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To Kill aMockingbird
LiteratureTerms
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POINT OF VIEWDefinition:
Point of view is the perspective
of the speaker or narrator in a
literary work.
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POINT OF VIEWThere are several different kinds of point of view.
Can you name and describe any?
First-person point of view:
The narrator is someone who is present or involved inthe action of the story.
The narrator uses the personal pronoun Ito indicatepersonal involvement.
Second-person point of view:
The narrator speaks to the reader asyou and addressesthe reader directly, as if they were speaking together.
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POINT OF VIEW
Third-person omniscient point of view:
The narrator is separate from the action of the story. The narrator knows all the action including what is
going on in all of the characters minds.
Third-person limited point of view:
The narrator is separate from the action of the story. The narrator is limited to knowledge of only the
perspective of one character.
What point of view is
To Kill a Mockingbird told from?
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POINT OF VIEW
To Kill a Mockingbird is told from a
first-person point of view!
How do we know its told from a first person point of
view?
Use of the pronoun IHow old is the narrator when she tells her story?
Adult looking back on her childhood Kind of get two levels of viewpoint: view of Scout the child and
view of Scout the adult rethinking and providing insight on her
childhood
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POINT OF VIEW
What are the advantages of a first-person narrator?
Closely identify with narrator Feeling that you are there
What are the disadvantages of a first-person
narrator?
The narrator may not know all the sides to the story beingrelated
View / Remembrance of story may have changed over timesince she is now an adult
Young, nave, innocent, inexperienced viewpoint from childmay have been lost or skewed the story
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ALLUSIONDefinition:
An allusion is an indirect reference one that you need to understand
without the author telling you it is
one - in literature or in art toprevious literature, history,
mythology, pop culture/events, or the
Bible.
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ALLUSION
Example:
Imagine that you are at a party with your friends ona Friday night. You have been having such a great
time that your midnight curfew is the farthest thing
from your mind. Glancing at your watch, yourealize in horror that its already 11:45! Mumbling
about your need to get home by midnight, you dashto the door. Your friend calls after you, Whats
wrong? Is your carriage going to turn into a
pumpkin?Through your friends
sarcastic remark,
what is she alluding to?
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ALLUSION
There are 140 Allusions in this famous
song
How many can you remember???
h"p://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=KzmihD76YzE
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ALLUSION
So, where are there some allusions in
To Kill a Mockingbird?
Well, theres one right on page 6:
Maycomb County had recently
been told that it had nothing tofear but fear itself.
What is this passage alluding to?
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ALLUSION
What is this passage alluding to?
Its alluding to President Franklin Delano Roosevelts first Inaugural
Address delivered on March 4, 1933.
This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth,
frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditionsin our country today. This great Nation will endure as it has endured,
will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief
that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnameless,
unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to
convert retreat into advance.
h"p://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=amNpxQANk0M&feature=related
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PARALLELISMDefinition:
The repeated use of the samegrammatical structure in a sentence or
a series of sentences.
This device tends to really emphasizewhat is being said.
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PARALLELISMExamples:
I came, I saw, I conquered. ~ Plutarch
You can fool all the people some of the time, and some
of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all
the people all the time. ~Abraham Lincoln
Ask not what your country can do for you;
ask what you can do for your country.
~John F. Kennedy
We are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfieduntil justice rolls down like waters and righteousness
like a mighty stream. ~Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.
In what positive ways are these sentences affected
by the use of parallel structures?
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PARALLELISM
Where is parallelism used in
To Kill a Mockingbird?
Right on page 6! See if you can find it!!
There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to
go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it
with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of
Maycomb County.
What does the parallel structure emphasize in this
sentence?
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FORESHADOWINGDefinition:
Foreshadowing hints at what is tocome.
It is sometimes noticeable only in
hindsight, but usually it is obviousenough to set the reader wondering.
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FORESHADOWING
There is A LOT of foreshadowing in To Kill a Mockingbird.
Find an example of foreshadowing on each of the following pages:
Page 3
When enough years had gone by to enable us to look back on them, we sometimes discussed the events leading tohis accident.
Page 49
Until it happened I did not realize that Jem was offended by my contradicting him on Hot Steams, and that he
was patiently awaiting an opportunity to reward me.
Page 99
This order, given by me to Cecil Jacobs, was the beginning of a rather thin time for Jem and me.
Why do you think foreshadowing is used?
What does it do for the story?
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IRONY
Definition:
Irony is the incongruity between what
might be expected and what actuallyoccurs or is said.
There are 3 differentkinds of irony . . .
Do you know any of them?
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VERBAL IRONY
Definition:
Verbal irony means what is said is
different from or the opposite of what
is meant.
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VERBAL IRONY
Example:
What is another word for verbal irony?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLc8RIdRzio
Hint: It is one of Holdens FAVORITE things!
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SITUATIONAL IRONY
Definition:
Situational irony is a situation
where the outcome is different
from what is expected to happen.
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SITUATIONAL IRONY
Example:
What situational ironies
are present in the movieShrek?
Shrek Trailer on
Youtube.com
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DRAMATIC IRONY
Definition:
Dramatic irony occurs when themeaning of a situation is understood
by the audience but not by the other
characters in the scene.
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DRAMATIC IRONY
Example: There is a lot of dramatic irony inRomeo and Juliet.
Lets see how good your memory is!
What is the dramatic irony
when Romeo and Juliet aredancing together at theCapulet party? The audience knows that their families are enemies,
but they dont realize that at that point.
What is the dramatic ironyat the end of the play?
Romeo thinks Juliet is really dead, but as theaudience we know she is still really alive.
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IRONYThere is a lot of irony in
To Kill a Mockingbird.
Identify the kind of irony that is being
employed in the following passages from the
novel.
as I read the alphabet a faint line appeared between her [Miss Carolines]eyebrows, and after making me read most ofMy First Reader and the stock-market quotations from The Mobile Register aloud, she discovered that I was
literate and looked at me with more than faint distaste (p. 22).
Jem gave a reasonable description of Boo: Boo was about six-and-a-half feet
tall, judging from his tracks; he dined on raw squirrels and any cats he could
catch, thats why his hands were bloodstained . . . There was a long jagged scarthat ran across his face; what teeth he had were yellow and rotten; his eyespopped, and he drooled most of the time (p. 16).
I asked Dill where his father was: You aint said anything about him. I aintgot one. Is he dead? No Then if hes not dead youve got one, havent you?
Dill blushed and Jem told me to hush . . . (p. 9).
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SYMBOLISM
Definition:
Symbolism is a technique in whicha person, place, thing, or idea
represents not only its literal self
but also something beyond itselfsuch as a quality, attitude, belief or
value.
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SYMBOLISM
What do these symbols represent?
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SYMBOLISM
What is the symbolic meaning of each of
these items in To Kill a Mockingbird?
The Radley trees (p.44)
The snowman (morphodite) (p. 89)
The mad dog Tim Johnson (p. 123)
Mockingbird (p. 119)
Mrs. Dubose (p. 132)
Red geraniums (p. 228)
Boo Radley (all over!)
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h"p://www.docstoc.com/docs/75318190/To-Kill-Mockingbird