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Subject : Theory ofCommunication
Chapter 5 Group 5
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Outline
I. What is listening ?
II. Types of listening :
0 Appreciative
0 Discriminative
0 Comprehensive
0 Empathic
0 Critical listening
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I/What is listening ?
Presenter : M.Sang
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E.g:
- Listen or listen to cannot be replaced by hear:
She does all the talking - I just sit and listen.
You haven't listened to a word I've said!
- Hear cannot be replaced by listen :
She hearda noise outside.
You'll have to speakup, I can't hear you.
Listening is important for effective communication because 50 percent or more
of the time we spend communicating is spent listening .
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When we try to listen carefully, most of us remember only about 50 percent of what we
hear shortly after hearing it and only about 20 percent two days later.
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Listening is one of the most important skills needed in the corporate environment.
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II/Type of listening :In order to be an effective listener in different situations, you must fi rst consider your
purpose for listening. Scholars have identifiedfivetypes of listening based on fi \vedifferent purposes :
Appreciative
Discriminative
Comprehensive
Empathic
Critical listening
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I.1 Appreciative listening :
In an appreciative listening situation, your goal is to simply enjoy the thoughts and
experiences of others by listening to what they are saying.
With appreciative listening, you do not have to focus as closely or as carefully on
specificsas you do in other listening situations.
You might use appreciative listening during a casual social conversation.
Most people listen to music in this way.
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Hanging out with friends, party
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Discriminative Listening
Presenter : HuLc
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Discriminative Listening : listening tounderstanding the meaning of a message.
At times this involves listening between thelinesfor meaning conveyed in other ways thanthe words themselves.
Discriminative listening
concerns the basic
function of hearing soundand distinguishing
between different sounds.
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In human communication, this includes
picking up on shifts in a speaker's voice such
as speed, emphasis, and pitch.
This listening skill allows the listener to
recognize nuances in the speaker's message
such as pleased or anger.
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Discriminative listening isespecially important for sales
and customer servicesrepresentatives because itallows the listener to hear anyunderlying tones or emotions.
Employees utilizing this form oflistening can discern whether acustomer leaves the businesshappy or upset; therefore, using
discriminative listening can savesales and increase revenues forupselling techniques.
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Discriminative thinking also focuses on
reading body language. Business employees
should be able to determine if a customer's
body language matches his language to
discern any inconsistencies.
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Comprehensive ListeningPresenter: Minh Dang
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What?
In comprehensive listeningsituation, our goalis to understand the speakers message as
well as learn, remember, be able to recall
what has been said.
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In communication, some words are more
important and some less so, and
comprehension often benefits from extraction
of key facts and itemsfrom a long talk.
Also known as: content listening, informative
listening andfull listening.
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How?
Have to know the wordsand also all rules of
grammar and syntaxunderstand what
others are saying
Also have to know visual componentsof
communication, and an understanding of
body languageunderstand what themessages really mean
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Pay close attention to all the informationthewordsspoken, the toneof the voice, the body
language and the situationin which theconversation is taking place.
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In comprehensive listening, the speaker must
make his words understandable, and the listener
must let them know if they don't understand.
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Eg:
Listening comprehensively to professor lecturing
about key concepts Speakers at training seminars
Broadcast news reports that provide timely
information about traffic conditions
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respond autobiographically
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Empathic Listening
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Outline
Empathic Listening The Benefits of Empathic Listening The Process of Empathic Listening
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Empathic Listening
A way of listening and responding to another person
that improves mutual understanding and trust.
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Empathic Listening
It is an essentialskill for third parties and
disputants alike, as it enables the listener to
receive and accurately interpret the speaker'smessage, and then provide an appropriate
response. It is also called active listening or reflective
listening.
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The Process of Empathic Listening
1. Give the person you are connecting with your
full attention.
k h h h h
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2. Do not speak when the other person is in the
middle of communicating their issue.
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3. Offer a summary of what you have heard to
the speaker, when they are done talking.
I hear that you
said you feel
upset about....
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Summary
Empathic Listening The Benefits of Empathic Listening The Process of Empathic Listening
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CRITICAL LISTENING
Presenter : Ngn Giang
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Critical listening requires careful observation,
judgment, and trustworthinessof the speaker.
E.g: persuasive communications includes
politicians, news, salespeople, etc.
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Understand person and context
Many arguments do not stand alone and
understanding why the person is saying what
they are saying can help in the understanding
and consequently evaluation of their message.
E.g : Your friend is describing his/her tests
result excitingly.
Critical listening skills
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Probe
asking questions to add useful information
and help them develop their argument.
E.g: how, what, why, when, where and who
Critical listening skills
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Discrimination
separating one thing from another =>
understand differences and get to important
details
Critical listening skills
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Judging the person, not the message
The listener strays into judging the person
rather than their argument.
Fallacies in critical thinking
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False positives
You judge it good but it is actually wrong in
some way; when your ability to judge is
limited by your knowledge or logic
capabilities.
You make an evaluation based on the
character of the speaker rather than whatthey are saying.
Fallacies in critical thinking
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False negatives
You incorrectly judge the argument as being
flawed when in fact it is actually valid; lack of
skill of the evaluator.
Fallacies in critical thinking
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A wise old owl lived in an oak
The more he saw the less he spoke
The less he spoke the more he heard.Why cant we all be like that wise old bird?
WISE OLD OWL
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Thanks for listening
Group 5 :
1. M.Sang
2. H.Lc
3. Ngn Giang
4. Ngc Cm
5. M.ng 6. T Ngn