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Submitted by:

Dheeraj Kumar SoniSID: 15109008

IntroductionIntroduction• Demand for hybrid electric vehicles and the desire for portable electronics, seeking high-performance anode batteries.

• New material to build the next-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high electrochemical performance.

• The family of manganese oxide including the Na-Mn-O system is regarded as one of the most promising electrode materials for LIBs. 

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Lithium in the batteries

• Lithium is the lightest of metals and it can float on water.

• Highly reactive.

• These properties gives Lithium the potential to achieve very high energy and power densities in high-density battery applications such as automotive and standby power.

• A lithium cell can produce voltage from 1.5 V to about 3 V based on the type of materials used.

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Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion Battery)Li-ion batteries are secondary batteries.

• The battery consists of a anode of Lithium dissolved as ions, into a carbon. • The cathode material is made up from Lithium liberating compounds, typically the three electro-active oxide materials,

• Lithium Cobalt-oxide (LiCoO2 )• Lithium Manganese-oxide (LiMn2O4 )• Lithium Nickel-oxide (LiNiO2)

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Principle• During the charge and discharge processes, lithium ions are inserted or extracted from interstitial space between atomic layers within the battery.

• Simply, the Li-ion is transfers between anode and cathode through electrolyte.

• Since neither the anode nor the cathode materials essentially change, the operation is safer than that of a Lithium

metal battery.

PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture-7 6

Reactions during DischargeReactions during Discharge

Cathode: LiCoO2 Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe- Anode: LixC xLi + xe- + C

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Advantages

• They have high energy density than other rechargeable batteries• They have less weight• They produce high voltage out about 3.7V as compared with other batteries.• They have improved safety, i.e. more resistance to overcharge• Fast charge and discharge rate

Disadvantage

• They are expensive• They are not available in standard cell types.

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Applications• The Li-ion batteries are used in cameras, calculators.

• They are used in cardiac pacemakers and other implantable device.

• They are used in telecommunication equipment, instruments, portable radios and TVs, pagers.

• They are used to operate laptop computers and mobile phones and aerospace application

New StrategyNew StrategyA new strategy is carried out to prepare a highly

porous and electrochemically active Na0.55Mn2O4·1.5H2O (SMOH) compound to be used as the anode.

The Na-Mn-O nanocrystal material dispersed within a carbon matrix manifests a high reversible capacity of 1015.5 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1.

A polymorph of manganese oxide with cations such as Na+, K+, and Li+, has aroused intense research interest because of its unique architecture with multiple oxidation states that enrich redox reactions. 10

Na0.55Mn2O4•1.5H2O (SMOH) nanocrystal homogeneously dispersed within an amorphous carbon matrix, via hydrothermal processes followed by calcination and etching treatments.

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• The as-formed compound is comprised of nanocrystals with typical crystallite size of about 5–10 nm, which are well-dispersed within the amorphous carbon matrix.

• Carbon not only triggers the successful formation of the new material, but also stabilizes the SMOH nanocrystals against self-agglomeration and provides a conductive channel to speed up the charge transfer efficiency of the electrode.

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ConclusionConclusion• High performance batteries are in

demands, and also with better cyclability.

• To our knowledge, there are no reports focusing on the application of Na-Mn-O-based compounds as anode materials for LIBs.

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Thank YouThank You

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