Listening, Speaking

and Reading

Listening, Speaking

and Reading

1. Listen to the tape and fill the layers in

the “wastepaper basket” diagram

below.

yogurt pots

orange skin

wastepaper

used envelopes

The waste paper basket

Answer key for Exercise 2

Method How it works

1. Layers in the ground

Each layer looks different as they are uncovered, so you can tell where one layer starts and another finishes. In the wastepaper basket, the most recent layer is _________, an older layer is below that and the oldest layer is ____________.

at the top

at the bottom

Method How it works

2. Radio- carbon dating

All living things have ______ in their bodies. When they die, the carbon ________________ at a ____ rate. The method measures __________ of carbon in bones or plants using radioactivity and can ________ how old the remains are.

starts to disappearfixed

the amount

work out

carbon

Note: The age of the building depends on the

number of layers it is resting on. The more

layers, the more recent the building.

Answer key for Exercise 3:

The oldest building is B because it

has no layers underneath it.

The second oldest building is C

because it has one layer underneath it.

The most recent building is building

A. It has two layers underneath.

ZH: How can you tell how old the bones are when you find them?

LISTENING TEXT(P42)DATING METHODS

Zhou Heping has come to ask the archaeologist, Richard Leakey, how he dates the bones he finds.

RL: There are two main ways: the first uses layers in the ground and the second uses the radiocarbon dating.

ZH: How does the layer method work?RL: Well, many layers of soil were produced at

different times. Each time people build houses and live

somewhere, they make an occupation(占用，居住 ) layer. Each has a different color and texture(结构 ).

ZH: How does that help?RL: Look at the diagram in your book. Think o

f your wastepaper basket. When you came into work you threw the orange skin into it. Later someone threw their empty yogurt pots into it. Then some waste paper was added. Finally someone threw away some used envelopes. How many layers are there?

ZH: There are four layers. RL: Good. Now which layer is the latest?

ZH: Now, let me think! Yes, it'll be the one on the top, which is the used envelopes.

RL: And where's the oldest layer? ZH: At the bottom. RL: Well done. When we find bones in layers of soil, we know they are the same age as the soil. ZH: I see. RL: Now let's think about the second method. ZH: I remember. It's called the radiocarbon

dating method. That's a strange name. RL: Yes. It uses the radioactivity to measure the

amount of carbon in living things. The carbon in a dead

body disappears at a fixed rate. We know how long this takes, so we can measure the amount of carbon and work out how old a bone or plant is.

ZH: That's very clever. Is it very accurate too?RL: There are some problems, so youare always

given a date plus or minus some years. For example, your bone may be dated to 10,000 years ago plus or minus 100 years. This means the bone is between 9,900 years and 10,100 years old.

ZH: How clever! How old are the bones from the Zhoukoudian Caves?

RL: They are between 250,000 and

40,000 years old.

ZH: Perhaps we can go and visit the site

together sometime?

RL: Of course. Whenever you like!

北京人生活想象图

Reading and speaking Reading and speaking

• 1. What was Lala worried about?

• 2. What were her wishes? And why?

• 3. What was the custom of family groups?

• 4. What does the word “arrested” mean?

• 5. What is the meaning of the word “pronounced”?

• 6. How did Dahu sharpen the scrapers?

• 7. Why did Lala’s spirits rise?

Read and underline the phrases 1.the preparations for the feast2.It was the custom to do … 3.at different sites 4. reunion n. reunite v.5.if only 6. It was a great honor to do…7. applaud his choice8. look ahead9. accelerate her walk up the path10. lie in wait for = lie waiting for11. a delicious smell arrested her progress12.become dizzy with hunger

10 smile with relief

11 come up behind her

12 pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones

13 be in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axe-heads pull out

14 scrape the fish

15 the neighbouring caves

16 Lala’s spirits rose.

9. only to find/ be told… only to be scooped up by…

1. 担心…

2. 家族的习俗

3. 在不同的地点

4. 要是…就好了

5. 被选中是很大的荣耀

6. 为将来打算

7. 加快脚步

8. 伏击，埋伏以待

9. 因饥饿变得眼花

10.出乎意料地被抱起

be worried about

the custom of family groups

at different sites

if only…

look ahead

accelerate the walk

lie in water for

become dizzy with hunger

only to be scooped up by …

it was a great honour to be chosen

10. 宽慰地笑了

11. 浓眉大眼

12. 堆在一起

13. 需要磨尖

14. 时不时

15. 用手试试…

16. 附近的洞

17. 情绪高涨

18. 自己默默地笑

smile with relief

with strongly pronounced eyebrows

in a pile

need sharpening

now and then

try… against the hand

neighbouring caves

spirits rise

smile to oneself

• 1. Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts and fruit.

• 2. Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild animals lying in wait of her.

• 3. Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. Lala smiled with relief. It was good to have her family around her.

• 4. He chose one large stone and began to hit one of the scrapers hard on the edge that needed sharpening.

• 5. He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and to scrape the fish.

• ( END)

Homework

v. to express approval of

(someone or something) especially by

such clapping. 赞赏 , 鼓掌向 ( 某人或某物 )

表示赞赏 , 尤指鼓掌欢呼 Everyone applauded when the play

ended.

演出结束时 , 大家都热烈鼓掌。 I applaud your decision.

我赞成你的决定。

2. applaud:

3. accelerate a. to increase the speed of 加速 , 促进加快… ... 的速度 •司机加大油门,让汽车加速行驶。• The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the ca

r.• 这部新车加速效能良好。• The new car has good acceleration. b. to cause to happen earlier ( 正式 ) 催促• 他决定加快他的课程进度。• He decided to accelerate his courses.

Words and expressionsWords and expressions

1. If only it could be just like last year.

要是能像去年那样就好了 ! If only 但愿 ......; 要是……就好了。其后一般用

虚拟语气。 If only she had looked ahead and planned better. If only he had come ．

5. relief 解脱的感觉 I felt great relief when I heard I had p

assed the examination.

听说我已经通过了考试 , 感到轻松多了。

to capture and hold briefly (the

attention, for example); engage 引起注意吸引并短时间吸引住 ( 如注意力 ) ; 吸引

花的艳丽色彩引起苏珊的注意。 The bright colors of the flowers

arrested Susan’s attention.

4. arrest: