiling model天井モデル

Typical sectional details

Locations of columns, beams, and floor heights柱・梁・階高位置Main uses of rooms部屋の主用途

Structural models of assumed columns, girders, and beams仮定柱・大梁・小梁の構造モデルModels of assumed foundations and piles仮定基礎・杭モデル

・梁せい、耐震壁、　ブレースの配置

　

④

Arrangement of beam depths, anti-seismic walls, and braces

Machine room space機械室スペースShaft spaceシャフトスペース

Models of columns, walls, beams, floors, studs andanti-windows beams柱・壁・梁・床・間柱・耐風梁のモデルAnti-seismic walls, braces梁せい・梁貫通ルールBeam depth, beam penetration rules耐震壁・ブレース

・機械室・シャフトスペース

③

Machine room space

Shaft space

ボリュームイメージコスト・面積コスト各室イメージ

チェック　

性能チェック　

外装 FIX

Room space部屋スペースApproximate room areas概略部屋面積

②

User of each room各室用途Assumed colums, beams, Locatioms of floor heigt仮定の柱・梁・階高位置Load Information荷重条件Base line (Request from Structure to Architecture)通り芯（構造→意匠への要望）

Anti-seismic grades耐震グレードBase isolation, Damping免震、制振

①

MEP grades

①耐震グレードの早期決定耐震グレード、免震、制振、耐震の判断は企画段階で決定

②構造設計開始に必要な情報建築→構造）構造形式検討依頼通り芯、記号を仮に入れる・コミュニケーションの座標として重要③設備設計開始に必要な情報建築→設備）機械室、シャフトスペース

用途、規模から計算で算出※建築としては参考図面があるとイメージしやすい

④建築建築プラン検討に必要な構造情報

⑤建築・構造・設備基準矩計スケッチで共有すべき情報基準矩計から構造設備が知りたいこと

階高、天井高さはもちろん、設備ベンドキャップが梁下か梁貫通か等外壁との納まりを確認したいＳ造だと足元のベースプレートのあり方を確認したい

⑥外壁検討は設備、構造的視点も重要外装検討外装検討は意匠的な部分はもちろん、窓、ガラリから採光、省エネ計算、排煙の検討を行

う機械排煙か自然排煙かは、コストの逆配分で検討し、基本設計の中で決定すべき実施設計前半で調整→自然排煙に変更→階高変更→基本設計調整と影響が大きい⑦ピット図設備ピットを基本設計後半でつくりたい。水槽のレイアウトが構造の高さに影響を与える

フロー図を元に危なそうなラインは勾配を検討→高さが決まる

⑧基本的断面方針スリーブ / 梁下等、断面決定に必要な方針が決まればよい小梁の加工形式まではあった方が良いデジタルモデュール

⑨設備

設備設計に必要な仕様情報仕上表から壁、ガラスの仕様を決めたい。実施設計中盤に出てくることが多いガラスの仕様はサッシメーカーとのやり取りが多く、フロントローディングが必要

⑩設備、構造のチューニング作業設備スペック、構造スペックの共有基本設計で決めた方針のチューニング作業設備検討の為、面積が欲しい

在来と異なり、面積連動が楽なので早めに行う

⑪協力会社からの情報ＥＶの動力と構造への確認がこのタイミングで必要工作物である EV 検討はＥＶ会社との打合せや検討時間が必要なのでフロントローディングが必要

⑫設備図面の意匠的チューニング設備図は最後まで図面化がかかってしまう。スリーブ調整、建築の意匠的調整を行う必要がある為、この段階で調整をするこの調整が無いと納まりを現場で直すことになり、手戻りが発生する折り上げ天井は基本設計で調整しておく

⑬開口条件の再確認チューニング

⑭構造2 次部材の調整。耐風梁等チューニング⑮開口の確認⑯設備→構造の確認

設備グレード

・敷地データ・高低測量データ・地域特有の条件・BCP 条件・法令・条例・環境配慮設計グレード・耐震グレード・予算状況・発注条件・建築主要望

Site informationlevelSite specificBCP levellaw and regulation Environmental goalAnti-seismic gradesBudgetOrdersOwner’ s wish

⑧・仮定柱、梁、床、部屋・カーテンウォール・階段、EV・建築干渉チェック・３D 内観ボリューム複数案⑨・一般図　平面、立面、断面・仕上表・面積表・イメージパース⑩諸元表

⑪・柱、梁、床、部屋・ドア、窓・屋根・手すり、スロープ、階段・天井・カーテンウォール・外構・干渉チェック⑭・一般図　平面、立面、断面・仕上表・建具表・展開図・面積表・完成予想パース

・諸元表

Personnel with project management capabilities to ensure harmonization is required in order to bring out the potential for concurrent collaboration among the project specialty knowledge teams enabled by BIM. Furthermore, data management skills to oversee the building life cycle is required at the same time as connecting information in a sophisticated manner.

Source: BIM Workflow, Revit User Group, Japan

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Concurrent BIM

In case of CAD, designing of specific structures and facilities started after the finalization of the plan to reflect changes in the building plan details discussed in the meetings with the client. With the emergence of BIM which uses the same model at all times enabled concurrent design (Concurrent BIM) ahead of time without the need to wait for plan finalization.

Harmonized design that allows sharing of the time schedule, changes and information among the designers is important to allow each department to work on their respective design efforts concurrently. Therefore, BIM Player is required to possess a high level of management skills.

In case of BIM, a comprehensive and panoramic management style (BIM Development Management) is required to connect the complex web of changes and information and share their impacts and effect with the teams.

Expediting the design discussions and policymaking through Concurrent BIM and sophisticated time schedule management has enabled Front Loading (FL). During the construction phase, Concurrent BIM will allow FL of such elements as BIM model approval. If design and construction are separated, FL is realized within each realm; FL in design-build format will be possible if the design and construction services are performed by a single contractor.

Concurrent BIM 1:Connect Information in a Sophisticated MannerIt is necessary to understand that a wide range of processes exist in the building industry due to the nature of the related projects, that the way they connect are different, and to identify the locations where connections are broken. In traditional design, management of such information was conducted by designers and project managers; a new function known as BIM Player, responsible for promoting connections, is required in the case of BIM where information management is complex and sophisticated. The method for connecting is shared with other teams in the same corporation as know-how, who in turn provide feedback, and results in high ROI. It is expected that information that goes beyond the boundaries of corporations and departments are communicated between design and construction through the use of BIM Ledger.

Concurrent BIM 2: Visualization of the Impact of ConnectionsIn order to execute the project, there is a need to properly evaluate the risk in the event the flow of information is disconnected and share connections with heavy impact (the Critical Link). At the same time, the Critical Path which will impact the time schedule must be managed by the team. In addition, information required throughout the life cycle of the building, from FM to reconstruction, must be shared from a panoramic perspective known as “Life Cycle Design” to connect data in each phase. Here again, the function for connecting data from the different phases and effectively connecting them to the database (Data Management) is important.

Figure 4-1　Concurrent Design Process

Figure 4-2　Categories of “Connections”

Figure 4-3　Life Cycle Design of “Connections”

RC-90 BIM 18　


5 BIM Reliability

Measurement, Reporting, Verification

The reliability of the BIM data is the key issue when connecting BIM data. Reduced reliability due to insufficient study was present with traditional CAD; it will adversely impact the reliability of the nature of the model as a building database in the case of BIM.

【Left】BIM Model (green) superimposed with the original point cloud data (gray) 【Right】BIM Model (green) superimposed with BIM Model created from point cloud data – different parts rendered in blue

RC-90 BIM 19


BIM Reliability 1: Evaluate Reliability of Connected Data

While BIM Manager ⇒８ strives to secure reliability by managing the generation of BIM Data according to the BIM Execution Plan ⇒３, an additional task to evaluate the reliability of the connected BIM Data becomes necessary. Especially in such cases where the exchange of BIM data involves payment, evaluation of reliability becomes mandatory. Evaluation services can be outsourced to third parties in cases where different entities such as architect office, contractor, specialty contractor and/or maintenance company are involved in data exchange.

BIM Reliability 2: Reliability of Available Data

In the building process, more parts get confirmed with the progression of the process. While the presence of unknown parts is unavoidable at the time of connecting the data, clarifying the confirmed and unconfirmed domains is one of the metrics in evaluating the reliability of data. The background information is indicated on the model or described in the BIM Ledger ⇒４ . Furthermore, point cloud data measured by 3D scanners can represent not only the shape of the existing objects but also the gap LOA (Level of Accuracy) between the model and reality.

BIM Reliability 3: Traceability of Information Flow

Traceability of information imposes a large impact on data reliability. Information flow and formats unique to BIM are prepared in the case of projects that use BIM. It must be possible to track back and evaluate the records to ensure traceability. Practically, the history management function of BIM software should serve this end.

Reliability 4: Real Time Information

Generating BIM data from a 2D drawing is like putting the cart before the horse, even if the data is accurate. Model First thinking is necessary, where orderer and player all alike, require the most up to date information in each phase. Throughout the building life cycle, a useful database will incorporate the information generated daily on a real-time basis prior to the actual process.

Figure 5-1　BIM Manager

Figure 5-2　Data Reliability and Traceability

・Uncompleted studies ・Inconsistencies neglected ・Unconfirmed mixed information ・Deviation from modeling rule ・Data entry error, missing data, etc.

Traceable

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6 BIM Sharing

Sharing Beyond the Project Boundary

RC-90 BIM 21


BIM Sharing 1: Sharing Within a Project

A design process is by no means single-linear – double-linear processes consisting of: identify requirements/constraints → create design proposal → evaluate/verify → review requirements or modify design proposal, are repeated.

The initial design proposal gets refined as contractors and specialty contractors feedback knowledge and information pertaining to Buildability. As described under Concurrent BIM ⇒ ４ , use of BIM facilitates sharing of information among the teams involved with the process, real time and including revision control, allowing the repetitive review and updating of the design proposal to be conducted more frequently. BIM Execution Plan must contain work flows and roles and responsibilities, as well as their critical paths, to ensure concurrent discussions.

BIM Sharing ２ : Sharing among Multiple (Corporate) Projects

Roles and responsibilities / work flows which worked well in a particular project cannot always be applied to other projects as is. On the other hand, in the same way as set sequences get established for the games of Shogi or Go, lessons and empirical knowledge (what was possible and what was not) related to BIM operation gained from individual projects can be made valuable for the creation and operation of BIM Execution Plan of another project. In particular, there is a need for “learning by doing” in such areas as dealing with the difference in the intended use of the building, identifying the root cause and the countermeasure for cases where front loading was not possible, how to generate impact from BIM, and the ideal way to collaborate beyond boundaries, to accumulate and systematize the empirical knowledge gained from the above. An environment which allows information exchange and discussions openly and beyond the boundaries between the designers, contractors and producers is of great value – establishment of an organization similar to technical research associations should be considered.

BIM Sharing 3: Sharing from Pilot Project

In order to accelerate “learning by doing’ to increase valuable feedback and set sequences for BIM Plan, constraints of regular projects must be loosened to encourage new and practical approaches. In particular, in view of the fact that there are very few cases where BIM is used in FM, it would be beneficial to promote a Pilot Project ⇒９ where information required for FM is delivered using BIM at the time of building handover.

BIM Sharing ４: Sharing to the Roadmap

There is a need to systematize the empirical knowledge gained from different projects to create a template for BIM Execution Plan, which should be utilized as educational material, as well as to establish new metrics for building production based on BIM.

Figure 6-1　Examples of items shared in repetitive process of a project

Lessons / empirical knowledge shared by multiple projects and accumulated

-Tips for creating and operating BIM Plan

-Difference depending on intended use of the building

-How to explain to/persuade stakeholders

-Tips for Front Loading

-Expected content

-Players to be involved

-Process for connecting

-How to generate and present impact

-Tips for collaboration beyond the boundaries of design, construction, production and operation

-Empirical knowledge on the type of property information and parameters to be handed over

-Accumulated examples and improvement flow for impact generation/presentation failures

Examples of Pilot Project Themes

-Building certification application/technical certification through BIM

-Orderer request order receiver to use BIM to deliver information required for FM

-Use BIM for IoT related to construction

-Things (management of construction material, sensors and embedded systems)

-Commissioning: evaluate/monitor actual performance based on design information

-Coordinate BIM information with control information of machine tools in the fabrication plants

-Progress management using BIM

-Manage information/things consistency using BIM (share administrative information , traceability)

-Video / image information

-Inspection/test/measurement data surveillance

-Completion inspection

How to run a Pilot Project

-Orderer initiates a project

-Proposal by order receiver (technical research association method, etc.)

-Collaboration between orderer and order receiver (consortium, etc.)

RC-90 BIM 22　


7 BIM Approval

Connecting with the Society

There is a need to consider the role of information provided through BIM in the society within individual projects, or in the city which is a collection of multiple projects, and ultimately how it is connected with the world of data.

※ Source：National Research Foundation Singapore: <https://youtu.be/QnLyy0owGL0>

RC-90 BIM 23


BIM Approval 1: Overall Connection of Industries

BIM should be used as information infrastructure common for all types of infrastructures and buildings, not only in individual projects but also within the ecosystem of the entire world of buildings. Society5.0 (the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan) proposes to use BIM as a social information infrastructure for cross-industrial connection such as transportation and social security.

Approval ２: Social Connections

Initiatives to link the external and basic drawings of approved buildings to Geographic Information System (GIS) to maintain and improve neighboring relationships in the urban areas is common in Scandinavian nations such as Finland and Norway. Some nations are developing a mechanism to store approved buildings that uses BIM in 3D GIS, which can be accesses by the citizens as social asset. ⇒４

Approval ３: Building Certification Application with BIM

Building certification application using BIM is not limited to submission of BIM model data; there is a need to grasp the advantages of BIM prior to implementation. For example, the focus of collaboration should be in areas where automation will clearly lead to rationalization to avoid such situations where the designer creates the building area details easily with BIM but the BIM data is beyond the scope of responsibilities of the examiner, who has to then use a calculator. ⇒５

Approval ４:Implications of BIM on Certifications and Reliability

If the purpose of building certification is to confirm the compliance of the “to be built” buildings, the purpose of interim examination and completion inspection is to confirm compliance “as build”. If environmental certification is considered as certification of the performance of a building after completion, feedback after completion will improve reliability. In order to make contributions to the improvement of building productivity, there is a need to regard the building production process based on such procedures as industrialized construction methods, and to establish the required social systems to rationalize certification inspections with the support of quality information provided through the use of BIM. At the same time, technical and policy-related discussions to secure the originality and authenticity of BIM information through application of electronic signature or other alternative technology will be required. ⇒５⇒６

Figure 7-1　Connection of Industries in Society 5.0

※ 7-1Source:Keidanren: In search of environmental improvement to promote data usage – towards the realization of Society 5.0 – [realization of super smart society through convergence of all industries and IT] http://www.keidanren. or.jp/policy/2016/054_honbun.html

Figure 7-4　Expectations for BIM usage in building certification

Figure 7-2　Approval phases of legal procedures for buildings

Figure 7-3　GIS Building Certification Administration System

※ 7-2 Source：bSI RR (material provided by Mr. Nick Nibset (AC3)

※ 7-3 Source:ByggLett (ByggSok: Norway Building Authority) Screen (http://bygglett.catenga.com/）

※ 7-4 Source:Building Research Institute　Vol. 73, Epistula

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8 BIM Player

Capability・Resource ManagementRoles of BIM Player in Japan as Defined in RC-90

BIM Owner（ O→ ）Inhibits unreasonableness and waste by making decisions as required from the client’s perspective, and leads the usage of BIM information as business management (FM) tool

＊ Required but currently missing in Japan

General BIM Manager（ G ）Creates and keeps everyone informed of BIM Execution Plan from project management perspective

＊ Tends to be generally known as BIM Manager outside of Japan

BIM Manager（ M→ ）Builds and ensures coordination of 3D models, including BIM consolidation and consistency management

＊ Tends to be generally known as BIM Model Manager outside of Japan

BIM Information Manager（ I--- ） Establishes information database, including evaluation of information entered in BIM and data quality

management

BIM Facilitator（ F→ ）Ensures smooth coordination of data between architect office, contractor, specialty contractor and client

＊ Required but currently missing in Japan

RC-90 BIM 25


BIM Player

In projects that use BIM, the role of players with knowledge and experience across areas of expertise in the industry are considered to be critical. Development of personnel with such expertise and knowledge, as well as discussions on the specific roles, are needed.

BIM Player 1: Roles to Connect BIM, Development of Specific Capabilities

Because each building project is highly unique, much is given to the discretion of BIM player to ensure smooth operation of BIM projects. In the current business practice, such roles are not clearly defined by project or by nation; BIM work flow includes “capability to generate object data and forms”, “capability to connect information” and “role of judging and approving information”. It is expected that, with the establishment of global personal authentication system and recognition of the role of BIM Player, capability development will be promoted ⇒ 10. Refer below for a “role” required to connect BIM.

BIM Player 2: Knowledge Pool

Information to be connected by BIM Player is packed with critical issues within the project, important design intent and wisdom. When information is passed on between people, the quality and amount of information is set appropriate to the requirements of the recipient. Information where the stakeholders are intended to have shared understandings is considered to be worth accumulating and shared as industrial knowledge. However, simply accumulating information will not warrant automatic improvement of its accuracy.

Cross-Project Accumulation

As AI (Artificial Intelligent) such as machine learning is expected to develop further, there is a possibility that information which had high degree of similarity and correlation in the past can be presented through analogy from an enormous amount of data. With humans deciphering the accumulated knowledge and IT calculating the automatically learnt risks, the optimum solution for BIM operation will become available. In order to improve the information generated and accumulated by BIM Player and implement a favorable cycle of knowledge, the individual engineering content should be consolidated to promote the establishment of a Knowledge Pool on an industrial level.

Figure 8-1　Conceptual Example of BIM Manager, etc.

※ 8-1 Source:ZIGURAT Global Institute of Technology [BIM Profile] <https://www.e-zigurat.com/international-masters-bim- manager/>

Figure 8-2　Connecting BIM Data

Figure 8-3　Example of BIM Plan Flow

Figure 8-4　Knowledge Pool

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9 BIM Pilot Project

Test Field :Establish Information Field Loop

In the fields of building projects where economical/temporal capacities, contracts, traditions and strategies of each project are related to each other in an intricate manner, conducting experiments on new technologies is not easy and met with hesitations in the fields of building projects. (Figure 9-1) Also, it is not easy to pick up specific elements deemed to represent the usefulness of new technologies out of a wide range of parameters, and feedback on technical operations tend to get buried in general discussions. Due to difficulties of information sharing between different corporations / industries there is a limit in the level of information sharing on BIM operation cases and specific details at present.

Figure: Applications of BIM to Public Office Buildings (top left) Shinjuku Labor General Office; (top right) Fujieda Branch Office, Shizuoka Regional Legal Affairs Bureau; (bottom left) Maebashi Regional Government Offices

Source：<http://www.mlit.go.jp/gobuild/gobuild_tk6_000094.html>

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Figure 9-1　Limiting factors of advanced technology/ tryout execution

BIM Pilot Project 1: Understanding the Level of Diffusion in the Field

Sharing BIM tryout cases from private sector projects openly and in detail is not easy due to security concerns and the need for coordination with the owner. While “Styles of Construction BIM” (2014, 2016) issued by the Japan Federat ion of Construction Contractors and “BIM Utilization Handbook for Facility Managers” issued by JFMA contain a few cases from the private sector, it is difficult to obtain perspectives on BIM ROI → １ or the overall impact of using BIM. While there is a need to deepen the understanding on BIM diffusion level from a panoramic perspective based on specific outcomes from government office construction cases, diffusion in government office construction remains a challenge due to cost.

BIM Pilot Project 2: Establish Connections

By pursuing individual cases of BIM operation, reports on cases that cover specific areas of assignments (i.e., design, construction and operation) can be found; however, very few case reports are written with focus on linkage, such as case where design and construction are linked, or cases where construction and operation are linked. BIM cases from the public sector are limited to those associated with individual processes, such as simulations during the design phase, zoning, or interference checking in the construction phase. There is a need to identify and discuss the types of information that are easy to connect and the nature of mutual coordination needed in pilot projects on BIM linkage – as shown in Figure 9-2, linkage must be recorded during in-process use to set focus on collaboration. →2

BIM Pilot Project 3: Sharing Linkages

What is needed is a “location” and “time” for overlaying inputs and knowledge of a wide range of entities or, in other words, a test field with the objective of providing systematic feedback information. (Figure 9-3) In order to link knowledge between the departments responsible for design, construction and operations, there is a need to discuss linking methods made possible by technology, and a mechanism for exchanging views based on the assumption that linkage will take place. In domestic industries where the top-down / standardization approached seen in the US is not deemed suitable, it is believed that provisioning of a shared infrastructure through location and time will lead to the development of competitive core technologies.

Figure 9-2　Pilot Project List

Figure 9-3　Providing open access to technical knowledge

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10 BIM Roadmap

Industry Roadmap: Signs of Changes and Implementation

There is a need to develop a perspective based on the feedback on the future images of the area of expertise of each other that takes into account not only technology itself but also the superimposed view of the roadmaps for information, organization, environment and energy that allows application of the technology, in order to plot the trends in technology on the timeline to speculate future developments. Furthermore, the plots on the timeline should have the perspective of future prediction with the possibilities of transformation in sight, in addition to the perspective of feasibility, so that approximation based on the ideal state and the shift from the currrent state can take place simultaneously.

Figure：BIM Maturity Model / BIM Wedge: Mark Bew and Mervyn Richards (2008)Source: https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/bim-levels-explained

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BIM Roadmap 1: Roadmap for “What should be created?”

With regard to the roadmaps for the target of production, there is a need to consider from a social perspective of what to produce and how to operate by plotting the objective and the assumed usage of the building, as well as the building types in the future, based on the notion that the business model for building operation may change with the advancement of ICT. The type of information needed to achieve the above is another important perspective.

BIM Roadmap ２：Roadmap for Technology

Environmental Data, Energy Data, BIM Library Information

As more and more building parameters including FM and operational data, such as environmental data, energy data and BIM library information (IoT and information related to physical components of buildings), become digitalized, there is a need to discuss the timing when such data will gain economic significance in the market as mass data.

In terms of simulation technology, there is a need to enhance the availability of input data from IoT with the advancement of software computation technology and build interoperability for BIM connection.

There is a need to consider what would constitute parameter data that will give shape to buildings in the future.

BIM Roadmap 3：Roadmap for Organization and Capabilities

Roadmaps will translate idealistic theory of technology introduction into an executable process and provide the connections needed for the Players in the field ⇒ ８ to implement. There is a need to paint a BIM roadmap at the same wave length as that for personnel development and aging population, by capturing the domain of tasks to be automated through AI, etc. inside the software, and the domain where human creativity is considered important on the timeline.

Once BIM introduct ion becomes de facto and not the beginning point, a need would arise to consider the subsequent technological advancements and what needs to be implemented now for its realization. A combined roadmap will serve as the foundation for such discussions. It would be important to make predictions about the industry on an ongoing basis, with some mistakes, based on the long-term and broad perspectives of as many entities as possible.

What is important with the roadmap is not the outcome accomplished, but the act of creating the roadmap itself by a group of entities with different perspectives and challenges, and holding a comparative perception about the future state is of significance. It is not a one-time exercise – it is important to keep on updating the perceptions at all times.

Figure 10-2　Roadmap

Figure 10-3　Synchoronization of Roadmaps

Figure 10-1　BIM Roadmap

※ 10-1 Source：<http://bim-level2.org/en/about/>

Date post:	19-Jul-2020
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