LISHEP09 J Hewett, SLAC

Anticipating New Physics at the LHC

Why New Physics @ the Terascale?

• Electroweak Symmetry breaks at energies ~ 1 TeV (SM Higgs

or ???)

• WW Scattering unitarized at energies ~ 1 TeV (SM Higgs or ???)

• Gauge Hierarchy: Nature is fine-tuned or Higgs mass must be stabilized by

New Physics ~ 1 TeV

• Dark Matter: Weakly Interacting Massive Particle must have mass ~ 1 TeV to reproduce observed DM density

All things point to the Terascale!

A Cellar of New Ideas

’67 The Standard Model

’77 Vin de Technicolor

’70’s Supersymmetry: MSSM

’90’s SUSY Beyond MSSM

’90’s CP Violating Higgs

’98 Extra Dimensions

’02 Little Higgs

’03 Fat Higgs

’03 Higgsless’04 Split Supersymmetry’05 Twin Higgs

a classic!aged to perfection

better drink now

mature, balanced, welldeveloped - the Wino’s choice

complex structure

sleeper of the vintagewhat a surprise!

svinters blend

all upfront, no finishlacks symmetry

young, still tannicneeds to develop

bold, peppery, spicyuncertain terrior

J. Hewett

finely-tuned

double the taste

Last Minute Model Building

Anything Goes!

• Non-Communtative Geometries• Return of the 4th Generation• Hidden Valleys• Quirks – Macroscopic Strings• Lee-Wick Field Theories• Unparticle Physics• …..

(We stilll have a bit more time)

The Hierarchy ProblemEnergy (GeV)

1019

1016

103

10-18Solar SystemGravity

Weak

GUT

Planckd

ese

rt

LHC

All of known physics

mH2 ~ ~

MPl2

Quantum Corrections:

Virtual Effects dragWeak Scale to MPl

The Hierarchy Problem: Little Higgs

Energy (GeV)

1019

1016

103

10-18Solar SystemGravity

Weak

GUT

Planck

LHC

All of known physics

Stacks of Little Hierarchies

104 New Physics!

Simplest Model: The Littlest Higgs with 1 ~ 10 TeV 2 ~ 100 TeV 3 ~ 1000 TeV …..

105

106

.

.

.

New Physics!

New Physics!

3-Scale Model

~ 10 TeV: New Strong Dynamics

Global Symmetry

f ~ /4 ~ TeV: Symmetires Broken

Pseudo-Goldstone Scalars New Gauge Fields New Fermions

v ~ f/4 ~ 100 GeV: Light Higgs

SM vector bosons & fermions

Sample Spectrum

Signal @ LHC

The Hierarchy Problem: Extra Dimensions

Energy (GeV)

1019

1016

103

10-18Solar SystemGravity

Weak – Quantum Gravity

GUT

Planckd

ese

rt

LHC

All of known physics

Simplest Model: Large Extra Dimensions

= Fundamental scale in 4 + dimensions

MPl2 = (Volume) MD

2+

Gravity propagates in D = 3+1 + dimensions

Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulis, Dvali

Kaluza-Klein Gravitons in a Detector

Mee [GeV]

Eve

nts

/ 50

GeV

/ 1

00 f

b-1

102

10

1

10-1

10-2

LHC

Indirect Signature

Missing Energy Signature

pp g + Gn

JLH Vacavant, Hinchliffe

Signals for Gravitational Fixed Points

• Fixed point renders GR non-perturbatively renormalizable and asymptotically safe

• Gravity runs such that it becomes weaker at higher energies

• Collider signals if √s ~ MPl

• Graviton Exchange Modified

• Graviton Emission generally unaffected

• Parameterize by form factor in coupling

• Could reduce signal!

D=3+4M* = 4 TeV

SM

t=

1

0.5

JLH, Rizzo, arXiv:0707.3182Litim, Pheln, arXiv:0707.3983

Drell-Yan

The Hierarchy Problem: Extra Dimensions

Energy (GeV)

1019

1016

103

10-18Solar SystemGravity

Weak

GUT

Planckd

ese

rt

LHC

All of known physics

Model II: Warped Extra Dimensions

wk = MPl e-kr

strong curvature

Randall, Sundrum

Number of Events in Drell-Yan

For this same model embedded in a string theory: AdS5 x S

Kaluza-Klein Gravitons in a Detector: SM on the brane

Davoudiasl, JLH, Rizzo

Spin-2 resonances in Drell-Yan

Kaluza-Klein Modes in a Detector: SM off the brane

Fermion wavefunctions in the bulk: decreased couplings to light fermions for gauge & graviton KK states

gg Gn ZZ

gg gn tt

Agashe, Davoudiasl, Perez, Soni hep-ph/0701186

-

Lillie, Randall, Wang, hep-ph/0701164

Issue: Top Collimation

Lillie, Randall, Wang, hep-ph/0701164

gg gn tt-

g1 = 2 TeV g1 = 4 TeV

The Hierarchy Problem: HiggslessEnergy (GeV)

1019

1016

103

10-18Solar SystemGravity

Weak

GUT

Planckd

ese

rt

LHC

All of known physics

Warped Extra Dimensions

wk = MPl e-kr

With NO Higgs boson!

strong curvature

Csaki, Grojean,Murayama, Pilo, Terning

Framework: EW Symmetry Broken by Boundary Conditions

SU(2)L x SU(2)R x U(1)B-L in 5-d Warped bulk

Planckbrane TeV-brane

SU(2)R x U(1)B-L

U(1)Y

SU(2)L x SU(2)R

SU(2)D

SU(2) Custodial Symmetryis preserved!

WR, ZR get

Planckscale masses

W, Z get TeV scale masses left massless!

BC’s restricted by variation of the action at boundary

Exchange gauge KK towers:

Conditions on KK masses & couplings:

(g1111)2 = k (g11k)2

4(g1111)2 M12 = k (g11k)2 Mk

2

Necessary, but not sufficient, to guarantee perturbative unitarity!Some tension with precision EW

Csaki etal, hep-ph/0305237

Unitarity in Gauge Boson Scattering: What do we do without a Higgs?

Production of Gauge KK States @ LHC

gg, qq g1 dijets-

Davoudiasl, JLH, Lilllie, Rizzo Balyaev, Christensen

Gauge Hierarchy Problem

Cosmological Constant Problem

Planck Scale

Weak Scale

CosmologicalScale

The Hierarchy Problem: Who Cares!!

We have much bigger Problems!

Split Supersymmetry:

Energy (GeV) MGUT ~ 1016 GeV

MS : SUSY broken at high scale ~ 109-13 GeV

Mweak

1 light Higgs + Fermionsprotected by chiral symmetry

Scalars receive mass @ high scale

Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulis hep-ph/0405159Giudice, Romanino hep-ph/0406088

Collider Phenomenology: Gluinos

• Pair produced via strong interactions as usual• Gluinos are long-lived• No MET signature• Form R hadrons• Monojet signature from gluon bremstrahlung

g~q~

q

q

10

Rate ~ 0, due to heavy squark masses!

Gluino pair + jet cross section

JLH, Lillie, Masip, Rizzo hep-ph/0408248

100 fb-1

The Hierarchy Problem: Supersymmetry

Energy (GeV)

1019

1016

103

10-18Solar SystemGravity

Weak

GUT

Planckd

ese

rt

LHC

All of known physics

mH2 ~ ~

MPl2

Quantum Corrections:

Virtual Effects dragWeak Scale to MPl

mH2

~

~ - MPl2

boson

fermion

Large virtual effects cancel order by order in perturbation theory

Supersymmetry With or Without Prejudice?

• The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model has ~120 parameters

• Studies/Searches incorporate simplified versions– Theoretical assumptions @ GUT scale– Assume specific SUSY breaking scenarios (mSUGRA,

GMSB, AMSB)– Small number of well-studied benchmark points

• Studies incorporate various data sets

• Does this adequately describe the true breadth of the MSSM and all its possible signatures?

• The LHC is turning on, era of speculation will end, and we need to be ready for all possible signals

Most Analyses Assume CMSSM Framework

• CMSSM: m0, m1/2, A0, tanβ, sign μ

• Χ2 fit to some global data set

Prediction for Lightest Higgs MassFit to EW precision, B-physics observables, & WMAP

Ellis etal arXiv:0706.0652

Spectrum for Best Fit CMSSM/NUHM Point

Buchmuller etal arXiv:0808.4128

NUHM includes two more parameters: MA, μ

Gluinos at the Tevatron

• Tevatron gluino/squark analyses performed solely

for mSUGRA – constant ratio mgluino : mBino ≃ 6 : 1

Alwall, Le, Lisanti, Wacker arXiv:0803.0019 

Gluino-Bino mass ratio determines kinematics

More Comprehensive MSSM Analysis

• Study Most general CP-conserving MSSM– Minimal Flavor Violation– Lightest neutralino is the LSP– First 2 sfermion generations are degenerate w/

negligible Yukawas– No GUT, high-scale, or SUSY-breaking assumptions

• ⇒ pMSSM: 19 real, weak-scale parameters scalars:

mQ1, mQ3

, mu1, md1

, mu3, md3

, mL1, mL3

, me1, me3

gauginos: M1, M2, M3

tri-linear couplings: Ab, At, Aτ

Higgs/Higgsino: μ, MA, tanβ

Berger, Gainer, JLH, Rizzo, arXiv:0812.0980

Perform 2 Random Scans

Linear Priors 107 points – emphasize

moderate masses

100 GeV msfermions 1 TeV

50 GeV |M1, M2, | 1 TeV

100 GeV M3 1 TeV

~0.5 MZ MA 1 TeV 1 tan 50|At,b,| 1 TeV

Log Priors 2x106 points – emphasize lower masses and extend to higher masses

100 GeV msfermions 3 TeV

10 GeV |M1, M2, | 3 TeV100 GeV M3 3 TeV

~0.5 MZ MA 3 TeV 1 tan 60

10 GeV ≤|A t,b,| 3 TeV

Absolute values account for possible phasesonly Arg (Mi ) and Arg (Af ) are physical

• Check meson mixing

. Stops/sbottoms

2

Set of Experimental Constraints

• Theoretical spectrum Requirements (no tachyons, etc)

• Precision measurements:– Δ, (Z→ invisible) – Δ(g-2) ??? (30.2 8.8) x 10-10 (0809.4062) (29.5 7.9) x 10-10 (0809.3085) → (-10 to 40) x 10-10 to be conservative..

• Flavor Physics– b →s , B →τν, Bs →μμ

– Meson-Antimeson Mixing : Constrains 1st/3rd sfermion mass ratios to be < 5 in MFV context

Set of Experimental Constraints Cont.

• Dark Matter– Direct Searches: CDMS, XENON10, DAMA, CRESST I – Relic density: h2 < 0.1210 → 5yr WMAP data

• Collider Searches: complicated with many caveats!

– LEPII: Neutral & Charged Higgs searches Sparticle production

Stable charged particles– Tevatron: Squark & gluino searches Trilepton search Stable charged particles BSM Higgs searches

Slepton & Chargino Searches at LEPII

Sleptons

Charginos

Tevatron Squark & Gluino Search

2,3,4 Jets + Missing Energy (D0)

Multiple analyses keyed to look for:Squarks-> jet +METGluinos -> 2 j + MET

Feldman-Cousins 95% CL Signal limit: 8.34 events

For each model in our scan we run SuSpect -> SUSY-Hit -> PROSPINO -> PYTHIA -> D0-tuned PGS4 fast simulation and compare to the data

Tevatron: D0 Stable Particle (= Chargino) Search

•This is an incredibly powerful constraint on our model set!•No applicable bounds on charged sleptons..the cross sections are too small.

Interpolation: M > 206 |U1w|2 + 171 |U1h|2 GeV

sleptons winos higgsinos

Survival Statistics

• Flat Priors:– 107 models

scanned– 68.5K (0.68%)

survive

• Log Priors:– 2 x106 models

scanned– 3.0k (0.15%)

survive

9999039 slha-okay.txt7729165 error-okay.txt3270330 lsp-okay.txt3261059 deltaRho-okay.txt2168599 gMinus2-okay.txt617413 b2sGamma-okay.txt594803 Bs2MuMu-okay.txt592195 vacuum-okay.txt582787 Bu2TauNu-okay.txt471786 LEP-sparticle-okay.txt471455 invisibleWidth-okay.txt468539 susyhitProb-okay.txt418503 stableParticle-okay.txt418503 chargedHiggs-okay.txt132877 directDetection-okay.txt83662 neutralHiggs-okay.txt 73868 omega-okay.txt73575 Bs2MuMu-2-okay.txt72168 stableChargino-2-okay.txt71976 triLepton-okay.txt69518 jetMissing-okay.txt68494 final-okay.txt

SU1 OKSU2 killed by LEP SU3 killed by h2

SU4 killed by b→sSU8 killed by g-2LM1 killed by Higgs LM2 killed by g-2LM3 killed by b→sLM4 killed by h2 LM5 killed by h2

LM6 OKLM7 killed by LEPLM8 killed by h2 LM9 killed by LEPLM10 OKHM2 killed by h2

HM3 killed by h2 HM4 killed by h2

ATLAS

CMS

Most well-studied models do not survive confrontationwith the latest data.

For many models this is not the unique source of failure

Fate of Benchmark Points!

SPS1a killed by b →sSPS1a’ OK SPS1b killed by b →sSPS2 killed by h2 (GUT) / OK(low)SPS3 killed by h2 (low) / OK(GUT)SPS4 killed by g-2 SPS5 killed by h2

SPS6 OKSPS9 killed by Tevatron stable chargino

Similarly for the SPS Points

Predictions for Observables (Flat Priors)

Exp’tSM

Bs →μμBSM = 3.5 x 10-9

b → sγ g-2

Relic Density

Predictions for Lightest Higgs Mass

Flat Priors Log Priors

Predictions for Heavy & Charged Higgs

Flat Priors

tan β

Distribution of Squark Masses

Flat Priors Stops

Sbottoms

Distribution of Gaugino MassesFlat Priors

GluinoCharginos

Neutralinos

Composition of the LSPFlat Priors Log Priors

Character of the NLSP: it can be anything!

Flat Priors Log Priors

NLSP-LSP Mass Splitting

Flat Priors

NLSP-LSP Mass Splitting: Details

Χ1+ Χ2

0

eR uL

~ ~

~ ~

Naturalness Criterion

Flat Priors Log Priors

Barbieri, GiudiceKasahara, Freese, Gondolo

Δ Δ

Less More

Fine tuned

Flat Priors Log Priors

We have many more classifications!

Flat Priors:1109 Classes

Log Priors:267 Classes

The LHC is Turning On!!!!!!!!

What can BSM theorists do until the data starts pouring in?

• More & more New Models:New models are most useful if they contain new signaturesBiggest worry is whether triggers cover all NP possibilities

• Fully compute the signatures of current NP models

• Fully implement NP models into Monte Carlos

Let the fun begin!

Discoveries at the LHC will find the vintage nature has bottled.

Back-up

ILC Search Region: Sleptons and EW Gauginos

Flat Priors: MSUSY ≤ 1 TeVLog Priors: MSUSY ≤ 3 TeV

x-axis legend

ILC Search Region: Squarks and Gluinos

Flat Priors: MSUSY ≤ 1 TeV Log Priors: MSUSY ≤ 3 TeV

Black Hole Production @ LHC:

Black Holes produced when s > M*

Classical Approximation: [space curvature << E]

E/2

E/2b

b < Rs(E) BH forms

Geometric Considerations:

Naïve = Rs2(E), details show this holds up to a

factor of a few

Dimopoulos, LandsbergGiddings, Thomas

Production rate is enormous!

1 per sec at LHC!

JLH, Lillie, Rizzohep-ph/0503178

Determination of Number of Large Extra Dimensions

Black-Max: a New BH Generator

• Simulates more realistic models– Greybody factors– BH rotation– BH recoil due to

Hawking radiation

– Brane tension– Split fermions

• Dramatic effects on kinematic properties

• Interfaces w/ Herwig & Pythia

Energy Distbt’n of emitted particles

Rotating

Brane tension

Split Fermions

No new effects

Dai, Starkman, Stojkevic, Issever, Rizvi, Tseng, arXiv:0711.3012

Distribution for Selectron/Sneutrino Masses

Flat Priors Log Priors

Distribution of Stau Masses

Flat Priors Log Priors

Dark Matter Direct Detection Cross Sections

Flat Priors Log Priors

Spin Dependent

Spin IndependentSpin Independent

Distinguishing Dark Matter Models

Flat Priors

Barger etal

Little Higgs Gauge Production

Azuelos etal, hep-ph/0402037

Birkedal, Matchev, Perelstein, hep-ph/0412278

WZ WH WZ 2j + 3l +

Density of Stopped Gluinos in ATLAS

See also ATLAS study, Kraan etal hep-ph/0511014

Arvanitaki, etal hep-ph/0506242