Presentation By:

Under Guidance Of:

Smt. Kamala and Sri. Venkappa M. Agadi College of

Engineering and Technology, Laxmeshwar

Department of Mechanical Engineering

• Introduction

• Brief Introduction About Cryogenic

• Liquid Nitrogen

• Main Components of Cryogenic Heat Engine

• Schematic Dig. of Liquid Nitrogen Car LN2000

• Principle of Operation

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Efficiency

• Conclusion

• References

Introduction

The soul of each and every engine is the FUEL that we are using.

Usage of fossil fuels from olden days.

Majority of pollution in the world is contributed by automobiles.

Also the price of the fuels are increasing and availability is decreasing. So, we have to go for

alternate choice

Scientists are searching for renewable resource as a fuel for engine and moreover pollution free.

Liquid Nitrogen is the cheapest, widely produced and most common cryogenic liquid.

It is mass produced in Air Liquefaction Plants.

Invention of Cryogenic Heat Engine.

In 1997, the University of North Texas (UNT) and University of Washington (UW)

independently developed liquid nitrogen powered vehicles

It is a process of production of icy cold. Or It is a low temperature technique involving the

temperature of -150˚C.

Cryogenic Engineering:

It is mainly concerned with temperatures found in range of –150oC to absolute zero (-273.15oC).

Various Cryogenic Fluids:

1. Liquid Helium 4. Liquid Neon

2. Liquid Oxygen 5. Liquid Xenon

3. Liquid Nitrogen 6. Liquid Argon

Cryogenic Heat Engine:

It is a engine which uses very cold substances to produce useful energy.

What is Cryogenic?

Liquid Nitrogen (LN2)

Since Nitrogen gas makes up the major portion of the

atmosphere i.e. 78.08% by volume. So the Liquid

Nitrogen is the widely produced and is the most

common cryogen.

At 1 atm pressure LN2 boils at 139.2°R (77.4°K) and

freezes at 113.8°R (63.2°K).

The liquefaction process is very simple.

Liquid nitrogen is inert, colorless, odorless, non-

corrosive, nonflammable, and extremely cold.

Atmospheric

Air passes

Double Column

Rectification

Dust

Precipitator

Inter cooler

Nozzle

LN

2

Insulated

chamber

Expansion

Turbo

pumps

Dewar Flask

Liquefaction Of Nitrogen Gas

Normal atmospheric air is passed through dust precipitator and pre-cooled.

It is then compressed inside large turbo pumps to about 100 atmospheres(10.13 MPa).

Once the air has been cooled to room temperature it is allowed to expand rapidly

through a nozzle into an insulated chamber.

By running several cycles the temperature of the chamber becomes low enough. The air

entering it starts to liquefy.

Liquid nitrogen is removed from the chamber by Linde’s Double Column Rectification

and is stored inside well-insulated Dewar flasks .

Liquefaction Process

Schematic Of Cryogenic Heat Engine

A pressurized tank to store liquid nitrogen

Pressurant bottles of N2 gas that substitute

for a pump

A primary heat exchanger

An Expander

An economizer or a secondary heat

exchanger

Main Components Of Engine

Schematic Of Liquid Nitrogen Car LN2000

LN2 at 139.20oR (77.4oK) is pressurized and then vaporized in a heat exchanger by ambient

temperature of the surrounding air.

This heat exchanger is like the radiator of a car but instead of using air to cool water, it uses air

to heat and boil liquid nitrogen.

Liquid N2 passing through the primary heat exchanger quickly reaches its boiling point.

The vaporized LN2 expands to a gas with a pressure of 150 KPa.

The pressurized N2 gas drives the motor.

The only exhaust is nitrogen, which is major constituent of our atmosphere.

Energy+N2(l)-->N2(g)

Hence, there is no pollution produced by running this car.

Principle Of Operation

Liquid nitrogen is not a combustible, corrosive or toxic. It is just a cold.

LN2 powered vehicles have significant performance and environmental

advantages over electric vehicles.

A liquid nitrogen car is much lighter and refilling its tank will take only 10-15

minutes.

The exhaust produced by the car is environmental friendly.

Advantages

Liquid nitrogen is not available in public refueling stations.

Turning N2 gas into a liquid requires a lot of energy. So while cryogenic cars

have zero emissions, they rely on energy produced at emission generating power

plants.

Disadvantages

The LN2000 car has a 7hp engine.

Its maximum speed is over 40 kmph.

It could travel 79 miles(127.58 km) on a full 24 gallon(90 liter) tank of liquid

nitrogen running at the speed of 32 kmph.

LN2000 Car Characteristics

Conclusion

The Liquid Nitrogen powered vehicles keeps the air much cleaner if the

liquefaction process is driven by non-polluting energy sources. And refueling process

is time and cost efficient.

References

[1] “Liquid Nitrogen as a Non-Polluting Vehicle Fuel”, Mitty c. Plummer, Carlos A.

Ordonez and Richard F. Reidy, University of North Texas.

[2] “Liquid Nitrogen”, Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia, Sept. 13, 2007

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid nitrogen>.

[3] “LN2000”, University of Washington Research Team, Sept. 18, 2007

<http://www.aa.washington.edu/AERP/CRYOCAR/CryoCar.htm>.

[4] “Liquid Nitrogen Car”, University of Washington, May 2, 2011

< https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uV5YsAdA9Lg >