Date post: | 17-May-2015 |
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Usefull Commands for Usefull Commands for RedhatRedhat
Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
Presented ByTEJVEER SINGH
ID:VGT136T
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IntrductionIntrduction
Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
The Linux Directory LayoutFile/Directory BasicsFile ViewingFile PropertiesFile CompressionFile ComparisonFile Text ManipulationDisks and File SystemsFile LocationBackups and Remote StorageAudio and VideoHostsSpelling OperationsNetworkingPrinting
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
Directory Description
/bin Essential command binaries (programs)are stored here(bash, ls, mount,tetc.)
/boot Static files of the boot loader.
/dev Device files. In Linux, hardware devices are acceessd just like other files, andthey are kept under this
directory.
/etc Host-specific system configuration files.
/home Location of users' personal home directories (e.g. /home/Raj).
/lib Essential shared libraries and kernel modules.
The Linux Directory Layout
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
Directory Description/proc Process information pseudo-filesystem. An interface
to kernel data structures.
/root The root (superuser) home directory.
/sbin Essential system binaries (fdisk, fsck, init, etc).
/tmp Temporary files. All users have permission to place temporary files here.
/usr The base directory for most shareable, read-only data (programs, l ibraries,documentation, and much ore).
/usr/bin Most user programs are kept here (cc, find, du, etc.).
/usr/include Header files for compiling C programs.
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
Directory Description/usr/lib Libraries for most binary programs.
/usr/sbin Non-vital system binaries (lpd, useradd, etc.)
/usr/share Architecture-independent data (icons, backgrounds, documentation, terminfo, man pages, etc.).
/usr/src Program source code. E.g. The Linux Kernel, source RPMs, etc.
/usr/X11R6 The X Window System
/var Variable data: mail and printer spools, log files, lock files, etc.
/usr/local “Locally” installed files. This directory only really matters in environments where files are stored on the network. Locally-installed files go in /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/lib, etc.). Also often used forsoftware packages installed from source,or software not officially shipped with the distribution.
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
File/Directory Basics
Command Task
ls List filescp Copy filesmv Rename filesrm Delete filesln Link filescd Change directorypwd Print current directory namemkdir Create directoryrmdir Delete directory
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
File Viewing
Command Task
cat View filesless Page through fileshead View file beginningtail View ending of filenl Number lines of fileod View binary data of fileXxd View binary data with charectergv View Postscript/PDF filesxdvi View TeX DVI files
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
File Properties
Command Task
stat Display file attributeswc Count bytes/words/linesdu Measure disk usagefile Identify file types /ASCII Filestouch Create new file timestampschown Change file ownerchgrp Change file groupchmod Change file rotections/Permisionchattr Change advanced file attributes/
Special Charecterslsattr List advanced file attributes
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
File Compression
Command Task
gzip Compress files (GNU Zip)compress Compress files (Unix)bzip2 Compress files (BZip2)zip Compress files (Windows Zip)
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
File Comparison
Command Task
diff Compare files line by linecomm Compare sorted filescmp Compare files byte by bytemd5sum Compute checksums
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
File Text Manipulation
Command Task
grep Search text for matching linescut Extract columnspaste Append columnstr Translate characterssort Sort linesuniq Locate identical linestee Copy stdin to a file and
to stdout simultaneously
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
Disks and File Systems
Command Task
df Show free disk space file & Dir.mount Make a disk accessiblefsck Check a disk for errorssync Flush disk caches
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
File Location
Command Task
find Locate filesslocate Locate files via indexwhich Locate commandswhereis Locate standard files
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
Backups and Remote Storage
Command Task
mt Control a tape drivedump Back up a diskrestore Restore a dumptar Read/write tape archivescdrecord Burn a CDrsync Mirror a set of files
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
Audio and Video
Command Task
grip Play CDs and rip MP3sxmms Play audio filescdparanoia Rip audioaudacity Edit audioxcdroast Burn CDs
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
HostsCommand Task
uname Print system informationhostname Print the system’s hostnameifconfig Set/display network informationhost Look up DNSwhois Look up domain registrantsping Check if host is reachabletraceroute View network path to a host
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
Spelling Operations
Command Task
look Look up spellingaspell Check spelling interactivelyspell Check spelling in batch
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
NetworkingCommand Task
ssh Securely log into remote hoststelnet Log into remote hostsscp Securely copy files between hostssftp Securely files transfer between hostsftp Copy /Transfer files between hostsevolution GUI email clientmutt Text-based email clientmail Minimal email client
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
mozilla Web browserlynx Text-only web browserwget Retrieve web pages to diskslrn Read Usenet newsgaim Instant messaging/IRCtalk Linux/Unix chatwrite Send messages to a terminalmesg Prohibit talk/write
Command Task
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh
Printing
Command Task
lpr Print fileslpq View print queuelprm Remove print jobs
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Volksgeist Technologies LLP Vasundhara Presented By Tejveer Singh