Linking Geography & History

in the Classroom

Penny LockeCassini Publishing

penny.locke@cassinimaps.com01488 648534

History of Map-making

• Maps are vital to geographers today but their history is an interesting story in itself

• Ordnance Survey’s first national series started to be published in 1805, inspired by the threat of French invasion

• A feat of 19th century ingenuity - it took surveyors 70 years to transport their theodolite from Kent up to the Scottish border, measuring the landscape and encountering angry villagers en route

© Crown copyright Ordnance Survey

• Cassini has combined, re-projected the original sheets and enlarged them to 1:50,000 to match Ordnance Survey Landrangers and included the National Grid to aid comparisons between maps of different eras

• Four historical series available (see next slide): 1800s (1805 - 1874)1890/1900s (1894 - 1908)1920s (1919 - 1926)1940s (1946 - 1949)

Grimsby, 1824 Grimsby, 1923

Grimsby, 1903 Grimsby, 1946

< Left: Old Series (1819)

< Left: Popular Edition (1920)

Right: Ordnance Survey Landranger®

(present day) >

Right: Revised New Series (1895) >

The National Grid is on all mapping to aid comparisons

Map formats• Folded maps that match Ordnance

Survey Landrangers®

• Laminated site-centred A3 sheets• Digital mapping from our partners,

including Memory Map, to be used on whiteboards and PCs with a multi-user licence

Digital Mapping• Allows you to select your own area (can be any

shape) from all our historical map series plus present-day OS 1:50,000 (Landranger)

• Software enables the maps to be displayed in a range of innovative ways eg 3D visualisation, route tracking and map tiling with simultaneous movement

• National Grid not included on all digital mapping products, but can easily be added.

• A revised version of the following module will be available to support the digital mapping

Memory Map screen shot

modern map 1800s map

Memory Map screen shot

modern map 1920s map

How can you use historical maps?• valuable resource for all local studies and

contrasting areas studies• an accessible introduction for lower KS2 to the

history of an area (as the historical maps clearly match the modern maps, they are very recognisable)

• a tool for KS3 to study various topics eg settlement development & change, population growth, transport systems, industry growth

• teaching or revising map skills for KS2/3• as a basis for imagining the past eg if you were

the son/daughter of the village carrier in the 1800s where would you travel? Who would you meet? What would you see? What goods would you transport? How much would you be paid?

Exploring Historical Maps Worksheets

• Worksheets are useful for both KS2 (unit 6 Investigating our local

area, Unit 12 How did life change in our locality in Victorian

times? Unit 18 What was it like to live here in the past?) and KS3

(map skills revision, local settlement development)

• Allow approximately one lesson for each of the eight worksheets

• Each worksheet includes Extended Learning for more able pupils and

often involves imaginative thinking

• Comprises student pack and teacher pack with notes and suggested

answers

• Designed to be taught by non-specialist teachers

• Can be used to introduce or revise map skills

• Worksheet summary follows

“The ideas on the worksheets were very useful - especially for my newly qualified colleague who needed some

pointers. My KS2 pupils were very enthusiastic about the maps and could easily cross reference

them.”Chris Gould, KS2 teacher, Surrey

“My year 7 geography club liked how the maps showed the changes in the area. I was able to challenge them to

work out why the changes happened. They liked the A3 format and would like to use them more in the

classroom.” Amy Lawrence, Tollbar BEC

Exploring Historical Maps

Worksheet Summary

1. Introducing Historical MapsUnderstanding the difference between the styles of old and new maps

Understanding the technologies used to create them

Basic mathematical calculation

Extended Learning

Imagining a 19th century interpretation of the modern landscape

Discussion of how the local area has changed

2. Key to the LandscapeUnderstanding the need for symbols and abbreviations on maps

Considering symbols and abbreviations on present-day and historical maps

Considering why the number and style of symbols and abbreviations on maps have changed over time (see next slide)

Extended Learning

Encourages pupils to imagine what features may appear on maps of the future and the symbols and abbreviations that might be

needed to represent them

3&4. 4-Figure & 6-Figure Grid References

Understanding how to locate a place on a map

Creating and using 4-figure and 6-figure grid references

Understanding the terms Eastings and Northings

Extended Learning

Using grid references to describe and locate grid references

Practical map-making exercise within the school grounds.

5. Scales & Distances

Understanding of the relationship between a map and the area it represents

Using mathematical calculations to establish areas and distances

Understanding the differences between maps of different scales

Using a map ruler

Extended Learning

Further work on area and distance including plotting a journey route

History Detectives - worksheet questions with answers from maps of Grimsby

area 1. Find two features that are on the modern map but not on the historical map

• Public telephone, level crossing, visitor centre, bypass, roundabout, electricity pylons, motel

2. Find two features that are on the historical map but not on the modern map

• Smithy, rifle range, workhouse, battery, coverts (other areas may have brick kilns, quarries, chalk pits)

• They no longer exist, or are no longer important enough to show

• Illustrate localised industry and horse-based transport

3. Find two features that are on both the historical map and the modern map

• church, river, moat, wood, house, road

4. Study your historical and modern maps to see if the place names are the same.

• Grid Ref: 283047 1824: Peak Farm 1903: Greenland Farm

• Grid Ref: 283067 1903: Peaks Farm Today: Peaks Tunnel Farm

5. What changes in the natural landscape are illustrated by the maps?

• change in coastline (particularly in sandy areas), deforestation, reservoirs, diverted rivers

Extended Learning

E1. What do the maps tell you about how the area has changed between the 19th century and today?

• population growth & industrialisation of urban areas: decline of railway growth of road network; rural areas changed little since 19th

century

E1. Compare all 4 historical maps. In which years did your nearest town change the most. Do you know why?

• Grimsby (see slide 4) changed most in the second half of the 19th century due to the development of the docks and the new rail lines.

7. Transport Development

Comparing the 19th century transport networks with those of today

Considering various transport methods and routes over the past 200 years

Imagining the transport methods of the future

Extended Learning

Comparing the impact of the landscape on transport between the 19th century and today

Using the maps as evidence of the popularity of roads vs railway through the ages

8. Urban Development

Using the maps to discover the extent of urban growth since the 19th century

Using skills learnt from previous worksheets to establish the area of urban districts now and in the past

Considering the reasons for and impact of this change

Extended Learning

Imagining how the area will have changed in 50 years time and why

For more information on:

1. Cassini Historical Maps print materials• Matching laminated A3 maps centred on your school from:

1800s (1805 - 1874)1890/1900s (1894 - 1908)1920s (1919 - 1926)1940s (1946 - 1949)

• Map rulers measuring miles and kilometres at 1:50,000• Exploring Historical Map worksheets

Contact Penny Locke at penny.locke@cassinimaps.com 01488 648534

2. Digital Cassini historical maps via Memory MapContact sales@memory-map.co.uk 0844 811 0950 or visit

www.memory-map.co.uk/historicalmaps