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Linking libraries to the real worlda tragicomedy in two acts
Ad AertssArte.nl Foundationhttp://sarte.nl/@adaerts
Lukas KosterLibrary Systems CoordinatorLibrary of the University of Amsterdamhttp://www.uba.uva.nl@lukask
ELAG2011 - Prague – May 25, 2011
Act one: Libraries
Lukas Koster as The Librarian
Ad Aerts as The Theatre Lover
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Curtain
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Example – Waiting for GodotSamuel Beckett
En attendant Godot (1949)
Waiting for Godot – a tragicomedy in two acts (1952)
A country road
A tree
Evening
Men in bowler hats
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Personal context
The Theatre Lover
Person
Interests
Background
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Library context
The Librarian
Copies
Publications
Shelves
Cards
Dewey
LCC
MARC
OPAC
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Estragon: ‘One knows what to expect’
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Estragon: ‘People are bloody ignorant apes’
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Library context – The catalogueSearch Subject area
Theatre
Godot
Personal context
Library context
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Catalogue results
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Vladimir: ‘Perhaps it’s not the right word’
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Catalogue results
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Estragon: ‘There’s nothing to show’
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Theatre contextPARADOX
Key concept: The PerformanceNothing remains, except ‘residuals’/’waste products’:
MemoriesSouvenir brochures
RecordingsObjectsTexts
ReviewsMetadata
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Theatre context
http://theaterinstituut.adlibsoft.com/
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Theatre context
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Out of context
Theatre
Personal context
Library context
Theatre context
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
In context
Theatre
Personal context
Library context
Theatre context
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Estragon: ‘Nothing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes, it's awful’
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
In context
Personal context Library context
Theatre context
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
In context
Personal context Library context
Theatre context
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
In context
Personal contextLibrary context
Theatre context
Set context before search:•Harvesting and Indexing•Merging•Search scopes•Personalisation
Set context after search:•Extending•Linking
= Metadata index + discovery tool = Linked data
Act two: The Real World
Lukas Koster as The Linker
Ad Aerts as The Nerd
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Next day
Same time
Same place
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Pilot project
Linking library catalogue data to theatre performance data
Dutch Digital Cultural Heritage Foundation DEN as instigator
http://den.nl/
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Vladimir: “We could start all over again perhaps”Estragon: “That should be easy”Vladimir: “It’s the start that’s difficult”Estragon: “You can start from anything”Vladimir: “Yes, but you have to decide”Estragon: “True”
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Why?
We are convinced
that Linked Data is
valuable and feasible
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Lucky: ‘For reasons unknown’
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Pilot Objectives Proof of concept Gather experience Added value for customers Set an example Convince cultural heritage institutions Convince TIN, UBA management
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Two sides
PublishUse
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Publishing linked data
URIs for all things
Preferably persistent
Return data in ‘machine readable format’
Triples/RDF/etc.
Vocabulary/ontology
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Using linked data
1. Construct URIs based on native metadata
2. Process returned RDF/Triples/etc.
3. Present results
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
A theatre play data model
‘Play’
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Theatre Things (Entities) Authors, actors, producers, etc. (persons) Plays (shows)
Productions Performances
Digital objects Photos, posters, sound, video
Physical objects Costumes, scenery, models, posters, photos, sound, video
…
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Library Things (Entities) Authors (persons) Books/holdings/items
(plays)
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
MatchingLibrary catalogue results – Theatre production database results
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
What we made
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
How we did it URIs
<base-url>/person/<personname> <base-url>/title/<personname>/<title> <base-url>/production/<personname>/<title>/<opening date>
Requested by OPAC
Returned by TINTogether with data
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
How we did it - URIs
<base-url>/person/Beckett, Samuel
<base-url>/title/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot
JavaScript/JQuery
HTML
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
How we did it - JSON
jsonTIN({ "name":"Beckett, Samuel", "birth.country":"Ierland", "birth.date":" 1906*", "birth.place":"Foxrock", "death.date":"1989-12-22", "death.place":"Parijs", "titles":"/gettitles/Beckett, Samuel"})
<base-url>/person/Beckett, Samuel
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
How we did it - JSON
<base-url>/title/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot
jsonTIN({ "production":[ "/production/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot/1988-07-28/5777", "/production/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot/1988-11-22/6750", "/production/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot/1992-04-16/10728", "/production/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot/1981-02-18/43032" ]})
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
How we did it - JSON<base-url>/production/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot/1988-11-22/6750
jsonTIN({ "name":"Beckett, Samuel", "title":"Waiting for Godot", "opening":"1988-11-22", "people":[ { "description":"Beckett, Samuel (auteur)", "uri":"/person/Beckett, Samuel"}, { "description":"Theedom, Peter (uitvoerende)", "uri":"/person/Theedom, Peter" }, { "description":"Stewart, Reginald (uitvoerende)", "uri":"/person/Stewart, Reginald" } ]})
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
How we did it – JavaScript/JQuery<base-url>/person/Beckett, Samuel
<base-url>/title/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot
<base-url>/production/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot/1988-11-22/6750
JavaScript/JQuery
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
What we did not do (yet)Implement a vocabulary/ontology/RDF! http://ckan.net/package/theatricalia http://lukeblaney.co.uk/semweb/theatre
Content negotiation
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Theatre Ontologyhttp://lukeblaney.co.uk/semweb/theatre
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Problems No common identifiers
Aleph key ≠ key No internal links to common entity
No central “Work” String matching
Author: ‘Samuel Beckett’- ‘Beckett, Samuel’ Title: ‘Waiting for Godot’ –’En attendant Godot’
Copyright Photos, videos, audio, artwork
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Estragon: ‘We’ve lost our rights?’ …
Pozzo: ‘The road is free to all’
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Identifiers/URIs/String matching
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot : a tragicomedy in two acts
/title/Beckett, Samuel/En attendant Godot : pièce en deux actes
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Wachten op Godot
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting for Godot
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Waiting For Godot
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Wachten op Godot
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Wachtend op Godot
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Wachten op Godot (De favorieten)
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Wachten op Godot (eerste bedrijf)
/title/Beckett, Samuel/En attendant Godot
/title/Beckett, Samuel/Warten auf Godot
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Pozzo: “I am Pozzo!....Pozzo! … Does that name mean nothing to you?... I say does that name mean nothing to you?”Estragon: “Bozzo...Bozzo...”Vladimir: “Pozzo...Pozzo...”Pozzo: “PPPOZZZO!”Estragon: “Ah! Pozzo...let me see...Pozzo...”Vladimir: “Is it Pozzo or Bozzo?”Estragon: “Pozzo...no...I’m afraid I...no...I don’t seem to...”Vladimir: “I once knew a family called Gozzo. The mother had the clap”
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Solutions Add links:
Internally: FRBR! Externally: Authority files
(Smart string matching?) External broker mechanism
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Links: FRBR, and moreWaiting
for Godot
Wachtenop Godot (NL)
En attendantGodot (FR)
Production2009
Production2010
Performance 1
Performance 2
Performance 3
Manifestation
Item
Work
Expression
1st Edition2007
2nd Edition2010
Copy 1
Copy 2
Copy 3
Theatre Text/Publisher/Library
FRBR
Videoregistration
Article
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Photo
LibraryCatalogue
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Ideally….
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Current situation
Implicit relations
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Legacy systems => Linked Data
Make implicit relations explicit
Use external authority files
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Estragon: ‘That’s the idea, let’s contradict each other’
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Curtain
Thank you!
You’re too kind!
May 25, 2011 Linking libraries to the real world - ELAG2011
Estragon: “Let’s go”Vladimir: “We can’t”Estragon: “Why not?”Vladimir: “We’re waiting for Godot”