Lionel, Gérard FONTAGNÉ
Professor of Economics
Paris School of Economics, University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
Updated: 2017-11-14
Nationality: French
Married, 2 children
Office:
Maison des Sciences Economiques
106-112 bd de l’Hôpital
75647 PARIS CEDEX 13
Tel: +33 1 44 07 83 70
Email: lionel.fontagne (at) univ-paris1.fr
HomePage: http://lionelfontagne.weebly.com/
POSITIONS HELD _________________________________________________________
Director, Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne, Jan. 2014 –
Professor, University Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, Sept. 1995 –
Associate Chair, Paris School of Economics, Sept. 2009 –
Member of the Council of Economic Analysis to the French Prime Minister, 2001-2010 & 2012-
2016
Scientific advisor, CEPII, Sept. 1994 – Sept.1999 & Sept. 2006 –
Consultant, Banque of France, June 2009 – June 2015
Advisor, International Trade Center (UNCTAD-WTO), Geneva, 1998 – 2014
Part-time professor, European University Institute (Florence), Jan. 2012 – June 2013
On leave, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Sept. 2010 – Sept. 2012
Director of the CEPII, March 2000 – June 2006
Part-time Professor, Free University of Brussels, Sept. 1999 – Sept. 2002
Professor of Economics, University of Nantes, Sept. 1990 – Sept. 1994
Assistant Professor (Maître Assistant), University of Nantes, Sept. 1984 – Sept. 1990
Lecturer (Assistant), University of Nantes, Feb. 1983 – Sept. 1984
EDUCATION ______________________________________________________________
1990 French national exam for full professorship (Agregation de
l’enseignement supérieur en sciences économiques). Rank: First.
1989 Habilitation à diriger les recherches, University of Paris-I.
1989 Doctorat en Science Économique (PhD), University of Paris-I
1984 Doctorat 3e cycle in International Economics, University of Paris-I
AWARD ___________________________________________________________________
Research Fellow, CESifo, Munich, 2012 –
Emerald Management Reviews Citation of Excellence, 2008
Research-Fellow 2007-2010, Global Trade Analysis Project, Purdue University
Open Economies Review first price award, 1999
EDITORIAL BOARDS ______________________________________________________
Annals of Economics and Statistics, 2015 –
Economie & Prévision, 2001 –
Economie et Statistique 2004 – 2007
Revue Economique 1995 – 2000
REFEREE _________________________________________________________________
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Annales d'Economie et de Statistique, Bulletin of
Economic Research, Canadian Journal of Economics, China Economic Review, Econometrica,
Economic Letters, Economic Modelling, Economie et statistiques, European Economic Review,
European Review of Agricultural Economics, Food Economics, German Economic Review,
International Economic Journal, International Economics, International Economics and
Economic Policy, Journal of African Economies, Journal of Agricultural Economics, Journal of
Economics and Statistics, Journal of Banking and Finance, Journal of Economic Behavior and
Organization, Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Journal of International Trade and
Economic Development, Journal of Productivity Analysis, Open Economies Review, Recherches
économiques de Louvain, Review of Agricultural Economics, Review of Development Economics,
Review of International Economics, Review of World Economics, Scottish Journal of Political
Economy, The World Economy, The World Bank Economic Review, World Trade Review.
EVALUATION _____________________________________________________________
European Research Council, Research Foundation Flanders (Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen,
FWO), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), DG research European Commission (FP6 and FP7),
AERES (France), Leibniz Foundation (Germany), Fonds national Suisse de la recherche scientifique (FNS).
CONSULTING EXPERIENCE _______________________________________________
World Bank, International Trade Center (UNCTAD-WTO), Banque of France, European
Commission DG Research, OECD Development Centre, OECD Directorate for Science
Technology and Industry, Ministry of Finance Luxemburg, French Ministry of Finance, Direction
de la Prévision
OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES _______________________________________________
Elected member of the National Council of Universities (CNU), 2011 – 2015
Member of the recruitment committee, Ecole Polytechnique, 2008 – 2013
President of the Committee Firms and Strategies, National Council of Statistics (CNIS), 2010 –
PSE’s Team leader, PRONTO, FP7, DG Research, 2013 –
PSE’s Team leader, MAPCOMPETE, FP7, DG Research, 2013 – 2016
CEPII’s Team leader, EFIGE, FP7, DG Research, 2008-2012
Team leader, ATLASS, consortium of research institutes, DG Trade, 2009-2011
Member of the Research Council of the CREST, 2005-2009
Member of the evaluation committee for economics of the INRA, 2001-2007
Team leader, NECTAR, consortium of research institutes, DG Trade, 2005-2008 .
Team leader, ECTA, consortium of research institutes, DG Trade, 2006-2008
CEPII’s Team Leader, European Forecasting Network, DG ECFIN, 2002-2005
Director of the joint unity of resources 1814, CNRS-Paris 1, 1998-2000
Head of the Library of the Maison des Sciences Economiques, Paris, 1998-2000
Member of the Editorial Board of Economie et Prévision, 1997 –
Member of the Scientific Committee of Economie et Statistique, 2004-2012 .
Member of the Editorial Board of the Revue Economique, 1995-2002
Editor, for economics, Editions Vuibert, Paris, 1991-2004
Head of the research team JE260-DRED, University of Nantes, 1992-1994
Member of the Scientific Council, University of Nantes, 1992-1994
Member of the Regional Board for Research and Technology, Pays de la Loire, 1992-1994
Deputy-Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Nantes, 1991-1994
Head of the Licence / Bachelor of Arts / Graduado, University of Nantes / Middlesex University /
University of Valencia, Joint ERASMUS programme in European economics, 1988-1993
PUBLICATIONS SINCE 1990 ________________________________________________
Articles
Fontagné L., Orefice G., Let's Try Next Door: Technical Barriers to Trade and Multi-Destination
Firms, European Economic Review, forthcoming.
Beestermöller M., Disdier A.C., Fontagné L., Impact of European Food Safety Border Inspections
on Agri-Food Exports: Evidence from Chinese Firms, China Economic Review, forthcoming.
Békès G., Fontagné L., Murakozy B., Vicard V. (2017), Shipment frequency of exporters and
demand uncertainty, Review of World Economics, 153(4): 779–807.
Fontagné L., Fouré J, Keck A. (2017), Simulating World Trade in the Decades Ahead: Driving
Forces and Policy Implications, The World Economy, 40(1): 36-55.
Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2016), Variable Trade Costs, Composition Effects, and the Intensive
Margin of Trade, The World Economy, 39(1): 54-71.
Château J., Fontagné L., Fouré J., Johansson A, Olaberría E. (2015), Trade patterns in the 2060
world economy, OECD Journal: Economic Studies, dx.doi.org/10.1787/eco_studies-2015-
5jrs63llqgjl.
Disdier A.-C., Fontagné L., Mimouni M. (2015), Tariff Liberalization and Trade Integration of
Emerging Countries, Review of International Economics, 23(5): 946-971.
Fontagné L., Orefice G., Piermartini R., Rocha N. (2015), Product Standards and Margins of
Trade: Firm-Level Evidence, Journal of International Economics, 97(1): 29-44.
Decreux Y., Fontagné L. (2015), What next for Multilateral Trade talks? Quantifying the Role of
Negotiation Modalities, World Trade Review, 14(1): 29-43.
Blonigen B., Fontagné L., Sly N., Toubal F. (2014), Cherries for sale: The incidence and timing of
cross-border M&A, Journal of International Economics, 94(2): 341-357.
Disdier A.-C., Fontagné L., Cadot O. (2014), North-South Standards Harmonization and
International Trade, World Bank Economic Review, 29(2): 327-352.
Cheptea A., Fontagné L., Zignago S., (2014), European Export Performance, Review of World
Economics, 150(1): 25-58.
Fouré J., Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L. (2013), Modelling the world economy at the 2050
horizon, Economics of Transition, 21(4): 617-654 (lead paper).
Fontagné L. Koenig P., Mayneris F., Poncet S. (2013), Cluster Policies and Firm Selection:
Evidence from France, Journal of Regional Science, 53(5): 354-374.
Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2013), How do Multiproduct Exporters React to a Change in Trade
Costs, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 115(2), 326–353.
Fontagné L., Mitaritonna C. (2013), Assessing Barriers to Trade in the Distribution and Telecom
Sectors in Emerging Countries, World Trade Review, 12(1): 57-78.
Bricongne J.C., Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Taglioni D., Vicard V. (2012) Firms and the global
crisis: French exports in the turmoil , Journal of International Economics, 87(1):134-146.
Deak S., Fontagné L. Maffezzoli M., Marcellino M. (2011), LSM: A DSGE Model for
Luxembourg - Economic Modelling, 28(6): 2862-2872.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Raff H. (2011), Exchange-Rate Misalignments in Duopoly: The
Case of Airbus and Boeing, The World Economy, 34, (4): 623-641.
Fontagné L., Laborde D., Mitaritonna C. (2011), An Impact Study of the Economic Partnership
Agreements in the Six ACP Regions, Journal of African Economies, 20(2): 179-216 (lead paper &
Editor’s choice).
Disdier A.-C., Fontagné L. (2010), Trade Impact of European Measures on GMOS Condemned by
the WTO Panel, Review of World Economics, 146(3): 495-514.
Disdier A.-C., Tai S. H. T., Fontagné L., Mayer T (2010), Bilateral Trade of Cultural Goods,
Review of World Economics, 145: 575-595 (lead paper).
Fontagné L., Mayer T., Ottaviano T. (2009), Of markets, products and prices: The effects of the
euro on European firms, Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, 44(3): 149-158.
Fontagné L., Mirza D. (2009), Exports and Wages: Discriminating between the Sources of Rents,
Recherches Economiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review, 75(1): 35-62.
Bouët A., Decreux Y., Fontagné L., Jean S. Laborde D. (2008), Assessing Applied Protection
Across the World, Review of International Economics, 16(5): 850-863.
Disdier A.-C., Fontagné L., Mimouni M. (2008), The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade:
Evidence from SPS and TBT Agreements, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 90(2):
336–350.
Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Zignago S. (2008), Specialization Across Varieties and North–South
Competition, Economic Policy, 23 (53): 51-91.
Fontagné L., Zignago S., (2007), A Re-Evaluation of the Impact of Regional Agreements on Trade
Patterns, Economie internationale, 1, (109) : 31-51. Integration and Trade Journal, 11, (26) : 31-
51.
Fontagné L., Mirza D. (2007), International Trade and Rent Sharing among Developed and
Developing Countries, Economic Modelling, 24 (3): 523-558.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Gaulier G. (2006), A Systematic Decomposition of World Trade
into Horizontal and Vertical IIT, Review of World Economics, 142(3):459-475.
Coulibaly S., Fontagné L. (2005) South-South Trade: Geography Matters, Journal of African
Economies, (15): 313-341.
Fontagné L., Mayer T. (2005) Determinants of Location Choices by Multinational Firms: A
Review of the Current State of Knowledge, Applied Economics Quarterly, S-56: 9-34.
Fontagné L., Mimouni M., Pasteels J.M. (2005) Estimating the Impact of Environmental SPS and
TBT on International Trade, Integration and Trade Journal, (22): 7-37.
Fontagné L., von Kirchbach F., Mimouni M. (2005) An Assessment of Environmentally-Related
Non-Tariff Measures, The World Economy, 28 (10): 1417-1439.
Fontagné L., Mayer T., Zignago S. (2005) Trade in the Triad: How Easy is the Access to Large
Markets?, Canadian Journal of Economics, 38(4): 1401-1430.
Fontagné L., Guérin J.-L., Jean S. (2005) Market Access Liberalisation in the Doha Round:
Scenarios and Assessment, The World Economy, 28(8): 1073-1094.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Lahreche-Revil A. (2005) How Does FDI React to Corporate
Taxation?, International Tax and Public Finance, 12(5): 583-603..
Fontagné L. (2003) The Doha Development Agenda. Market Access and Domestic Support
Measures, CESifo Forum, (3): 3-10.
Bouët A., Fontagné L., Mimouni M., Pichot X. (2002) MAcMaps : une mesure bilatérale et
désagrégée de l’accès au marché, Economie internationale, (89-90): 39-64.
Fontagné L., Pajot M., Pasteels J.-M. (2002) Potentiels de commerce entre économies
hétérogènes : un petit mode d’emploi des modèles de gravité, Economie et Prévision, (152-153):
115-139.
Fontagné L., Mimouni M. (2002), Globalisation, performances commerciales et développement,
Reflets et Perspectives de la vie économique, XLI(2): 27-39, Brussels.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Lahreche-Revil A. (2001) Stratégie de change et attraction des
investissements directs en Méditerranée, Revue d'Economie du Développement, 4: 3-30.
Fontagné L., Mimouni M. (2001), L’environnement, nouvel obstacle au commerce de produits
agricoles et alimentaires, Economie Internationale, (87): 63-87.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Lahreche-Revil A. (2001), Exchange Rate Strategies in the
Competition for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment, Journal of the Japanese and International
Economies, 15: 178-198.
Fontagné L., Pajot M. (1999), Investissement direct à l'étranger et échanges extérieurs : un impact
plus fort aux Etats-Unis qu'en France, Economie et Statistique, (326-327): 31-52.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M. (1999), Marché unique et développement des échanges, Economie et
Statistique, (326-327): 71-95.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Pajot M. (1999), Le potentiel d'échanges entre l'Union européenne
et les PECO : un réexamen, Revue Economique, 50, (6): 1139-1168.
Fontagné L., (1999), Spécialisation et asymétrie des chocs en union monétaire, Revue Française
d’Economie, 14, (2): 107-162.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M. (1999), Endogenous Symmetry of Shocks in a Monetary Union,
Open Economies Review, 10, (3): 263-287.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Ünal-Kezenci D. (1999), Trade in Technology, and Quality
Ladders: Where do EU countries Stand?, Journal of Development Planning Literature, 14, (4):
527-548.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Péridy N. (1998), Commerce international et structures de marché:
une vérification empirique, Economie et Prévision, (135): 147-167.
Fontagné L., Pajot M. (1998), Investissement direct et commerce international : le cas français,
Revue Economique, 49, (3): 593-605.
Fontagné L., Guérin J.L. (1997), L'ouverture, catalyseur de la croissance, Economie internationale,
(71): 135-167.
Fontagné L., Guérin J.L. (1997), Innovation, imitation et rattrapage en présence de rigidités sur le
marché du travail, Revue économique, 48, (5): 1265-1290.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Ünal-Kezenci D. (1996), Les échanges de biens intermédiaires de la
Triade, Economie internationale, (65): 143-168.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Ünal-Kezenci D. (1996), Statistical Analysis of EC Trade in
Intermediate Products, Eurostat, Série 6D, March.
Fontagné L., Péridy N. (1996), Le renouveau de l’insertion des pays du Maghreb dans les échanges
mondiaux, Annales Marocaines d’Economie, Printemps: 87-116.
Fontagné L., Péridy N. (1995), Uruguay Round et pays en développement : le cas de l'Afrique du
Nord, Revue Economique, 46, (3): 703-715.
Fontagné L. (1994), Concurrence imparfaite, interdépendance des préférences et politiques
commerciales, Revue Economique, 45, (3): 443-457.
Fontagné L. (1991), Un nouveau champ d'investigation pour l'économie internationale : les biens
intermédiaires, Revue Française d'Economie, 6, (4): 4-49.
Fontagné L. (1991), Échange international d'inputs intermédiaires : un bilan des implications
positives et normatives, Revue d'Economie Politique, 101, (3): 317-399.
Fontagné L. (1991), Spécialisation et protection en présence de biens intermédiaires échangés,
Revue Economique, 42, (1): 51-73.
Fontagné L. (1990), Spécialisation internationale et échanges technologiques, Revue d'Economie
Politique, (2): 233-259.
Edition of special issues
Artus P., Cartapanis A., Fontagné L. (2006), Les nouvelles forntières de l’Union européenne,
Revue Economique, 57, (4) : 667-672.
Bouët A., Fontagné L., Mouhoud E.M. (2005), Localisation, migrations et institutions, Revue
Economique, 56, (6) : 1173-1184.
Fontagné L., Mayer T. (2002), Politiques commerciales, Economie internationale, (89-90).
Erkel-Rousse H., Fontagné L. (2002), Commerce international, Economie et Prévision, (152-153):
I-VIII- Content – Introduction.
Fontagné L., Girardin E., Pagès H. (2001), Does Money Still Matter?, Economic Policy Forum,
Economie Internationale, (88): 107-110.
Artus P., Cartapanis A., Fontagné L. (2001), Reconstruire l'architecture du système financier
international, Revue Economique, 52, (2): 199-206.
Artus P., Cartapanis A., Fontagné L. (1999), Le colloque de Sienne et les enjeux de la nouvelle
architecture financière internationale, Revue Economique, 52, (2): 199-206.
Artus P., Cartapanis A., Fontagné L. (1999), L'élargissement de l'union européenne en Europe
centrale: les enjeux, Revue Economique, 50, (6): 1095-1099.
Deissenberg C., Fontagné L . (1997), L’intégration européenne : nouveaux enjeux, Economie et
Prévision, (128), I-XIV.
Fontagné L. (1995), Ouvertures à l'Est et au Sud, Economie et Statistiques, (279-280), I-VIII.
Shorter Papers
Bas M., Fontagné L., Martin P., Mayer T. (2015), La France en mal de qualité ?, La Lettre du
CEPII, 355, July.
Fontagné L., Jean S. (2014), TTIP is about regulatory convergence, Vox, 16 November.
Blonigen B., Fontagné L., Sly N., Toubal F. (2014), Are foreign takeovers getting domestic
cherries or lemons ?, Vox, 15 August.
Fontagné L., Mitaritonna C., Tritah A. (2014), Les inégalités salariales ont diminué en France, La
Lettre du CEPII, 343, April.
Fontagné L., Jean S. (2013), L’OMC en quête d’un avenir, La Lettre du CEPII, 339, November.
Fontagné L., Gourdon J. Jean S. (2013), Les enjeux économiques du partenariat transatlantique, La
Lettre du CEPII, 335, September.
Fontagné L., Gourdon J. Jean S. (2013), Transatlantic Trade: Whither Partnership, Which
Economic Consequences?, CEPII Policy Brief, 1.
Emlinger C., Fontagné L. (2013), (Not) Made In France, La lettre du CEPII, 333, June.
Fontagné L., D’Isanto A. (2013), Chaînes d'activité mondiales: Des délocalisations d'abord vers
l'Union européenne, INSEE Première, 1451, June.
Aussilloux V., Emlinger C., Fontagné L. (2011), What benefits from completing the Single
Market?, La lettre du CEPII, 316, December.
Fontagné L. (2011), Ten years of Doha: What to show and what to look forward to, Vox, 25
November 2011.
Bricongne J.-C., Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Taglioni D., Vicard V. (2009), Firms and the global
crisis: French exports in the turmoil, Vox, 5 November.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Decreux Y., Fontagné L., Khoudour-Casteras D. (2009), Le commerce victime
de la mondialisation ? La lettre du CEPII, 291.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2008), Euro : comme prévu, des gains et des coûts,
La lettre du CEPII, 284.
Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2008), The microeconomic impacts of the euro, Vox, 9 August.
Fontagné L. (2008), Quality Matters: Everything is (not) Made in China, Vox, 28 March.
Fontagné L., Laborde D., Mitaritonna C. (2008), Accords de partenariat économique : l'impact de
la libéralisation commerciale, La lettre du CEPII, 276.
Fontagné L., Paillacar R. (2007), China is shipping more products to the United States than
Germany, La lettre du CEPII, 270.
Fontagné L., Laborde D., Mitaritonna C. (2007), WTO Trade Talks: A Bird in the Hand is Worth
Two in the Bush, La lettre du CEPII, 263.
Fontagné L., Laborde D. (2006), Doha: pas de formule miracle, La lettre du CEPII, 257.
Fontagné L., Laborde D. (2006), OMC : le sens de la formule, La lettre du CEPII, 253.
Fontagné L, (2005), Les nouvelles formes de la Division Internationale du travail, Encyclopaedia
Universalis.
Fontagné L., Jean S., (2003), OMC : bas de cycle, La Lettre du CEPII, 226.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Fouquin M. (2003), Heureux dollar, La Lettre du CEPII, 225.
Bchir H., Fontagné L., Zanguieri P., (2003), Avec l'élargissement, tout le monde sera-t-il
gagnant ?, La Lettre du CEPII, 222.
Fontagné L., Guérin J.-L., Jean S., (2002), Accès au marché: quels objectifs après Doha, La Lettre
du CEPII, 211.
Fontagné L., (2001), Protection(nisme) : l'environnement à l'OMC, La Lettre du CEPII, 206.
Fontagné L., (2001), Commerce international, October, Encyclopaedia Universalis.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L. (2001), Les bons impôts font les bons amis, La lettre du CEPII,
203 and Problèmes Economiques, 2732, 17 October, 18-21.
Fontagné L., Ünal-Kesenci D. (1999), High-Technology Products: A Source of Asymmetry in
Europe, La lettre du CEPII, 179.
Fontagné L., (1998), En attendant l’AMI : un bilan des relations entre IDE et commerce, La lettre
du CEPII, 168.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M. (1997), L’impact du marché unique sur le commerce européen, La
lettre du CEPII, 154.
Fontagné L., Fouquin M., Pisani-Ferry J. (1995), Trois défis pour l’OMC, La Lettre du CEPII,
131.
Working papers
Fontagné L., Martin P., Orefice G. (2017), The International Elasticity Puzzle is Worse Than You
Think, CEPII working paper #2017-03
Fontagné, L., Harrison, A. (2017), The Factory-Free Economy: Outsourcing, Servitization and the
Future of Industry, NBER working paper #23016, National Bureau of Economic Research
Fontagné L., Martin P., Orefice G. (2017), The International Elasticity Puzzle is Worse Than You
Think, CEPR discussion paper #11855
Fontagné L., Orefice G. (2016), Making (small) Firms Happy. The Heterogeneous Effect of Trade
Facilitation Measures, CEPII working paper #2016-08
Beestermöller M., Disdier A.C., Fontagné L. (2016), Impact of European Food Safety Border
Inspections on Agri-Food Exports: Evidence from Chinese Firms, CEPII working paper #2016-04
Békès G., Fontagné L., Murakozy B., Vicard V. (2015), Shipment frequency of exporters and
demand uncertainty: An inventory management approach, CEPR Discussion Paper #11013
Fontagné L., Secchi A., Tomasi C. (2016), The Fickle Frindge and the Stable Core: Exporters'
Product mix Across Markets, CESIFO Working Paper #5889
Château J., Fontagné L., Fouré J., Johansson A, Olaberría E. (2015), Trade patterns in the 2060
world economy, OECD Economics Department Working Papers #1142.
Fontagné L., Santoni G. (2015), Firm Level Allocative Inefficiency: Evidence from France, CEPII
working paper #2015-12.
Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2015), Variable Trade Costs, Composition Effects, and the Intensive
Margin of Trade, CEPII working paper #2015-08.
Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2015), Variable Trade Costs, Composition Effects and the Intensive
Margin of Trade, Working paper #543, Bank of France.
Fontagné L., Hatte S. (2014), European High-End Varieties in International Competition, CEPII
Working paper #2014-27.
Fontagné L., Secchi A., Tomasi C. (2014), Fickle Product Mix: Exporters Adapting their Product
Vectors across Markets, LEM Working paper #2014-26, Scuola Superiora Sant'Anna, Pisa
Decreux Y., Fontagné L. (2014), What next for the DDA? Quantifying the role of negotiation
modalities, RSCAS Working Papers# 2014/61, European University Institute.
Château J., Fontagné L., Fouré J., Johansson A., Olaberria E.A. (2014), Trade Patterns in the 2060
World Economy, OECD Economics Department Working Papers # 1142.
Fontagné L., Fouré J., Keck A. (2014), Simulating world trade in the decades ahead: driving forces
and policy implications, WTO working paper, ERSD-2014-05.
Békès G., Fontagné L., Murakozy B., Vicard V. (2014), Shipment Frequency of Exporters and
Demand Uncertainty, Working paper Bank of France #479, CESifo working paper #4734.
Cheptea A., Emlinger C., Fontagné L., Orefice G., Pindyuk O. (2014), The Development of EU
and EU Member States’ External Competitiveness, CEPII Working paper #2014-06.
Fontagné L., Fouré J., Ramos M. (2013), MIRAGE-e: A General Equilibrium Long-term Path of
the World Economy, CEPII Working paper #2013-39, December.
Decreux Y., Fontagné L. (2013), What Did Happen in the DDA? Quantifying the Role of
Negotiation Modalities, CEPII Working paper #2013-38.
Disdier A.-C., Fontagné L., Mimouni M. (2013), Tariff Liberalization and Trade Integration of
Emerging Countries, CESifo working paper #4425, October.
Fontagné L., Fouré J. (2013), Opening a Pandora's Box: Modelling World Trade Patterns at the
2035 Horizon, CEPII Working paper #2013-22, WTO Working Paper, ERSD-2013-09.
Fontagné L., Orefice G., Piermartini R., Rocha N. (2013), Product Standards and Margins of
Trade: Firm level evidence, WTO Working Paper, ERSD-2013-04 – CEPII Working paper #2013-
06 – CESIFO Working paper #4169.
Blonigen B., Fontagné L., Sly N., Toubal F. (2012), Cherries for Sale: Export networks and the
Incidence of Cross-Border M&As, NBER Working papers #18414.
Deak S., Fontagné L., Maffezzoli M., Marcellino M. (2012), The banking and distribution sectors
in a small open economy DSGE model, Working paper #454 IGIER, Bocconi – Working paper
#2012-53, European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
Cheptea A., Fontagné L., Zignago S. (2012), European Competitiveness, Working Paper #393,
Bank of France.
Békés G., Fontagné L., Muraközy B., Vicard V. (2012), How frequently firms export? Evidence
from France, CEPII Working paper #2012-06.
Fouré J., Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L. (2012), The Great Shift: macroeconomic projections for
the world economy at the 2050 horizon, CEPII Working paper #2012-03.
Disdier A.-C., Fontagné L., Cadot O. (2012), North-South Standard Harmonization and
International Trade, CEPR Discussion Paper #8767.
Fontagné L., Guillin A., Mitaritonna C. (2011), Estimaitons of Tariff Equivalents for the Service
Sectors, CEPII Working paper #2011-24.
Decreux Y., Fontagné L. (2011) Economic Impact of Potential Outcome of the DDA, CEPII
Working paper #2011-23.
Fontagné L., Limardi M. (2011) The Outcome of NGO Activism in Developing Countries under
Visibility Constraint, Working Paper #2011-35, Paris School of Economics.
Fouré J., Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L. (2010), The world economy in 2050: a tentative picture,
CEPII Working paper #2010-27.
Bricongne J.-C., Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Taglioni D., Vicard V. (2010), Firms and the global
crisis: French exports in the turmoil, European Central Bank Working Paper #1245, September.
Bricongne J.-C., Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Taglioni D., Vicard V. (2010), Exports and Sectoral
Financial Dependence: Evidence on French Firms During the Great Global Crisis, European
Central Bank Working Paper #1227, July.
Cheptea A., Fontagné L., Zignago S. (2010), European Export Performance, CEPII Working paper
#2010-12.
Fontagné L., Mitaritonna C. (2009), Assessing Barriers to Trade in the Distribution and Telecom
Sectors in Emerging Countries, CEPII Working paper #2009-37.
Bricongne J.-C., Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Taglioni D., Vicard V. (2009), Firms and the global
crisis: French exports in the turmoil, Banque de France Working Paper #265, December.
Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2009), How do Multiproduct Exporters React to a Change in Trade
Costs, EFIGE Working paper 16, October.
Disdier A.-C., Fontagné L. (2009), Trade Impact of European Measures on GMOs Condemned by
the WTO Panel, CEPII Working paper #2009-16.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Decreux Y., Fontagné L. Koudour-Casteras D. (2009), Economic Crisis and
Global Supply Chains, CEPII Working paper #2009-15.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Raff H. (2009), Exchange-Rate Misalignements in Duopoly: The
Case of Airbus and Boeing", CEPII Working paper #2009-10.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Raff H. (2009), Exchange-Rate Misalignements in Duopoly: The
Case of Airbus and Boeing", Kiel Working Papers #1488, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2008-b), The Euro Effects on the Firm and Product-Level Trade
Margins: Evidence from France, CEPII Working paper #2008-21.
Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2008-a), The Euro and the Intensive and Extensive Margins of Trade:
Evidence from French Firm Level Data, CEPII Working paper #2008-06.
Fontagné L., Laborde D., Mitaritonna C. (2008), An Impact Study of the EU-ACP Economic
Partnership Agreements (EPAs) in the Six ACP Regions, CEPII Working paper #2008-04.
Disdier A.-C., Tai S. H. T., Fontagné L., Mayer T (2007), Bilateral Trade of Cultural Goods,
CEPII Working paper #2007-20.
Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Zignago S. (2007), Specialisation across Varieties within Products and
North-South Competition, CEPII Working paper #2007-06.
Disdier A.-C., Fontagné L., Mimouni M. (2007), The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade:
Evidence from SPS and TBT Agreements, CEPII Working paper #2007-04.
Decreux Y., Fontagné L. (2006), A Quantitative Assessment of the Outcome of the Doha
Development Agenda, CEPII Working paper #2006-10.
Boulhol H., Fontagné L. (2006), Deindustrialisation and the Fear of Relocations in the Industry,
CEPII Working paper #2006-07.
Bouët A., Fontagné L., Jean S. (2005), Is Erosion of Preferences a Serious Concern, CEPII
working paper #2005-14.
Bchir M., Fontagné L., Jean S. (2005), From Bound Duties to Actual Protection: Industrial
Liberalisation in the Doha Round, CEPII Working paper #2005-12.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Gaulier G. (2005), Disentangling Horizontal and Vertical Intra-
Industry Trade, CEPII Working paper #2005-10.
Bouët A., Decreux Y., Fontagné L., Jean S., Laborde D. (2005) "Tariff Duties in GTAP 6: The
MacMap-HS6 Database", Sources and Methodology, GTAP Resource #1670.
Bouët A., Decreux Y., Fontagné L., Jean S., Laborde D. (2004), A consistent, ad-valorem
equivalent measure of applied protection across the world: The MAcMap-HS6 database, CEPII
Working paper #2004-22.
Coulibaly S., Fontagné L. (2004), South-South Trade: Geography Matters, CEPII Working paper,
#2004-08.
Fontagné L., Mayer T., Zignago S. (2004), Trade in the Triad: How Easy is the Access to Large
Markets?, CEPR Discussion Paper #442.
Fontagné L., Mayer T., Zignago S. (2004), Trade in the Triad: How Easy is the Access to Large
Markets?, CEPII Working paper #2004-04.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Lahreche-Revil A., Fontagné L. (2003), Tax Competition and Foreign Direct
Investment, CEPII Working paper #2003-17.
Fontagné L., Guérin J.L., Jean S. (2003), Market Access Liberalisation in the Doha Round:
Scenarios and Assessment, CEPII Working paper #2003-12.
Bchir M.H., Fontagné L., Zanghieri P. (2003), The Impact of EU Enlargement on Member States:
a CGE Approach, CEPII Working paper #2003-10.
Fontagné L, von Kirchbach F., Pasteels J.M. (2003), The ITC-MAS Simulation Model of Bilateral
Trade Potentials. Background Paper, ITC, UNCTAD-WTO, Geneva, January.
Fontagné L., Mirza D. (2003), The Role of Demand in the Adjustment of Employment to Trade,
GEP Working Paper #2003/01.
Bouët A., Fontagné L., Mimouni M., Pichot X. (2001), Market Access Maps: A Bilateral and
Disaggregated Measure of Market Access, CEPII Working paper #2001-18.
Fontagné L., von Kirchbach F., Mimouni M. (2001), Une première évaluation des barrières
environnementales au commerce international, ITC Research Paper (UNCTAD-WTO)
#M.DPMD/01/0135.
Fontagné L., Pajot M., Pasteels J.M. (2001), Potentiels de commerce entre économies
hétérogènes : Un petit mode d'emploi des modèles de gravité, ITC Research Paper (UNCTAD-
WTO) #M.DPMD/01/0134.
Fontagné L., von Kirchbach F., Mimouni M. (2001), A First Assessment of Environment-Related
Trade Barriers, CEPII working paper #2001-10.
Fontagné L., Mirza D. (2001), International Trade and Rent Sharing in Developed and Developing
Countries, ITC Research Paper (UNCTAD-WTO) #M.DPMD/01/0133.
Fontagné L., Mirza D. (2001), International Trade and Rent Sharing in Developed and Developing
Countries, CEPII Working paper #2001-09.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Lahreche-Revil A. (2001), Foreign Direct Investment and
Corporate Taxation in Europe, ENEPRI Working Paper #4.
Fontagné L, Mimouni M. (2000), Trade Performance Index: Background Paper, ITC, UNCTAD-
WTO, Geneva, January.
Fontagné L, von Kirchbach F., Pasteels J.M. (2000), The ITC-MAS Simulation Model of Bilateral
Trade Potentials. Background Paper, ITC, UNCTAD-WTO, Geneva, January.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Lahreche-Revil A. (2000), Foreign Direct Investment and the
Prospects for Tax Co-Ordination in Europe, CEPII Working paper #2000-06.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Lahreche-Revil A. (1999), Exchange rate strategies in the
competition for attracting FDI, Cahiers de la MSE #00-07.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Lahreche-Revil A. (1999), Exchange rate strategies in the
competition for attracting FDI, CEPII Working paper #99-16.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Ünal-Kesenci D. (1999), Haute technologie et échelles de qualité:
de fortes asymétries en Europe, CEPII Working paper #99-08.
Fontagné L. (1999), Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade: Complements or
Substitutes?, STI Working Papers, 1999-3, OECD-DSTI.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Péridy N. (1998), Intra-Industry Trade and the Single market:
Quality Matters, CEPR Discussion Paper #1959.
Fontagné L., Pajot M. (1999), How Foreign Direct investment affects international trade and
competitiveness: an empirical assessment, CEPII Working paper #97-19.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Péridy N. (1997), Trade Patterns inside the Single Market, CEPII
Working paper #97-07.
Fontagné L., Guérin J.L. (1997), Chômage non qualifié et imitation : les raisons d’un accord
international sur la propriété intellectuelle, CEPII Working paper #97-04.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M. (1997), Intra-Industry Trade: Methodological Issues, CEPII Working
paper #97-01.
Fontagné L. (1995), Why NAFTA might be discriminatory, CEPII Working paper #95-12.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Ünal-Kesenci D. (1995), Echanges de biens intermédiaires et
régionalisation, CEPII Working paper #95-11.
Books
Fontagné L., Harrison A. eds. The Factory-Free Economy: Outsourcing, Servitization and the
Future of Industry. Oxford University Press, forthcoming.
Fontagné L., Mayer T., Ottaviano G. (2009), Of markets, products and prices - the effects of the
Euro on European firms. Bruegel Blueprint Series 8.
El Mouhoub M., Fontagné L., Maurel F., Petit P. (1999) Scénario pour une nouvelle géographie
de l'Europe, Rapport du Commisariat Général au Plan, Economica, Paris.
Fontagné L., Péridy N. (1997) The EU and the Maghreb, OECD, OECD Development Centre
Studies, Paris.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg N., Martin C., Péridy N. (1997) Trade patterns inside the Single Market,
The Single Market Review, 4, (2), European Communities, Kogan Page.
Fontagné L. (1991) Macroéconomie : prévision, équilibres, politiques, Vuibert-Gestion, Paris.
Fontagné L. (1991) Biens intermédiaires et Division Internationale du Travail, Economica, Paris ;
Awarded a subsidy of the French Ministry for Higher Education and Research.
Book chapters
Bricongne J.C., Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Vicard V. (2011), An Analysis of the Dynamics of
French Firms' Exports from 2000 to 2009: Lessons from the recovery. In F. di Mauro and B.R.
Mandel eds, European Central Bank, Recovery and beyond. Lessons for trade adjustment and
competitveness, ch.16: 163-172.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Berthou A., Fontagné L. (2011), Economic Divergence within the euro area :
lessons from EMU enlargement, in The euro and economic stability in Central, Eastern and South-
Eastern Europe, Edited by . E. Nowotny, P. Mooslechner and D. Ritzberger-Grünwald, Editions
Edward Elgar, Ch. 11.
Fontagné L., Gaulier G. (2009), French Exporters and the Global Crisis, in R. Baldwin ed. The
Great Trade Collapse: Causes, Consequences and Prospects, VOX ebook, CEPR, Chapter 16:
143-150.
Fontagné L. (2008), South-South Trade, in The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy,
Edited by Kenneth A. Reinert & Ramkishen S. Rajan, Princeton University Press, December.
Bouët A., Fontagné L., Jean S. (2006), Is Erosion of Preferences a Serious Concern?, in
Agricultural Trade reform and the Doha Development Agenda K. Anderson and W. Martin eds,
Washington, D.C.: Oxford University Press and The World Bank, Chapter 6: 161-192.
Ecochard P., Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Zignago S. (2006), " Intra-Industry Trade and Economic
Integration", in East Asia’s de facto Economic Integration, D. Hiratsuka ed., Palgrave MacMillan.
Bchir M.H., Fontagné L., Zanghieri P. (2006) “The Asymmetric Impact of Enlargement on Old
and New Member States: A General Equilibrium Approach”, in Michael Artis and Anindya
Banerjee eds, The Central and Eastern European Countries and the European Union, Cambridge
University Press, Chapter 2: 45-74.
Bouët A., Decreux Y., Fontagné L., Jean S., Laborde D. (2005), “Tariff Data”, GTAP-V6
Documentation, Chapter 16.D. GTAP Resource #1824.
Fontagné L, Freudenberg M. (2002) “Long-term Trends in IIT”, Chapter 8 of Frontiers of
Research on Intra-industry Trade, Peter Lloyd & Hyun Lee eds, Palgrave, 131-158.
Fontagné L., Pajot M. (2002) “Relationships between Trade and FDI Flows within two Panels of
US and French Industries”, in Robert E. Lipsey and Jean-Louis MUCCHIELLI eds., Multinational
Firms and Impacts on Employment, Trade and Technology. Routledge, London, 43-83.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M. (2002) “Long-term Trends in IIT, in HH. Lee and P. J. Loyd eds,
Frontiers of Research on Intra-industry Trade, Chapter 8, 131-158, Palgrave.
Fontagné L., Pajot M. (2000) “Foreign Trade and FDI Stocks in British, US and French Industries:
Complements or Substitutes? ”, in N.PAIN ed., Inward Investment, technological Change and
Growth. The Impact of Multinational Corporations on the UK Economy, Palgrave, December, 240-
263.
Fontagné L. (2000) “Géographie économique et intégration européenne”, in E.Cohen and J.H.
Lorenzi, Rapport Politiques industrielles pour l'Europe, Conseil d'Analyse Economique, 349-370.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Ünal-Kesenci D. (2000) “La spécialisation technologique des pays
européens”, in M. Delapierre, P. Moati, E.M. Mouhoud eds., Connaissance et mondialisation,
Economica, Paris, 17-29.
Fontagné L. (2000) “Intangibles: Impact on Sectors and Enterprises: Discussion”, in P. Buigues,
A. Jacquemin and J.F. Marchipont eds., Competitveness and the Value of Intangible Assets,
Edward Elgar, 187-198.
Fontagné L. (1998) "La relation commerce international et investissement direct à l'étranger", in
La compétitivité des Nations, Rapport CEPII, Economica, Paris.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Ünal-Kezenci D. (1998) " Echanges de biens intermédiaires : des
gains de variété pour les producteurs européens", in Industrie française et mondialisation, SESSI,
Ministère de l'Industrie, chapitre 19: 231-242.
Fontagné L., Péridy N. (1995) "De la politique préférentielle UE Maghreb au GATT94: évaluation
et perspectives", in Nouailhat ed. Le Maroc et l'Europe, Enquêtes et documents, Ouest Editions:
109-134.
Fontagné L. (1995) "Équilibre mondial intégré, gain à l'échange et rendements croissants", in M.
Rainelli ed. La négociation commerciale et financière internationale, Economica: 31-54.
Fontagné L. (1994) "Intégration économique et restructuration de l'offre" in C. Deblock ed.,
Amérique du Nord, Union Européenne : intégration Economique et Intégration Sociale?", Presses
Universitaires du Québec Montréal.
Fontagné L. (1993) "La CEE entre le marché régional et l'intégration mondiale de l'offre", in J.L.
Mucchielli et F.Célimène eds. Mondialisation et régionalisation, un défi pour l'Europe,
Economica, Paris:109-135.
Fontagné L. (1992) "Globalisation des marchés et régionalisme économique : l'exemple européen"
in C. Deblock et D.Ethier eds., Mondialisation et régionalisation, la coopération internationale
est-elle encore possible ? Presses Universitaires du Québec Montréal: 97-134.
Reports
Bureau D., Fontagné L., Jean S. (2015), Time to Decide on French Agriculture, French Council of
Economic Analysis, note #27, December.
Bas M., Fontagné L., Martin P., Mayer T. (2015), In Search of Lost Market Shares, French
Council of Economic Analysis, note #23, May.
Fontagné L., Mohnen P., Wolff G. (2014), No Industry, No Future? French Council of Economic
Analysis, note #13, June.
Bureau D., Fontagné L., Martin P. (2013), Energy and Competitiveness, French Council of
Economic Analysis, note #6, May.
Aussilloux V., Boumellassa H., Emlinger C., Fontagné L. (2011), The economic consequences for
the UK and the EU of completing the Single Market, BIS Economic Paper, #11, Department of
Business Innovation and Skills, London, February.
Fontagné L., Toubal F. (2010), Investissement direct à l'étranger et performances des entreprises,
Rapport du Conseil d’Analyse Economique, #89, January.
Fontagné L., Decreux Y. (2009) Economic Impact of potential outcome of the DDA, Report for the
European Commission, DG Trade.
Fontagné L., Decreux Y. (2008), An Assessment of May 2008 Proposals for the DDA, Report for
the European Commission, DG Trade.
Fontagné L., Gaulier G. (2008), Performances à l’exportation de la France et de l’Allemagne,
Rapport du Conseil d’Analyse Economique, #81, December.
Boumellassa H., Fontagné L., Decreux Y. (2008), Economic Impact of a Potential Free Trade
Agreement (FTA) Between the European Union and ASEAN, Report for the European
Commission, DG Trade, December.
Baldwin R., Di Nino V., Fontagné L., De Santis R.A., Taglioni D. (2008), Study on the Impact
of the Euro on Trade and Investment, European Economy, Economic papers 321, May.
Fontagn2 L., Laborde D., Mitaritonna C. (2007), An Impact Study of the EU-ACP Economic
Partnership Agreements (EPAs) in the Six ACP Regions. Report for the European Commission,
DG Trade, December (SI2.453.883).
Aghion P., Artus P., Cohen D., Cohen E., Fontagné L., Madiès T., Verdier T. (2007), Les atouts
de la France dans la mondialisation, Rapport du Conseil d’Analyse économique, #71.
Boumellassa H., Decreux Y., Fontagné L. (2007), A New Quantitative Assessment of the Outcome
of the DDA, Report for the European Commission, DG Trade, April (SI2.396873).
Decreux Y., Drogué S., Fontagné L., Mitaritonna C. (2007), Economic Impact of a Potential Free
Trade Agreement (FTA) between the European Union and India, Report for the European
Commission, DG Trade, February (SI2.434.087).
Artus P., Fontagné L. (2006), Evolution récente du commerce extérieur français, Rapport du
Conseil d’Analyse économique, #64.
Boumellassa H., Decreux Y., Fontagné L. (2006), Economic Impact of a Potential Free Trade
Agreement (FTA) between the European Union and the ASEAN, Report for the European
Commission, DG Trade, May (SI2.424.310).
Decreux Y., Fontagné L. (2006), A Quantitative Assessment of the Outcome of the DDA, Report
for the European Commission, DG Trade, March (SI2.396873).
Fontagné L. (2005), Négociations commerciales internationales : l’apport des travaux récents du
CEPII. Rapport pour la Commission des Affaires Economiques du Sénat, July.
Fontagné L., Lorenzi J.-H. (2004), Désindustrialisation, délocalisations, Rapport du Conseil
d’Analyse économique, #55.
Fontagné L., Fouquin M., Gaulier G., Herzog C., Zignago S. (2004), L’insertion de l’industrie
européenne dans la Division Internationale du Travail : situation et perspectives, Rapport pour la
Commission européenne, DG commerce, July.
Debonneuil M., Fontagné L. (2003), Compétitvité, Rapport du Conseil d’Analyse économique
#40.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Dées S., Fontagné L., Gaulier G., Kadareja A., Lahrèche-Révil A. (2001), The
Reform of Taxation in EU Member States, Report for the European Parliament, Tender
IV/2000/05/04, May.
Bénassy-Quéré A., Fontagné L., Lahrèche-Révil A. (2000), Foreign Direct Investments and
Exchange Rate Regimes in Emerging Economies: the Dollar vs the Euro, Report for the European
Commission Tender n° II/99/11.
Fontagné L. (1999), Géographie économique et intégration européenne, contribution au rapport sur
les politiques industrielles, Conseil d'Analyse Economique.
El Mouhoub M., Fontagné L., Maurel M., Petit P. (1999), Marché unique, monnaie unique : quel
scénario pour une nouvelle géographie de l'Europe ?", Groupe Géographie Economique du Plan.
Fontagné L., Mohnen P. eds. (1998), Commerce, investissement direct et régionalisation,
Coopération Scientifique et Technologique Franco-Québécoise.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Ünal-Kezenci D. (1998), La place de la France dans les échanges de
produits technologiques, Ministère de l‘Economie et des Finances, Direction de la Prévision.
Fontagné L., Pajot M. (1998), Trade, foreign direct investment and competitiveness: a new
appraisal, OECD-DSTI.
Fontagné L. (1998), Spécialisation des échanges commerciaux européens et ajustement aux chocs
en Union monétaire, Ministère de l‘Economie et des Finances, Direction de la Prévision.
Fontagné L., Pajot M. (1997), Investissement direct à l’étranger et commerce international ,
Ministère de l‘Economie et des Finances, Direction de la Prévision.
Fontagné L., Pajot M. (1996), The links between FDI and trade: empirical evidence for French and
US industries (1984-1994)", OECD DSTI, DSTI/EAS/IND/WP9(96)5.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg N., Martin C., Péridy N. (1996), Trade patterns inside the single market,
Report for the European Commission.
Fontagné L., Freudenberg M., Ünal-Kezenci D.(1995), Les échanges européens de biens
intermédiaires, Report for Eurostat.
Fontagné L. (1995), Commerce et investissement : compléments et substituts, OCDE-DSTI.
Fontagné L., Péridy N. (1994), OECD and North Africa : the EU External Policies Revisited,
OECD Development Centre's Work Programme on Globalization and Interdependence : the
Challenge of Policy Coherence.