Listening to the Listening to the Voices: Using a Voices: Using a

Child's Perspective to Child's Perspective to Teach the American Teach the American

Civil War to Civil War to AdolescentsAdolescents Delise H. SandersDelise H. Sanders

Madison Creek Madison Creek

Goodlettsville, TennesseeGoodlettsville, Tennessee

The InspirationThe InspirationUnanswered QuestionsUnanswered Questions

TAH Grant: Summer Trip to Civil War TAH Grant: Summer Trip to Civil War Historic SitesHistoric Sites

Battle of NashvilleBattle of Nashville Historic Homes – What about the Historic Homes – What about the

children who were present during children who were present during the battles?the battles?

Shiloh and Chickamauga-What was Shiloh and Chickamauga-What was Johnny Clem’s first battle?Johnny Clem’s first battle?

Diaries of young witnessesDiaries of young witnesses

Books that are written from Books that are written from a child’s point of view…..a child’s point of view…..

The Carter HouseThe Carter HouseThe Carter House was purchasedThe Carter House was purchased by the State of by the State of

Tennessee in 1951 and first opened to the public in Tennessee in 1951 and first opened to the public in 1953. Today it is a Registered Historic Landmark 1953. Today it is a Registered Historic Landmark

dedicated to all Americans who fought in this battle.dedicated to all Americans who fought in this battle.

““The fighting soon became brutal and fiendishly savage, with men The fighting soon became brutal and fiendishly savage, with men

bayoneted and clubbed to death in the Carter yard.  A Confederate bayoneted and clubbed to death in the Carter yard.  A Confederate soldier was bayoneted on the front steps of the Carter House.  Men soldier was bayoneted on the front steps of the Carter House.  Men were clubbing, clawing, punching, stabbing and choking each other.  were clubbing, clawing, punching, stabbing and choking each other.  The smoke from the cannons and guns was so thick that you could The smoke from the cannons and guns was so thick that you could not tell friend from foe.”not tell friend from foe.”

““During the five hours of fighting, the Carter Family took refuge in their During the five hours of fighting, the Carter Family took refuge in their basement.  23 men, women and children (many under the age of 12) basement.  23 men, women and children (many under the age of 12) were safely protected while the horrible cries of war rang out above were safely protected while the horrible cries of war rang out above them.  The head of the family, Fountain Branch Carter, a 67-year old them.  The head of the family, Fountain Branch Carter, a 67-year old widower, had seen 3 of his sons fight for the Confederacy.  One son, widower, had seen 3 of his sons fight for the Confederacy.  One son, Theodrick (Tod), was serving as an aid for General T.B. Smith on the Theodrick (Tod), was serving as an aid for General T.B. Smith on the battlefield and saw his home for the first time in 3.5 years.  Crying out, battlefield and saw his home for the first time in 3.5 years.  Crying out, "Follow me boys, I'm almost home," Captain Tod Carter was mortally "Follow me boys, I'm almost home," Captain Tod Carter was mortally wounded and died 2 days later at the Carter House.” wounded and died 2 days later at the Carter House.” 

““After the battle, like so many homes in Franklin, the parlor of the Carter After the battle, like so many homes in Franklin, the parlor of the Carter

House was converted into a Confederate field hospital and witnessed House was converted into a Confederate field hospital and witnessed many surgeries and amputations.many surgeries and amputations. ”  ”

http://www.carterhouse1864.com/history.htm

Basement of the Carter Basement of the Carter HouseHouse

This is an exterior wall of the This is an exterior wall of the small building next to the Carter small building next to the Carter House. There are bullet holes House. There are bullet holes from the battle still visible from the battle still visible today.today.

10,000 Luminaries honor 10,000 Luminaries honor the casualties—November the casualties—November

30, 200830, 2008

Carnton PlantationCarnton Plantation

The young witnesses…The young witnesses…

Winder & Hattie McGavock circa 1865

What did they see?What did they see?

Carnton was used as a field hospital for the Carnton was used as a field hospital for the hundreds of dying Confederates during the Battle hundreds of dying Confederates during the Battle of Franklin.of Franklin.

The hardwood floors of the home were The hardwood floors of the home were permanently stained with the blood of the permanently stained with the blood of the wounded.wounded.

When the house was full, the wounded were When the house was full, the wounded were placed in the yard.placed in the yard.

In early 1866, John and Carrie McGavock In early 1866, John and Carrie McGavock designated two acres of land adjacent to their designated two acres of land adjacent to their family cemetery as a final burial place for nearly family cemetery as a final burial place for nearly 1,500 Confederate soldiers killed during the Battle 1,500 Confederate soldiers killed during the Battle of Franklin. The McGavocks maintained the of Franklin. The McGavocks maintained the cemetery until their respective deaths.cemetery until their respective deaths. http://www.carnton.org/history.htm

"Carrie McGavock takes it upon herself to tend after the Confederate wounded; later, she and her husband will rebury 1,500 of the fallen on their property. 'I was not a morbid woman,' Carrie allows, 'but if death wanted to confront me, well, I would not turn my head.' An impressive addition to the library of historical fiction of the Civil War."

The novel is said to be a mixture of fact and fiction.

The Widow of the SouthThe Widow of the Southby Robert Hicksby Robert Hicks

.Others from Franklin, Tennessee:Fannie Courtney (age 19)After the Battle of Franklin, Fannie and her Mother took charge of 120 wounded men who occupied the Presbyterian church---It being the Largest Federal hospital and another home near their own house.Fannie’s 12 year old brother went along and would raise the weary heads of the soldiers to give them coffee or water and feed those who were not able to do so themselves. He also went upon the battlefields and helped bury the dead

Thomas Norfleet Figuers (1846 - 1935)Thomas at age 15 enlisted in Co. D 32 Tennessee Infantry . After it was determined that he was underage, he was discharged and returned to Franklin. After the Battle of Franklin, he helped his mother care for the wounded solders in the Figuers Home.

CivilWarTalk.com

Thomas Norfleet Figuers (1846 - 1935)Thomas at age 15 enlisted in co. D 32 Tennessee Infantry . After it was determined that he was underage, he was discharged and returned to Franklin. After the Battle of Franklin he Helped his mother care for the wounded solders in the Figuers Home.

Alice

Alice Williamson DiaryAn On-line Archival Collection

Special Collections Library, Duke University

Anna’s words……Anna’s words……

Mar. 22. Cold and windy. Paynes behavior moderate. Mar. 22. Cold and windy. Paynes behavior moderate. No murdering going on. Grand Military Ball coming No murdering going on. Grand Military Ball coming off Tuesday 29th Mrs. P. looked for daily.off Tuesday 29th Mrs. P. looked for daily.

Mar. 30th. I have started to school and have not had Mar. 30th. I have started to school and have not had time to write for Mrs. Cage keep the pupils busy for time to write for Mrs. Cage keep the pupils busy for fear of having to sit on the disgrace bench with that fear of having to sit on the disgrace bench with that horrid old dunce cap. The ball came off with great horrid old dunce cap. The ball came off with great splendor. Old Dilsy (Mrs. Payne) came down Monday. splendor. Old Dilsy (Mrs. Payne) came down Monday. Every negro in the country was pressed Monday to Every negro in the country was pressed Monday to work on the fortifications to keep that thief Morgan work on the fortifications to keep that thief Morgan out-so the Gen. saysout-so the Gen. says

April 1st. Unusually cold for this month; rainy and April 1st. Unusually cold for this month; rainy and windy.windy.

About Alice….About Alice…. Census records indicate Alice was about 16 years old Census records indicate Alice was about 16 years old

at the time the diary was written.at the time the diary was written. She had a large family of at least 8 children.She had a large family of at least 8 children. Her family’s occupation was farming.Her family’s occupation was farming. She lived near Union occupied Gallatin, Tennessee.She lived near Union occupied Gallatin, Tennessee. She should have finished high school in 1862, but She should have finished high school in 1862, but

the war closed the school. She graduated in 1867.the war closed the school. She graduated in 1867. She died in 1869 at the age of 21.She died in 1869 at the age of 21. Alice’s clearly indicates her dislike for the Union and Alice’s clearly indicates her dislike for the Union and

tells of the hardships of living in a small rural tells of the hardships of living in a small rural community during the war.community during the war.

Rebellion Revisited, a History of Sumner County, Rebellion Revisited, a History of Sumner County, Tennessee From 1861 to 1870Tennessee From 1861 to 1870 by Walter Durham by Walter Durham

You Need:You Need:4 sheets 8 1/2" x 11" white paper hole punched4 sheets 8 1/2" x 11" white paper hole punched1 sheet 8 1/2" x 11" colored paper1 sheet 8 1/2" x 11" colored paper1 elastic band (I used size 33. You don't have to have this 1 elastic band (I used size 33. You don't have to have this exact size but it needs to be long enough to go through the exact size but it needs to be long enough to go through the holes and stretch around the stick.)holes and stretch around the stick.)1 stick about 7 1/2" long or a sturdy stick of the same size to 1 stick about 7 1/2" long or a sturdy stick of the same size to give it a more rustic appearance. Tongue depressors also give it a more rustic appearance. Tongue depressors also work great!work great!

Making the BookMaking the Book 1. Tape all your sheets of paper together to make them even 1. Tape all your sheets of paper together to make them even

and fold the stack in half. The colored paper should be on and fold the stack in half. The colored paper should be on the outside.the outside.

2. Punch two holes about 1/4" in from the folded edge of the 2. Punch two holes about 1/4" in from the folded edge of the paper through all the layers. They should be about 1 ½ paper through all the layers. They should be about 1 ½ inches from the top and bottom.. inches from the top and bottom..

3. From the back of the book, thread one end of the rubber 3. From the back of the book, thread one end of the rubber band through the top hole and insert the stick into the loop.band through the top hole and insert the stick into the loop.

4. At the back of the book, pull the other end of the elastic 4. At the back of the book, pull the other end of the elastic down and put itdown and put it through the bottom hole. Insert the other end of the through the bottom hole. Insert the other end of the stick into the loop.stick into the loop.

Student Diary Activities

Wanted: Young men who like to get up early, make noise all day, love

exercise and excitement. If interested, please see the nearest

Army Recruiter …

Monument on the Calcasieu Parish Courthouse lawn in Lake Charles, Louisiana.

Are you an early riser? Is 5 am too early? That's when the drummers had to get up.

Every morning at 5 a.m. they played reveille to awaken all the other soldiers. It didn't make

them very popular at breakfast.Do you like to make noise all day? Getting the Army out of bed in the morning was just the

first thing the drummers had to do. Next came:roll call -- so the officers could make sure

everyone got up, sick call -- to find out who was sick,

breakfast call -- to eat breakfast (usually pork, beans, and two dried biscuits, called hard-

tack), drill call -- to practice being a soldier or a

drummer,dinner call -- to eat again,

file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/acreader/My%20Documents/Children%20at%20War/

Heroes.html

Union Drummer BoysUnion Drummer Boys

100,000 boys under 15 enlisted in 100,000 boys under 15 enlisted in the Union Armythe Union Army

300 boys under 13 enlisted300 boys under 13 enlisted The youngest documented boy The youngest documented boy

soldier is Tommy Hubler. He was 9 soldier is Tommy Hubler. He was 9 when he enlisted with his father.when he enlisted with his father.

There is conflicting information There is conflicting information about John Clem, “The Drummer Boy about John Clem, “The Drummer Boy of Shiloh”of Shiloh”

John Clem---Two sides to John Clem---Two sides to the story..the story..

At the age of ten ran away At the age of ten ran away from home—joined 24from home—joined 24thth Ohio or 22Ohio or 22ndnd Michigan. Michigan.

He served at Shiloh, He served at Shiloh, earning the nickname earning the nickname "Johnny Shiloh" for his "Johnny Shiloh" for his steadiness. Later steadiness. Later transferring to the "22nd transferring to the "22nd Michigan“Michigan“

Clem drummed at Clem drummed at Chickamauga -- where he Chickamauga -- where he earned the nickname "The earned the nickname "The Drummer Boy of Drummer Boy of Chickamauga“.Chickamauga“.

After the war he attempted After the war he attempted to win an appointment to to win an appointment to West Point, but was said to West Point, but was said to be weak academically.be weak academically.

President Ulysses S. Grant, President Ulysses S. Grant, in whose army he had in whose army he had drummed at Shiloh, gave drummed at Shiloh, gave him a military commission. him a military commission. He served 47 years.He served 47 years.

Controversy currently rages Controversy currently rages over Clem's wartime over Clem's wartime experiences. There is no experiences. There is no doubt that Clem was present doubt that Clem was present at Chickamauga, but at Chickamauga, but historians increasingly historians increasingly question his purported question his purported exploits at Shiloh. Skeptics exploits at Shiloh. Skeptics accurately argue that the accurately argue that the Twenty-Second Michigan did Twenty-Second Michigan did not officially form until well not officially form until well after the Battle of Shiloh, so after the Battle of Shiloh, so there is no way that Clem there is no way that Clem could have participated in could have participated in the battle, at least with this the battle, at least with this regiment. There is always the regiment. There is always the possibility that Clem served possibility that Clem served with another unit at that with another unit at that time, but if this is so, it has time, but if this is so, it has been lost to history. Some been lost to history. Some scholars now contend that scholars now contend that Northern reporters enhanced Northern reporters enhanced Clem's exploits to help Clem's exploits to help promote the war effort.  promote the war effort.  

http://http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=85entry.php?rec=85

Roster 22Roster 22ndnd Michigan Michigan InfantryInfantry

Company CCompany C Brown, George W. Detroit 18 Brown, George W. Detroit 18 Brown, Orlando Kenockee 19 Brown, Orlando Kenockee 19 Burley, John R. Brockway 24 Burley, John R. Brockway 24 Burt, Charles Wales 20 Bush, Burt, Charles Wales 20 Bush, George E. Wales 18 George E. Wales 18 Cameron, John C. Port Huron 28 Cameron, John C. Port Huron 28 Campbell, Elijah Port Huron 19 Campbell, Elijah Port Huron 19 Carson, John H. Port Huron 18 Carson, John H. Port Huron 18 Clem, John Nashville, Tn 13 Clem, John Nashville, Tn 13

““The Drummer Boy” of The Drummer Boy” of Shiloh that was NOT John Shiloh that was NOT John

Clem….Clem….

http://library.duke.edu/http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hasm.conf0166/digitalcollections/hasm.conf0166/

http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hasm.conf0166/ Full version can be downloaded.

http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=December&Date=19

The upper left inset image shows the boy washing his face in the morning in a wooden bucket.  The upper center image is

captioned, "The Favorite in Camp", and it presents a touching image of the young boy sitting in a soldiers lap, listening to stories of the war.  Another soldier is pictured nearby reading a copy of Harper's

Weekly. 

The upper right image is captioned, "Our Daily Bread", and shows the drummer boy enjoying a nice meal of warm bread and coffee. 

The center left image is a touching picture of the small boy leaving for war.  He is crying, and his entire family is weeping and obviously upset at his departure.  A soldier is seen standing with his hand out,

to take the boy away.  The boy has his drum on his back.The lower left inset image pictures the young boy writing a letter

home, using his drum as a desk. 

http://http://www.sonofthesouth.net/www.sonofthesouth.net/

Civil_War_Drummer_Boy.htmCivil_War_Drummer_Boy.htm

The lower center image shows the boy marching into battle, providing the cadence on his drum for the soldiers march to.  A look of bravery and determination can be seen on the small boys face. 

The lower right image shows the boy with a happy smile, reading a letter from home. 

The most interesting image shows the boy returning home from the war.  The interesting thing is that he left a little boy, and is returning a young man.  His family can be seen staring at him as if they do not even recognize him.  The grandmother is adjusting her glasses as if she can not believe that the little boy has grown into a young man

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/Civil_War_Drummer_Boy.htmCivil_War_Drummer_Boy.htm

How could these Thomas Nast illustrations best be used in the classroom?

Confederate Drummer Confederate Drummer BoysBoys

George S. Lamkin of Winona, Mississippi, joined Stanford's MississippiBattery when he was eleven, and before his twelfth birthday was severelywounded at Shiloh.

E.G. Baxter, of Clark County, Kentucky, is recorded as enlisting in CompanyA, 7th Kentucky Cavalry in June, 1862,when he was not quite thirteen and a year later was a second lieutenant.

John Bailey Tyler, of D Troop, 1st Maryland Cavalry, born in Frederick,Maryland, in 1849, was twelve when war came. He fought with his regiment until the end, without a wound.

Often these young boys got into trouble for not doing their duty. Perhaps they overslept or fell asleep while on guard. In some cases they were sentenced to death. A few of them appealed directly to President Lincoln for leniency. Lincoln often granted a pardon for him. Other times Lincoln ordered that the boy be spanked!

•[GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES] Civil War Drummer Boys by "Sally Pavia

Unknown Drummer Boy

Other activities…..Other activities…..

Students can write:Students can write: a letter home from a letter home from

the perspective of the perspective of a drummer boy a drummer boy facing battle.facing battle.

a description of a description of what occurred in a what occurred in a battle.battle.

A poem about a A poem about a specific battlespecific battle

Activities:JournalsTimelinesPostcardsLettersCompare contrast

The Children of Lincoln and The Children of Lincoln and DavisDavis

file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/acreader/My%20Documents/Civil%20War%20Children/lincolndavis.html

http://www.radford.edu/~sbisset/civilwar.htm

http://www.nps.gov/archive/libo/lincolns_auto_bio3.htm

Baker, Jean H. Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography (W.W. Norton: New York, 1987), 429p.

Donald, David Herbert. We Are Lincoln Men: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (Simon &Schuster, 2003), 269p.

Lincoln, Mary.