UGC Approved Quarterly International Refereed Journal of
English Language, Literature and Criticism
Issue Editors
ISSN 0976-299X
VOL. X SPECIAL ISSUE NO. 3 JANUARY 2019
LITERARY ENDEAVOUR
www.literaryendeavour.org
UGC Approved Under Arts and Humanities Journal No. 44728
Dr. K.S. Antonysamy Dr. I. Felicita Mary Praba Dr. N. PreethiShanthi
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LITERARY ENDEAVOUR
UGC Approved Under Arts and Humanities Journal No. 44728
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ISSN 0976-299X
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ISSN 0976-299X
Editorial...Writing in English literature is a global phenomenon. It represents
ideologies and cultures of the particular region. Different forms of literature like
drama, poetry, novel, non-fiction, short story etc. are used to express one's
impressions and experiences about the socio-politico-religio-cultural and
economic happenings of the regions. The World War II brings vital changes in the
outlook of authors in the world. Nietzsche's declaration of death of God and the
appearance of writers like Edward Said, Michele Foucault, Homi Bhabha, and
Derrida bring changes in the exact function of literature in moulding the human
life. Due to Globalization and liberalization, society moves to the post-industrial
phase. Migration and immigration become common features of postmodern
society. These movements give birth to issues like race, ethnicity, gender, crisis
for identity, cultural conflict, dislocation, isolation and many others. Thus
multiculturalism becomes the key note of new literatures written in English. The
colonial legacy, immigrants and migrated authors attempt to define Britishness in
literature and the result is postethnicity in English literature. The writers like
Salman Rushdie, Hanif Kureishi, Andrea Levy and many others attempted to
redefine and revaluate the singular authority of text and plead for the plurality of
themes. There is another form of literature growing consciously in the country
like India. This literature is called as Fourth World Literature or the literature of
protest. The marginalized sections of society attempt to protest against upper
caste ideologies in Dalit Literature. All these issues are reflected in the present
issue of Literary Endeavour.
A Quarterly International Refereed Journal of English Language, Literature and Criticism
VOL. X : SPECIAL ISSUE NO. 3 : JANUARY, 2019
ISSN 0976-299X
Dr. N. PreethiShanthi
Advisory Editorial Board
Associate Editor
Issue Editors
Dr. I. Felicita Mary Praba
Dr. N. PreethiShanthi
Dr. K.S. Antonysamy
Co-Editor
Members
Dr. Lilly Fernandes Associate Professor, Department of English,
College of Education Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mai Nefhi, Asmara State Eritrea, North East Africal
Dr. Adnan Saeed Thabet Abd-El-SafiDepartment of English, Faculty of Education,
Yafea, Univerity of Aden, Yemen
Dr. S. VenkateshwaranProfessor, Regional Institute of English,
Bangalore, India
LITERARY ENDEAVOURLITERARY ENDEAVOUR
Dr. S. Valliammai Department of English,
Alagappa University, Karaikudi, TN, India
Dr. Anar SalunkeDirector, Dr. BAMU, Sub-Campus, Osmanabad,
Maharashtra, India
Editorial Board
Dr.Khaled Ahmed Ali Al-swmaeaiAssistant Professor,
Department of English, Faculty of Education, Yafea, University of Aden, Yemen
Mr. Mussie TeweldeHead, Department of English,
College of Education, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mai Nefhi, Asmara,
State of Eritra
Dr. A. M. SarwadeAssociate Professor,
Department of English,
Shivaji University, Kolhapur,
Maharashtra, India
UGC Approved Under Arts and Humanities Journal No. 44728
Dr. Sundaraa RajanProfessor and Co-ordinator,PG Department of English,
Wolaito Sodo University, Ethiopia,East Africa
Prof. Smita JhaProfessor, Department of Humanities
and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Dr. Mallikarjun PatilProfessor, Department of English,
Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Dr. VijayaletchumyAssociate Professor,
Department of Malay Language,Faculty of Modern Language and
Communication, University Putra Malaysia,UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Dr. A. L. KatonisProfessor of Linguistics and Literature,
Thessaloniki University, Athens,Greece
Prof. Dr. Munthir M. HabibDepartment of English, College of Arts,
Chairman of Academic Promotion Committee,
Zarqa University, Jordan
Adel Saleh Naji MuthannaUniversity of Aden-Dhalea,
College of Education, ALDhalea, Yemen
Dr. Vivek MirganeHead, Department of English,
Bankatswami College, Beed, Maharashtra
Dr. K.S. Antonysamy Dr. I. Felicita Mary Praba
Issue Editors
Department of English, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai
From the Editors’ Desk
“To sin by silence, when they should protest, makes cowards of men”-
Ella Wheeler Wilcox.
Every creature born on earth has an innate quality to express dissatisfaction about the
disturbing conditions. This dissatisfaction manifests as protest or resistance to the perpetrator
of delinquency. Protest is a reaction to the impending hegemonic authoritarianism, to acts of
violation, suppression or infiltration into the rights of an individual or a group. Silence at
times of oppression is always seen as a form of complacence and neutrality and is considered
always in favour of the perpetrator. Protest emerges from awareness and realisation of
inequality in the society. Protest is expressed in various forms like demonstrations, civil
disobedience, symbolic display, mob violence, lawsuits, and an individual’s statements. It
has as its anchor art and literature.
Literature is a medium of self-expression and Protest Literature in particular is viewed
as a reaction or response of writers to their contemporary society and the belief it upholds.
Writers of literature have voiced their resentment implicitly or explicitly through their
writings. They have expressed their dissatisfaction with the status quo and have always
focused to build an egalitarian society through their writings. A Utopian society is impossible
when there is selfishness, discrimination and exploitation all around us. But citizens should
always aspire to build an inclusive rights based society. The writers who have realized this
have always expressed this in their writings and have even changed the society’s perspective
to issues and the dynamics of collective protest.
Paul Lauter, Professor at Trinity College, Connecticut says: “It (Protest Literature)
engages social issues immediate to the moment,” he adds, “in order to reshape the audience’s
conscience.” The humanity has to be informed of all the discriminatory situations ignoring
the controversy and the backfire otherwise, they would not have known anything about
ostracism.
Ralph Ellison in Invisible Man remarks: “I am an invisible man…I am a man of
substance, of flesh and bone, fibre and liquids- and I might even be said to possess a mind. I
am invisible; understand, simply because people refuse to see me.” These lines are a
testimony of all the victims of various forms of discrimination and exploitation all over the
world because oppressors do not consider victims as their equals. Hence victims have mostly
become invisible and mute due to the tactics of the perpetrators. The Protest writers with
agony cover these evils of the society, cruelty, humiliation, ostracism and injustices. They
have the depth to see beyond the superficial layers of comforts and developments. Protest
writers address the readers fuelled by a text to reconnoitre solutions to the concerns raised. In
his poem “I Explain a Few Things” Pablo Neruda pens his anguish:
“And you will ask: Why doesn’t his poetry
Speak of dreams and leaves
And the great volcanoes of his land?
Come and see the blood on the streets”
As an Emerson’s ‘Man-Thinking’ person, these protest writers cannot ignore and suppress
their disappointments and dissatisfaction.
The Conveners of the National Seminar on Protest Writings Dr. I. Felicita and Dr. N.
Preethi Shanthi, Assistant Professors, Department of English, Loyola college (Autonomous),
Chennai avers to bring to light the sufferings of the innumerable Invisible Men, Women and
Others, to make their unheard voices audible in India as well as in the International arena.
This seminar shall be a gateway to the world of the victims of oppression, to see them, to
listen to them, to empathise with them and march with them in their struggle for their rights.
The research articles show the discontent of the protest writers that pervades in every sphere.
Thereby protest writers showcase their despair and desolation. “We must stand on our own
feet and fight as best as we can for our rights. So carry on your agitation and organise your
forces. Power and prestige will come to you through struggle,” says B. R. Ambedkar. Protest
Writings has a subterranean yearning for a proper perception to find a panacea to the victims
of the society due to the maladies of the society. From the fetters, fractures and fragments
Protest Writings hopes for freedom and fraternity.
We thank Literary Endeavour: An International Journal of Language, Literature and
Criticism for bringing out the papers of the National Seminar on Protest Writings.
Issue Editors
Dr. K.S. Antonysamy
Dr. I. Felicita Mary Praba
Dr. N. PreethiShanthi
The Editors
Dr. K.S. Antonysamy, Head, Department of English, Loyola College, Chennai, has thirty
three years of teaching experience. ELT, Business English Communication and Literary
Theory are his areas of interest. He is a teacher trainer and recognized guide for Doctoral
level research. He has contributed scholarly articles on a variety of topics in many
reputed journals. His recent publications include Classical to Contemporary Theory: A
Demystified Approach, Executive Communication, English for Language Skills, Soft Skills and
Personality Development: A Handbook of Employability Skills, Gift of Pearl: A Biography of Rev.
Fr. Ignacimuthu S.J. and Doing Research in ELT.
Dr. I. Felicita Mary Praba, Assistant Professor works in the Department of English,
Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai. Her areas of interest include Diasporic Writings,
American Literature and Subaltern Literature. She is a research guide of the University of
Madras. She is one of the editors of Echoes for Dawn: An English Course Book for Critical
Thinking. She has contributed scholarly articles on a variety of topics in many reputed
journals.
Dr. N. Preethi Shanthi, Assistant Professor works in the Department of English, Loyola
College (Autonomous), Chennai. Her areas of interest include Second Language
Acquisition, Technical Wrting, Academic Writing and Subaltern Literature. She has
attended an International Seminar on Sustainable Living Practices Across the Globe in
Scotland. She is one of the editors of Echoes for Dawn: An English Course Book for Critical
Thinking. She has contributed scholarly articles on a variety of topics in many reputed
journals.
